MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS BY INCORPORATING SLUDGE AND SUGARCANE PRESSMUD

Transcription

1 MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS BY INCORPORATING SLUDGE AND SUGARCANE PRESSMUD Revathi.V1, Thamaraiselvi.A2, P.Saranya 3 Students, 3Asst.Professor, Department Of Civil Engineering, IFET College Of Engineering, Villupuram 1, 2. ABSTRACT semisolids residuals generation as a byproduct of water treatment. Generally sludge contains.25-12% solids by weight, depending on the operation and the processes used. The sludgetreatment/disposal signifies 5% of the capital and operation costs of wastewater treatment plant. Sludge can become a problem if they are improperly managed or disposed off. It may causes three impacts on the environment in different phases such as the gaseous, liquid and solid. Influence on the percolating water result in the grounds water contaminant. Influence on quality of the soil in the area. Bricks are the major concern building material used for constructional purpose. In earlier days mud blocks were used and nowadays clay bricks were being used. In the manufacturing of clay bricks the CO2 emission is more since they are burned and the clay is also exhausting. Many attempts have been made to overcome these problems. So the industrial waste materials and the by products are used in the manufacturing of bricks. Here we have incorporated the municipal sewage treatment plant sludge (STP) and the sugarcane pressmud/filter cake along with fly ash and lime to get the better binding and compressive strength. The bricks are made without burning so the CO2 emission is controlled. The pressmud is a material which is obtained from the clarification of sugar. The disposal of these waste into the environment causes the land pollution so the attempt made will be a better solution for this problem. The municipal sewage sludge and sugarcane pressmud/filter cake are added at different percentages such as,, 2 and 25.The test were conducted and the optimum percentage is obtained. Keywords: strength. Sludge, Pressmud, Influence on the nearby environment by eventual problems of odor nuisance. The sludge, flyash and pressmud are basically a waste material which can be converted to useful constructional material with least amount of investment. It helps in providing the low cost housing. In sugar mills, sugar is produced through several processes and yields many solid waste in the production. The major byproducts of the sugar industry are Bagasse, Molasses and Pressmud /Filter press cake. Pressmud is a byproduct obtained from the clarification process of sugarcane juice, raw juice has non-sugar contaminants are removed using a mixture of chemical reactants such as sulfur and lime. For every tons of crushed sugarcane 3.3 tons of filter cake remain as a byproduct. The main chemical component of pressmud is. Compressive 1. INTRODUCTION Bricks have been used for more centuries. The present investigation, an attempt made with mixing municipal sewage treatment plant sludge and sugarcane pressmud with other constituents. Biologically degradable and non-degradable organic and inorganic pollutions present in the wastewater in soluble, colloidal or suspended form are removed by various methods in treatment plants. The suspended solids and certaindissolved solids that present in the wastewater as well as the ones which are added or cultural by wastewater process, are suspended in the form of settleable solids. Thus, sludge is the solids, liquids or 2. MATERIALS AND MEHODS I. MATERIALS Municipal sewage treatment plant sludge: Sludge refers to waste semi solid material obtained from the treatment process. Here sludge is used along with flyash to give better strength. 1 Page 52

2 Table 1 Major constituents of STP Sludge Elements Na2O % Elements % SO Fig 2 Fly ash Pressmud: Pressmud is also known as filter cake obtained from the clarification process of sugar. Table3: Major constituents of pressmud Fig 1 STP Sludge Fig 3 Pressmud Flyash: Lime: Flyash is the ash produced from the combustion of coal or lignite. It is a puzzolanic material helps in gaining of strength with lime. Lime is used in the powdered form to get the better binding and strength. Table 2 Major constituents of flyash Elements Na2O % Fig 4 lime 2 Page 53

3 between the plates of the testing machine. The axial load is applied at uniform rate until the brick gets failure. Water: The normal water is used for the making of bricks. METHODOLOGY Collection of Materials Fig 5 compression testing of brick Drying of STP Sludge and Pressmud The compressive strength of the brick is obtained by using the formula, Compressive strength=maximum load at failure/ average area of the surface. Sieving of sludge and pressmud Efflorescence test: Moulding of bricks The efflorescence test of the brick is conducted by placing the end of the brick in the dish and the distilled water is filled upto the depth of 25mm.The whole arrangement is made in the room temperature with well-ventilated room until all water in the dish is absorbed by the brick and the surface water evaporate. The dish is covered inorder to reduce excess evaporation. When the water is absorbed the bricks appeared to be dry, place a similar quantity in the dish allows it to evaporate as made before. The efflorescence is obtained after second evaporation is made. Drying of bricks in air for 3 days Water cured for 7-14 days by spraying of water Testing of bricks Nil- No observable deposit of efflorescence. Slight-Less than % area of bricks covered a thin deposit of salt. 3. TESTNG OF BRICKS Moderate-Covering upto 5% area of the brick. The test are conducted based on the Indian Standard Codes. The code books are Heavy-Covering 5% or more area of the brick. Water absorption test: IS-3495 Part- 1:1992(Compressibility test) IS-3495 Part-2:1992(Water Absorption test) IS-3495 Part-3:1992(Efflorescence test) Dry the brick in an oven at a temperature of 5-1 C, cool the brick to the room temperature and it is weighed().then immersed the dry brick in water completely at room temperature for 24hrs and remove the brick from the water and wipe out the traces of water with a cloth and the brick is weighed(). Compressibility test: To determine the compressive strength of bricks. The compressive strength of bricks are obtained by placing the brick on the flat horizontal surface 3 Page 54

4 Water absorption= (-)/ () X Water Absorption % Soundness test: 5 The two bricks are taken and made struck with each other. Brick of good quality should not break and produce a ringing sound. MIX PROPORTION OF BRICK SAMPLES Graph3: showing water absorption % 4. RESULT 5. CONCLUSION The better compressive strength of the brick is obtained at the percentage of adding sludge-%, pressmud - %, lime -% and flyash-55%. The compressive strength of the brick is 9.63N/mm2.The water absorption is 7% which should be less than 2%.On adding more amount of sludge and pressmud it reduces the strength of the bricks it just occupies the space as filler. The following graph shows the compressive strength of bricks at 7th and 14th days and the percentage of water absorption. The waste materials are used in an effective way for making bricks.there is slight efflorescence in the brick and they have better compressive strength at % sludge, pressmud, lime and 55% of fly ash. The bricks made are light in weight. The environment pollution are also reduced. 14 Days Compressive strength N/mm2 2 Fig 6Brick samples Graph 1: showing 14 day compression strength Mix Sludge % % % 2 % 25 REFERENCES 7 Days Compressive strength N/mm Pressmud 2 25 Flyash Lime 1.Badr E1 Din E.Hegazy,HananA.Fouad and Ahmed M.Hassana in Brick manufacturing from water treatment sludge and rice husk ash Australian journal of Basic and Applied sciences. 2. Sandeep yadav, SuyashAgniyotri Incorporation of STP Sludge and Flyash in Brick manufacturing. Graph 2: showing 7 day compression strength 3. Pavagadhi Swati. C,BhargavDivyang.H Use of Sewage Sludge Waste as Ingredient in making of bricks. 4. PuttarajMallikarjunaHiremath, Shanmuga Shetty Utilization of waste plastic in manufacturing of Plastic-Soil Bricks. 5.S.P.Raut,R.Ralegeonkar Utilization of recycle paper mill residue and rice husk ash in production of lightweight bricks. 4 Page 55

5 6.MissShutakiriti A. Mahajan Utilization of waste sludge in Bick manufacturing. 7.Bricks Manufactured From Sludge - Joo-HwaTay. 8.Incorporation of STP Sludge and Fly ash in Brick Manufacturing:An attempt to save the Environment-Sandeep Yadav, SuyashAgnihotri, Shivam Gupta, Rishabh Kumar Tripathi. 9. Effect of incinerated sugarcane filter cake on the properties of self compacting concrete-gritsadasua-iam, NattMakul. 5 Page 56