Passive House Solutions

Transcription

1 Passive House Solutions Brandon Nicholson, AIA, CPHD, LEED AP BD+C Founding Principal, Nicholson Kovalchick (NK) Architects

2 THE PROBLEM U.S.A. is #1 Comparing CO2 Emissions

3 THE PROBLEM Americans Big Impact Annual Per Capita CO 2 Emissions

4 THE PROBLEM Buildings Big Impact U.S.A. CO 2 Emissions by Sector (2010)

5 THE SOLUTION Building Energy Usage Annual Site Energy Usage

6 THE SOLUTION Passive House Energy Use Typical Passive House Multifamily

7 THE SOLUTION Passive House Energy Use Typical Passive House Office

8 We Need Ambition We Need Scale

9 SCALE PASSIVE HOUSE AMBITION

10 PASSIVE HOUSE NK Architects Design Staff Most CPHCs and CPHDs in North America.

11 PASSIVE HOUSE PORTFOLIO Park Passive

12 PASSIVE HOUSE PORTFOLIO Pax Futura

13 PASSIVE HOUSE PORTFOLIO 320 Queen Anne

14 PASSIVE HOUSE PORTFOLIO 11 th & Republican

15 PASSIVE HOUSE PORTFOLIO Hillandale

16 PASSIVE HOUSE PORTFOLIO Hillandale

17 PASSIVE HOUSE PORTFOLIO Glassport Retirement Residence

18 PASSIVE HOUSE PORTFOLIO Morningside Crossing

19 PASSIVE HOUSE PORTFOLIO Carrick Library

20 PASSIVE HOUSE What is it? 1. A Science-Based Building Philosophy 2. A Means to Hit the Target

21 PASSIVE HOUSE Philosophy #1 Plan First. DRAW THERMAL AND AIR BARRIER.

22 PASSIVE HOUSE Philosophy #2 Model Early & Often. DASHBOARD.

23 PASSIVE HOUSE Philosophy #3 Optimize Every System.

24 PASSIVE HOUSE Philosophy #4 Standardize & Repeat. ESPECIALLY COMPLICATED DETAILS.

25 PASSIVE HOUSE Philosophy #5 Substitution, Not Addition.

26 PASSIVE HOUSE Philosophy #6 Train Your Contractors. SHARE THE PHILOSOPHY.

27 PASSIVE HOUSE Philosophy #7 Right People for the Job. ONLY PASSIVE HOUSE-TRAINED STAFF ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DESIGN.

28 PASSIVE HOUSE Philosophy #8 Pay for the Envelope with Mechanical Savings.

29 PASSIVE HOUSE Philosophy #9 Keep the Wall on the Warm Side.

30 PASSIVE HOUSE Unit-by-Unit Independent.

31 PASSIVE HOUSE Floor-by-Floor Neighborhood.

32 PASSIVE HOUSE Whole Building Global.

33 PASSIVE HOUSE Model Matches Performance Predictable Results Passive House vs. Non-Passive House Energy Consumption

34 PASSIVE HOUSE Health and Happiness Relative Performance between: PHIUS Passive House, ENERGY STAR, Conventional buildings (US D.O.E.)

35 PASSIVE HOUSE Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Monitoring of UK Schools. IAQ Supports Learning.

36 PASSIVE HOUSE Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Monitoring of UK Schools. IAQ Supports Learning.

37 PASSIVE HOUSE PHFA Data: Cost Comparable? 179 Projects Proposed to Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency, Projected Construction Cost

38 PASSIVE HOUSE PHFA Data: Cost Comparable? 59 Passive House Projects Proposed to PHFA, Passive House vs. Conventional Less than 2% Difference in Construction Cost.

39 PASSIVE HOUSE PHFA Data: Cost Comparable? 18 Passive House Projects Awarded by PHFA,

40 NK ARCHITECTS EcoProforma

41 PASSIVE HOUSE Verification Page PHPP Sample results from Passive House Planning Package (PHPP)

42 PASSIVE HOUSE Energy Modeling PHPP PHPP Sheets

43 PASSIVE HOUSE Organizations

44 PASSIVE HOUSE Science Based Passive House is Building Physics

45 PASSIVE HOUSE Magic of the Heat Pump Phase Change Photo Courtesy of Max Monty

46 PASSIVE HOUSE Magic of the Heat Pump Phase Change the Refrigeration Cycle

47 PASSIVE HOUSE Optimizing The Parts 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: WALLS AIR SEALING THERMAL BREAKS WINDOWS HVAC HOT WATER

48 1: WALLS

49 WALLS Moisture Drive Exterior and Interior Risk Sources

50 WALLS Moisture Drive Theory Moisture drive seeking equilibrium

51 WALLS Moisture Drive: Winter Moisture drive seeking equilibrium Wall assemblies are where moisture equilibrium is maintained

52 WALLS Moisture Drive: Summer Moisture drive seeking equilibrium Wall assemblies are where moisture equilibrium is maintained

53 WALLS Evolution of a Wall Understanding the Ideal Wall

54 WALLS Standard Steel Stud

55 WALLS Code Compliant Steel Stud

56 WALLS Hybrid Steel Stud

57 WALLS Ideal Wall Steel studs

58 WALLS Brick Retrofit Typical Brick Retrofit Wall Assembly (Vapor Open) Exist. Masonry Wall Proper shedding of water reduces the risk of freeze-thaw damage: repair and repoint to shed water and make windtight Masonry Treatment Lime plaster on exist. brick, liquid applied membrane, and/or repointing Dense Pack insulation Airtight membrane & smart vapor retarder Service cavity w/ optional insulation 2X3 Horizontal battens SECTION Masonry Treatment 2x Studs Exist. Masonry Wall Dense Pack Insulation Airtight membrane & smart vapor retarder Service cavity w/ optional insulation Interior Finish PLAN

59 WALLS Brick Retrofit Typical Brick Retrofit Wall Assembly (Vapor Closed) Exist. Masonry Wall Proper shedding of water reduces the risk of freeze-thaw damage: repair and repoint to shed water and make windtight Masonry Treatment Lime plaster on exist. brick, liquid applied membrane, and/or repointing Closed Cell Spray Foam 1st coat, continuous spray foam serving as primary air barrier Spray Foam Insulation 2nd coat SECTION Masonry Treatment 2x Studs Exist. Masonry Wall Closed Cell Spray Foam Spray Foam Insulation Interior Finish PLAN

60 WALLS Ideal Wall with Rockwool

61 WALLS Ideal Wall with EIFS Exterior Insulation Finishing System

62 WALLS Ideal Wall with Cork

63 2: AIR SEALING

64 AIR SEALING Avoid Building Failure

65 AIR SEALING Barrier Integrated Sheathing Zip System Sheathing DENSelement

66 x AIR SEALING Taped Sheathing

67 AIR SEALING Fluid Applied Barriers

68 AIR SEALING Fabric Building Wrap

69 AIR SEALING Smart Membranes When internal barrier system is needed.

70 AIR SEALING Blower Door Testing

71 3: THERMAL BREAKS

72 THERMAL BREAKS Thermal Bridge Awareness Understand Psi Values Utilize Software Photo Courtesy of HTFlux

73 THERMAL BREAKS Masonry Shelf Angle Photo Courtesy of Armatherm

74 THERMAL BREAKS Steel to Steel Photo Courtesy of Armatherm

75 THERMAL BREAKS Steel to Steel Photo Courtesy of Armatherm

76 THERMAL BREAKS Balconies Photo Courtesy of Schock

77 THERMAL BREAKS Balconies Photo Courtesy of Schock

78 THERMAL BREAKS Balconies Photo Courtesy of Schock

79 THERMAL BREAKS Steel to Steel

80 4: WINDOWS

81 WINDOWS Objectives 1: Windows should be energy neutral 2: Minimize heat gains in summer 3: Maximize heat gains in winter

82 WINDOWS Over-Glazing P.S. / nkarch.com Photo Courtesy of Airbnb, Vancouver Listing

83 WINDOWS Window Strategies Minimize mullions to improve performance vs.

84 WINDOWS Window Section Anatomy of a high-performance window

85 WINDOWS Shading Strategies

86 WINDOWS Shading Strategies

87 WINDOWS Shading Strategies Decks and Overhangs

88 WINDOWS Shading Strategies Mechanical Louvers Photo Courtesy of Hammer & Hand

89 WINDOWS Shading Strategies Exterior Shades

90 WINDOWS Shading Strategies Exterior Shades

91 WINDOWS High Iron Content Glass Photo Courtesy of George de Kinder

92 WINDOWS High Iron Content Glass

93 WINDOWS Glazing Strategies Window Films

94 WINDOWS Glazing Strategies Window Orientation

95 WINDOWS Shading Strategies Deciduous Trees

96 WINDOWS N East Façade Strategies Free Heat Energy from Morning Sun Morning Sun

97 WINDOWS N East Façade Strategies Vertical Fins Shade Midday Sun Mid-Day Sun Deep Recessed Windows

98 WINDOWS South Façade Strategies Summer Sun High Radiation Exposure Long & Low Horizontal Windows Overhangs, Brise Soleil, and/or Decks N Deep Recessed Windows Deciduous Trees (Summer)

99 WINDOWS South Façade Strategies Winter Sun High Radiation Exposure Long & Low Horizontal Windows Overhangs, Brise Soleil, and/or Decks N Deep Recessed Windows Deciduous Trees (Winter)

100 WINDOWS West Façade Strategies Midday Sun Winter Overheating Risk with Windows Vertical Fins Narrow Vertical Windows N Deep Recessed Windows Deciduous Trees (Winter)

101 WINDOWS West Façade Strategies Evening Sun Overheating Risk with Windows Vertical Fins Narrow Vertical Windows N Deep Recessed Windows Deciduous Trees (Summer)

102 WINDOWS N North Façade Strategies No Shading Devices Necessary Windows will lose more heat than gain

103 WINDOWS N Off-Axis Orientation Avoid 45 degree Angle off of South Axis Hybrid shading solutions are difficult and expensive for controlling unwanted gains on southeast and southwest corners.

104 5: HVAC

105 HVAC Savings Offset Costs Ideally

106 HVAC Conventional Ventilation Conventional Floor-by-Floor HVAC Approach Causes Problems

107 HVAC Conventional (Fantasy) The conventional trickle vent approach is a fantasy.

108 HVAC Conventional Approach Exhaust penetrations leak conditioned air

109 HVAC Conventional (Reality) Conventional, pressurized corridors cause leaks and create problems

110 HVAC Temperature Throttling The conventional approach creates an inefficient surplus of heat that is slowly lost over time.

111 HVAC Thermal Comfort The solution is even temperature consistency.

112 HVAC HRV: Heat Recovery

113 HVAC HRV: Oxygen Rich

114 HVAC HRV: Filtered Fresh

115 HVAC Boost On Demand HRV Boost Mode on Demand

116 HVAC Boost On Demand HRV boost mode on timer.

117 HVAC Simple Comfort Efficient and Elegant design solution.

118 HVAC Heat Pump Heating / Cooling Photo Courtesy of Mitsubishi

119 HVAC Ventilation Solutions HRV Integration

120 HVAC Ventilation Solutions Unit-by-Unit Through-Wall HRV

121 HVAC Ventilation Solutions Through-wall HRV Photo Courtesy of Lunos

122 HVAC Ventilation Solutions Unit-by-Unit Cassette HRV

123 HVAC Ventilation Solutions Cassette HRV P.S. / nkarch.com Photo Courtesy of Panasonic

124 HVAC Ventilation Solutions Floor-by-Floor The only section of ductwork that needs to be insulated is the section that connects the HRV to the exterior wall, as the rest of the ductwork is on the sealed side of the HRV. Fresh Air Stale Air Heat

125 HVAC Ventilation Solutions Floor-by-Floor

126 HVAC Ventilation Solutions Floor-by-Floor Ventilation

127 HVAC Ventilation Solutions Floor-by-Floor Ventilation

128 HVAC Ventilation Solutions Throw Head

129 HVAC Ventilation Solutions Whole Building

130 HVAC Ventilation Solutions Whole Building Ventilation Photo Courtesy of Ventacity

131 HVAC HVAC Solutions Floor-by-Floor Solutions: VRF

132 HVAC HVAC Solutions Whole Building Cassette HRV

133 ELEVATOR Elevator Strategy Problem: Piston Effect

134 ELEVATOR Elevator Strategy Solution: Move elevator and vestibule outside the air barrier Air Barrier

135 ELEVATOR Elevator Strategy Solution: Create a double shaft

136 6: HOT WATER

137 PASSIVE HOUSE Hot Water Typical Passive House Multifamily P.S. / nkarch.com

138 HOT WATER Hot Water Strategy Heat Pump H 2 0 Heaters: Unit-by-Unit or Floor-by-Floor Photo Courtesy of Stiebel Eltron

139 HOT WATER Hot Water Strategy Electric on Demand: Unit-by-Unit Photo Courtesy of Stiebel Eltron

140 HOT WATER Hot Water Strategy Heat Pump H 2 0 Heaters: Unit-by-Unit

141 HOT WATER Hot Water Strategy Heat Pump H 2 0 Heaters: Floor-by-Floor

142 HOT WATER Hot Water Strategy Electric On-Demand Heaters: Unit-by-Unit

143 WASHER/DRYER Laundry Strategy Conventional Approach

144 WASHER/DRYER Laundry Strategy Community Laundry Ideally Out Side of Thermal / Air Tight Envelope

145 WASHER/DRYER Laundry Strategy Community Laundry

146 WASHER/DRYER Laundry Strategy Condensing Dryer.

147 WASHER/DRYER Laundry Strategy Heat Pump Dryer

148 APPLIANCES

149 APPLIANCES Condensing Dryer Photo Courtesy of Electrolux

150 APPLIANCES Heat Pump Dryer Photo Courtesy of Bosch

151 APPLIANCES Heat Pump Dryer Stacking units Photo Courtesy of Bosch

152 APPLIANCES Cooking Induction Range Photo Courtesy of Bosch

153 APPLIANCES Dishwashing Dishwasher without heating coil Photo Courtesy of Bosch

154 APPLIANCES Dishwashing Dishwasher without heating coil

155 APPLIANCES Lighting LEDs Reduce Energy Consumption and Interior Heat Gains

156 APPLIANCES Refrigeration Avoid through-door ice and water dispensers Photo Courtesy of GE

157 HOT WATER Swimming Pool Strategy

158 Thank you.

159 MORNINGSIDE CROSSING 3 Buildings in Wing 1897 School 1929 Addition

160 MORNINGSIDE CROSSING 3 Wall Sections

161 MORNINGSIDE CROSSING 1897 Wall

162 MORNINGSIDE CROSSING 1929 Wall

163 MORNINGSIDE CROSSING 2018 Wall