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1 APPLID ARCHITCTURAL STRUCTURS: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND SYSTS DR. ANN NICHOLS SPRING 018 lecture twent one steel construction and design Steel cast iron wrought iron - steel cables columns beams trusses rames Steel Construction 1 Applied Architectural Structures 01abn Steel Construction 009abn Steel Construction standard rolled shapes open web joists plate girders decking Steel Construction welding bolts AISC ducation Steel Construction 3 Steel Construction 4 Applied Architectural Structures 01abn 1

2 Steel Construction ire prooing cementicious spra encasement in gpsum intumescent expands with heat sprinkler sstem Steel aterials high strength to weight ratio ductile beam size oten limited b delection column size limited b slenderness Steel Construction 5 Steel Construction 6 tpes manuactured shapes tpes wide lange castellated Steel Construction 7 Steel Construction 8

3 tpes open web joists (manuactured trusses) tpes (more) plate girder decking Steel Construction 9 Steel Construction 10 lateral stabilit - bracing local buckling - stien Steel Construction abn Steel Construction 1 3

4 Local Buckling steel I beams lange buckle in direction o smaller radius o gration web orce crippling Local Buckling lange web Steel Construction 13 Steel Construction 14 Shear in Web panels in plate girders or webs with large shear buckling in compression direction add stieners end conditions a) awa rom connection - ull section eective b) high shear onl web eective Steel Construction 15 Steel Construction 16 4

5 end conditions bearing c) bolt holes less material provide adequate area d) local web buckling prevent local ield o lange and web Steel Construction 17 Steel Construction 18 connections welds bolts Steel Design Open Web Joists SJI: Vulcrat: K Series (Standard) 8-30 deep, spans 8-50 t LH Series (Long span) deep, spans 5-96 t DLH (Deep Long Spans) 5-7 deep, spans t SLH (Long spans with high strength steel) pitched top chord deep, spans t Steel Construction 19 Steel Construction 0 5

6 Steel Design Open Web Joists Steel Design Open Web Joists load or live load delection limit in RD total in BLACK load or live load delection limit (L/360) in RD total in BLACK Steel Construction 1 Steel Construction Applied Architectural Structures Steel Beam Design American Institute o Steel Construction steel grades AST A36 carbon plates, angles = 36 ksi & u = 58 ksi AST A57 high strength low-allo some beams = 60 ksi & u = 75 ksi AST A99 or building raming most beams = 50 ksi & u = 65 ksi Steel Beam Design AISC: 14 th ed. combined ASD & LRD in one volume in 005 Steel Construction Steel Construction 4 Applied Architectural Structures 01abn 6

7 Uniied Steel Design ASD R a R n Uniied Steel Design braced vs. unbraced bending (braced) = 1.67 bending (unbraced * ) = 1.67 shear = 1.5 or 1.67 shear (bolts & welds) =.00 shear (welds) =.00 * langes in compression can buckle Steel Construction 5 Applied Architectural Structures Steel Construction 6 Applied Architectural Structures 01abn LRD Steel Beam Design limit state is ielding all across section outside elastic range load actors & resistance actors = 50ksi Load Tpes D = dead load L = live load L r = live roo load W = wind load S = snow load = earthquake load R = rainwater load or ice water load T = eect o material & temperature Steel Construction 7 Steel Construction 7 7

8 LRD Load Combinations 1.4D 1.D + 1.6L + 0.5(L r or S or R) Steel Construction 9 Applied Architectural Structures ASC-7 (010) 1.D + 1.6(L r or S or R) + (L or 0.5W) 1.D + 1.0W + L + 0.5(L r or S or R) 1.D L + 0.S 0.9D + 1.0W 0.9D has same actor as D in 1-5 and 7 H adds with 1.6 and resists with 0.9 (permanent) 01abn Pure lexure Steel Construction 9 R i i u b n 9 u - maximum moment b - resistance actor or bending = 0.9 n - nominal moment (ultimate capacit) - ield strength o the steel Z - plastic section modulus* 0. Z Internal oments - at ield material hasn t ailed I c bh 6 Internal oments - ALL at ield all parts reach ield plastic hinge orms ultimate moment A tension = A compression b c 6 bc 3 p bc 3 = 50ksi 1 = Steel Construction 30 Steel Construction 31 8

9 n.a. o Section at Plastic Hinge cannot guarantee at centroid Plastic Hinge Development A 1 = A moment ound rom ield stress times moment area A d A d p 1 i i na. Steel Construction 3 Steel Construction 33 Plastic Hinge xamples stabilit can be eected Plastic Section odulus shape actor, k k = 3/ or a rectangle p 1.1 or an I k Z S plastic modulus, Z Z p Steel Construction 34 Steel Construction 35 9

10 Shear i R i = V u v V n = 1.0(0.6 w A w ) V u - maximum shear v - resistance actor or shear = 1.0 V n - nominal shear w - ield strength o the steel in the web A w - area o the web = t w d lexure Design limit states or beam ailure 1. ielding. lateral-torsional buckling* 3. lange local buckling 4. web local buckling minimum n governs L R i i u b n p 1.76r Steel Construction 36 Steel Construction 38 Compact Sections plastic moment can orm beore an buckling criteria and b t Steel Construction 39 h t c w Lateral Torsional Buckling Steel Construction 40 C b n C. 5 moment based on b lateral buckling p max 1. 5 max 3 4 C b = modiication actor max - max moment, unbraced segment A - moment, 1/4 point B = moment, center point C = moment, 3/4 point A B 3 C 10

11 Beam Design Charts Delection Limits based on service condition no impairment to serviceabilit avoid ponding L/360 due to live load or beams & girders supporting plaster (service) Steel Construction 41 Steel Construction 40 Steel Arches and rames solid sections or open web Steel Shell and Cable Structures Steel Construction abn Steel Construction 4 11

12 Approximate Depths Uniied Column Design limit states or ailure P c 1. ielding. buckling KL r KL r n P e elastic buckling stress (uler) cr A g or e or e P a u P P n c n Steel Construction 43 Steel Construction 46 Uniied Column Design P n = cr A g or KL r or KL r where e cr KL r cr e e Procedure or Analsis 1. calculate KL/r biggest o KL/r with respect to x axes and axis. ind cr rom appropriate equation tables are available 3. compute P n = cr A g or ind c = P a /A or P u /A 4. is P a P n / or P u P n? es: ok no: insuicient capacit and no good Steel Construction 47 Steel Construction 48 1

13 Procedure or Design 1. guess a size (pick a section). calculate KL/r biggest o KL/r with respect to x axes and axis 3. ind cr rom appropriate equations or ind a table 4. compute P n = cr A g or ind c = P a /A or P u /A Procedure or Design (cont d) 5. is P a P n / or P u P n? es: ok no: pick a bigger section and go back to step. 6. check design eicienc percentage o stress = Pr 100% P c i between %: good i < 90%: pick a smaller section and go back to step. Steel Construction 49 Steel Construction 50 Column Tables Beam-Column Design moment magniication (P-) m B B 1 1 1( P P ) u max actored C u e1 C m modiication actor or end conditions Steel Construction 51 Steel Construction 5 = ( 1 / ) or 0.85 restrained, 1.00 unrestrained P e 1 P e1 uler buckling strength A Kl r 13

14 Beam-Column Design LRD (Uniied) Steel or P P 8 r u 0. : P cpn 9 c b or Pr P 0. : u P c P c n b P r is required, P c is capacit b c - resistance actor or compression = 0.9 b - resistance actor or bending = 0.9 ux ux nx nx b u u n n Construction Supervision proper grade material high strength bolts qualit welds proper bolted conditions (ex. sc) abrication and erection o steel rame connection details Steel Construction 53 Steel Construction 57 14

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