Anatomy of a Slip, Trip, and Fall Wisconsin Safety Council

Transcription

1 Anatomy of a Slip, Trip, and Fall Wisconsin Safety Council Steve Pautz Senior Control Consultant Aon Risk Solutions Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October 2016 Agenda I. What Does the Data Tell Us? II. Anatomy of a Slip III. Anatomy of a Trip IV. Anatomy of a Fall V. Prevention Through Design VI. Measuring Slip Resistance VII. What Can Be Done for You? Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October All Aon Risk Solutions services are purely advisory and for the purpose of assisting clients in risk control and safety procedures. This presentation is the result of information available to us at the time and does not purport to refer to or guarantee compliance with local, state or federal regulations which may be applicable to such practice and conditions. This presentation should not be considered a definitive listing of all hazards nor an absolute solution to all hazards. No responsibility for the implementation, management and operation of risk control and safety procedures is assumed by Aon. Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

2 Why is This an Important Topic? Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October 2016 Importance I. OSHA a) Fall Protection Standard (Construction) b) Walking Working Surfaces Standard (GI) c) 5(a)(1) General Duty Clause II. Data Continues to Indicate Issues III. Personal Experiences IV. General Public Safety Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October What Does the Data Tell Us? Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

3 What Does the Data Tell Us? Aon General Policy Year Slip Trip Fall Cause Metrics Baseline Average Claim Costs $$ (By Industry) Overall $ Ave Agriculture $12,436 Business Services $14,188 Construction $17,673 Education $9,463 Healthcare $8,066 Leisure and Hospitality $8,488 Manufacturing Chemical $12,981 Manufacturing Durable $11,764 Manufacturing - Food and Beverage $13,697 Municipality/Public Entity $12,342 Natural Resources and Mining $20,338 Professional and Financial Services $9,469 Retail $9,838 Transportation $15,416 Utilities $22,523 Wholesale/Distribution $11,934 All Industries - considered together $12,436 Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October What Does the Data Tell Us? Aon General Policy Year Slip Trip Fall Cause Metrics Baseline Frequency Impact %(By Industry) Overall $ Ave Agriculture 18.3% Business Services 21.5% Construction 14.7% Education 29.6% Healthcare 20.4% Leisure and Hospitality 24.1% Manufacturing Chemical 14.4% Manufacturing Durable 14.2% Manufacturing - Food and Beverage 17.2% Municipality/Public Entity 16.2% Natural Resources and Mining 16.0% Professional and Financial Services 31.3% Retail 18.7% Transportation 17.3% Utilities 22.7% Wholesale/Distribution 15.8% All Industries - considered together 18.3% Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October What Does the Data Tell Us? Aon General Policy Year Slip Trip Fall Cause Metrics Baseline Severity Impact %(By Industry) Overall $ Ave Agriculture 26.2% Business Services 30.5% Construction 22.0% Education 45.3% Healthcare 29.5% Leisure and Hospitality 38.9% Manufacturing Chemical 19.9% Manufacturing Durable 19.3% Manufacturing - Food and Beverage 23.7% Municipality/Public Entity 18.2% Natural Resources and Mining 24.8% Professional and Financial Services 39.1% Retail 30.0% Transportation 22.1% Utilities 30.8% Wholesale/Distribution 19.7% All Industries - considered together 26.2% Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

4 What Does the Data Tell Us? Wisconsin Education Policy Year Total Incurred, Total Claim Count, and Average Total Total Incurred % Of Grand Total % Of Grand Total Total Total Claim Total Claim Incurred Count Count AvgTotal Incurred Group Allergic Reaction, Chemical Contact, Hearing Loss, Occupation Disease $68,622 1% 50 2% $1,372 Assault, Robbery $738,394 6% 158 8% $4,673 Burn, Electric Contact $53,347 0% 29 1% $1,840 Caught in, machine, tool, struck by $1,016,272 8% % $2,074 Exposure to Body Fluid, Needle Stick, Bite by Human $376,319 3% 128 6% $2,940 Manual Material Handling / Repetitive Motion $3,500,484 27% % $9,670 Miscellaneous, Unknown $254,885 2% 53 3% $4,809 Motor Vehicle $66,963 1% 13 1% $5,151 Resident Transfer / Assist $152,355 1% 25 1% $6,094 Resident/Patient-Combative $404,181 3% 81 4% $4,990 Slip Trip Fall $6,332,893 49% % $9,466 Grand Total: $12,964,714 2,058 $6,300 Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October What Does the Data Tell Us? Wisconsin Education Policy Year Average Total Incurred & Claim Count Average Total Incurred $12,000 $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $9,466 $9,670 $6,094 $4,673 $4,809 $5,151 $4,990 $2,940 $1,840 $1,372 $2, Total Claim Count $0 0 Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Slip, Trip, Fall How They Are Happening Wisconsin Education Policy Year Total Incurred, Total Claim Count, and Average Total Incurred % Of Grand Total % Of Grand Total Total Total Total Claim Total Claim AvgTotal Description Incurred Incurred Count Count Incurred Fall-Different Level $278,885 4% 50 7% $5,578 Fall-Ladder or Scaffolding $253,132 4% 17 3% $14,890 Fall-on Snow or Ice $1,318,134 21% % $11,665 Fall-Slip Trip on Same Level $2,976,636 47% % $9,075 Fall-Stairs $572,397 9% 74 11% $7,735 Jumping $171,565 3% 16 2% $10,723 Walking/Running (non specific) $762,144 12% 71 11% $10,734 Grand Total: $6,332, $9,466 Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

5 Slip, Trip, Fall How They Are Happening Average Total Incurred $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 $5,578 Slip Trip Fall Wisconsin Education Policy Year Average Total Incurred & Claim Count $14,890 $11,665 $9,075 $7,735 $10,723 $10, Total Claim Count Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Slip, Trip, Fall When They Are Happening Slip Trip Fall Wisconsin Education Policy Year Total Incurred, Total Claim Count, and Average Total Incurred by Accident Month % Of Grand Total % Of Grand Total Total Total Total Claim Total Claim AvgTotal Accident Month Incurred Incurred Count Count Incurred January $1,360,684 21% 93 14% $14,631 February $1,013,695 16% 93 14% $10,900 March $566,762 9% 69 10% $8,214 April $640,409 10% 48 7% $13,342 May $599,063 9% 56 8% $10,698 June $206,354 3% 31 5% $6,657 July $192,895 3% 30 4% $6,430 August $334,986 5% 32 5% $10,468 September $412,736 7% 56 8% $7,370 October $352,264 6% 51 8% $6,907 November $373,197 6% 60 9% $6,220 December $279,848 4% 50 7% $5,597 Grand Total: $6,332, $9,466 Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Slip, Trip, Fall When They Are Happening Average Total Incurred $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 Slip Trip Fall Wisconsin Education Policy Year Average Total Incurred & Claim Count $14,631 $13,342 $10,900 $8,214 $10,698 $6,657 $6,430 $10,468 $7,370 $6,907 $6,220 $5, Total Claim Count Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

6 Frequency of Slips, Trips, and Falls Slips, trips & falls make up a majority of general industry accidents (USDoL) 15% of all accidental deaths; 2 nd leading cause behind motor vehicles ~12,000/year One of most frequently-reported injuries ~25% of reported claims/year Over 17% of all disabling occupational injuries result from falls Most could have been prevented Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Human Factors Increasing Risk Failing eyesight and/or visual perception Physical condition & fatigue Stress or illness Medications, alcohol & drug effects Hurry, hurry, hurry! Age Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October The Aging of America By 2032, there will be more people over 64 than children under 15 The over 64 portion of the population is the fastest growing segment at a rate of 120% by 2050: compared to 35% for children under 15 and 28% for adults 15 to 64. Men who reach 65 this year can expect to live another 17 years and women can expect another 19 years. Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

7 The Aging of America Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October The Aging of America Aging of America and Slips, Trips, and Falls Aging populations probably will cause STF issues to get worse By 2050, 25% of population will be over age 60 1/3 of people over 65 fall at least once per year Falls account for 87% of all fractures in those over 65 Data Conclusions The population of the United States is going to grow older STF happen more frequently to older individuals STF will be an increasing issue for the workforce Technology and daily pressures will continue to encourage our hectic ways Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Anatomy of a Slip Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

8 Anatomy of a Slip Static Coefficient of Friction (SCOF) The force required to initiate relative motion between an object and a surface it is resting on. According to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) terminology, SCOF is the ratio of the force required to move the object to its mass. That is, if it takes five pounds of horizontal force to move a ten-pound block resting on a floor, the SCOF is.50. Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Causes of Slips Wet product or spills on smooth floors or walking surfaces Water/ liquids Mud Grease Oil Food Dry product or spills making walking surface slippery Dusts Powders Granules Wood Plastic wrapping Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Causes of Slips Sloped walking surfaces Loose, unanchored rugs or mats Loose floorboards or shifting tiles Ramps without skid- or slip-resistant surfaces Shoe construction and maintenance Highly-polished floors can be slick even when dry Concrete Marble Ceramic tile Freshly-waxed surfaces Transitioning from one surface to another Carpet to vinyl Vinyl to tile Grid to smooth concrete Asphalt to concrete Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

9 Anatomy of a Trip Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Anatomy of a Trip Static Coefficient of Friction (SCOF) The force required to initiate relative motion between an object and a surface it is resting on. According to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) terminology, SCOF is the ratio of the force required to move the object to its mass. That is, if it takes five pounds of horizontal force to move a ten-pound block resting on a floor, the SCOF is.50. Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Causes of Trips Uncovered hoses, cables, wires or extension cords across aisles or walkways Clutter, obstacles in aisles, walkway & work areas Open cabinet, file or desk drawers & doors Changes in elevation or levels Unmarked steps or ramps Rumpled or rolled-up carpets/mats or carpets with curled edges Irregularities in walking surfaces Thresholds or gaps Missing or uneven floor tiles & bricks Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

10 Causes of Trips Damaged steps Non-uniform, improper or irregular steps Taller or shorter Shallower tread depth Otherwise irregular Tread Riser Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Causes of Trips Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Causes of Trips Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

11 Causes of Trips Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Causes of Trips Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Anatomy of a Fall Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

12 Causes of Falls Stairs Inadequate stairway visibility Inadequate or no handrail Handrail at improper height Improper tread or riser dimensions Tread visibility or surface material Objects on stairs or landings Behaviors Hurrying, running, slow gait Not paying attention, distraction Playing on stairs Carrying things Misjudging number of steps Misjudging location of nosing Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Prevention Through Design Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Prevention Though Design (PtD) Top 5 Reasons for selecting a specific flooring material. 1. Appearance 2. Cost 3. Ease of Maintenance 4. Durability 5. Safety Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

13 Floor Design and Composition When choosing flooring, determine: What kinds of spills are likely? What are the sanitary requirements? Is noise a concern? Will the area have heavy traffic? Is it normally a wet environment? Also: What equipment must the floor hold? How will the floor be cleaned? Are aesthetic effects a concern? Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October For Existing Buildings Slip-resistant Floor Coverings Cost-effective solution for inherently slippery floor Increases traction Visually pleasing Floor Mats Traps moisture and debris Scrapes and absorbs moisture, snow and sand from footwear Reduces floor maintenance costs by protecting the floor surface and finish Need mats that both abrade and absorb Mats of sufficient running length and width Snow: walking steps Rain: 8-10 walking steps Dry: 6-8 walking steps Quick exchange of mats when wet or dirty Should be contrasting color to floor and affixed so as not to create another fall hazard Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Floor Mats Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

14 New Construction ANSI A117.1 Specifications for Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to, and Usable by, Physically Handicapped ANSI A Provision of Slip Resistance on Walking/Working Surfaces ANSI B101 Safety Requirements for Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Americans with Disabilities Act, Public Law , revised 7/23/2004 OSHA General Industry Standard Subpart D NFPA 101 (2004) Life Safety Code ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM C (test method for ceramic tiles) D (test method for coatings using James machine) F (test method for sole and heel material using James) F (test method using English XL) Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Measuring Slip Resistance Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Slip Resistance Index Slip Index (Slip Resistance Index) or Static Coefficient of Friction Generally considered safe with a reading of.50 or higher. Surface safety is not necessarily determined by the Slip Index Usually a localized spot is slipperier than the rest of the floor Mostly dry surfaces are generally safe wet with water or with other substances makes most walking surfaces dangerous Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

15 Slip Meters to Obtain Coefficient of Friction HPS Slip Meter English XL Brungraber Mark II Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Slip Resistance Index The Measure of Friction or Resistance Between Two Surfaces 0.5 or Above = Slip Resistant = Slippery = Very Slippery = Unusually Slippery Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October What Can Be Done for You? Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

16 Prevention Program Analyze Losses Analyze Exposures Obtain and Maintain Management Commitment and Policies Implement Best Practices & Appropriate Programs Monitor Results Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Slip Trip and Fall Manual Campaigns Tread Safely This Winter C.L.I.M.B. Safely Get a Grip Stairs Slip Trip & Fall Prevention Who Looks at the Bottom of Shoes? See Your Path Trip & Fall Prevention Supplements Slip, Trip & Fall Hazard Assessment Checklist Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Keys to Success 1. Establish Clearly Written Policies and Practices. 2. Management Commitment To Safety / Risk Reduction. 3. Engineer Hazards Out When Possible 4. Regular Frequent Inspections 5. Encourage Employee Involvement 6. Awareness / Safety Training 7. Require Proper Footwear 8. Report and Investigate all Accidents and Near Misses Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October

17 What Can You Do? Be aware of hazards and behaviors (yours and those of others) Address hazard NOW! Correct or report immediately Assist with any accident response as appropriate Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October Questions? Steve Pautz Senior Consultant Aon Risk Solutions Proprietary Unauthorized Use Prohibited October