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8 SPECIFICATION! MATERIAL! METHODOLOGY! WORKMANSHIP copyright Joe Perkins 2018 KEYWORDS! MATERIALITY! RESEARCH! QUALITY! METHODOLOGY! SEQUENCE! COMPETENCE! VAGUENESS! CLARITY! COORDINATED

9 REFINEMENT INCREASES CLIENT BRIEF SITE INSPIRATION CONCEPTUAL DRAWINGS SCALE MATERIALITY SKETCH DETAILS COST ANALYSIS MATERIALS RESEARCH CONSTRUCTION DETAILS BURDEN OF RISK DECREASES BUILDABILITY TENDER COST EVALUATION CONSTRUCTION PRODUCT

10 CONTRACT DOCUMENTS 1 WHERE DRAWINGS 2 WHAT SPECIFICATIONS 3 HOW MUCH BILLS OF QUANTITY/ SCOPE OF WORK 4 FORM OF AGREEMENT (CONTRACT)

11 CONTRACT DRAWINGS! CONVEY COORDINATED 3D VIEW OF PRECISELY WHAT S REQUIRED - GENERAL ARRANGEMENT - CONSTRUCTION DETAILS - SCHEDULES - COVER ALL ELEMENTS SPECIFICATION! HOW THINGS ARE DONE, QUALITY MATERIALS, METHODS AND WORKMANSHIP NBS = NATIONAL BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS HEATHERS BILLS OF QUANTITY! NUMBERS AND QUANTITIES OF ITEMS IN SPEC. AREAS AND VOLUMES! COORDINATED FORM OF AGREEMENT! VERBAL SIGNED TERMS & CONDITIONS STANDARD FORM OF CONTRACT SUCH AS JCLI, JCT OR BALI

12 TERMS & CONDITIONS ADVANTAGES:! SHOULD BE EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND USE! IS A LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT! DISADVANTAGES:! ONLY SUITABLE FOR DOMESTIC CONTRACTS. FOR PUBLIC WORKS CONSIDER JCLI! IF WRITTEN BY THE CONTRACTOR, IT MAY BE DEEMED MORE FAVOURABLE TOWARDS THEM RATHER THAN THE CLIENT.

13 BALI (BRITISH ASSOCIATION OF LANDSCAPE INDUSTRIES) CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT ADVANTAGES:! EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND USE! IS A LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT! DISADVANTAGES:! ONLY SUITABLE FOR DOMESTIC CONTRACTS. FOR PUBLIC WORKS CONSIDER JCLI

14 JCLI (JOINT COUNCIL FOR LANDSCAPE INDUSTRIES) LANDSCAPE WORKS CONTRACT 2008 ADVANTAGES:! STANDARD FORM OF CONTRACT - ONLY CERTAIN CLAUSES CAN BE MODIFIED! FAIR TO ALL PARTIES! DISADVANTAGES:! CONTRACTUAL - MAY BE OFF-PUTTING FOR SOME CLIENTS! REQUIRES UNDERSTANDING TO BE USED EFFECTIVELY

15 WHY SPECIFY?

16 WHY SPECIFY? TO MAKE SURE WE GET WHAT WE WANT TO MAKE SURE WHAT WE WANT IS ACCURATELY PRICED FOR TO MINIMISE THE RISK WE TAKE AS DESIGNERS TO CHECK WE HAVE THOUGHT THROUGH THE DESIGN OF ALL ELEMENTS

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18 RISK

19 DETAIL

20 WHAT IS A SCOPE OF WORK?

21 WHAT IS A SCOPE OF WORK? DEFINES THE LIMIT OF WORK TO BE UNDERTAKEN BY ANY ONE CONTRACTOR SECTIONS SHOULD BE ARRANGED IN LOGICAL SEQUENCE - PRELIMS, EXCAVATIONS, DRAINAGE, ETC IDEALLY, AND CERTAINLY IF A TENDER, SHOULD INCLUDE A BILL OF QUANTITIES SHOULD CROSS-REFERENCE RELEVANT DRAWING NO.S AND SPECIFICATION CLAUSES - COORDINATION

22 ARCHITECT STRUCTURAL ENGINEER M+E ENGINEER CLIENT BUILDING PROJECT MANAGER LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT/ DESIGNER PLANNING ADVISOR QUANTITY SURVEYOR SPECIALISTS IRRIGATION LANDSCAPE MANAGERS ECOLOGY SOILS DESIGN TEAMS 1

23 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT/GARDEN DESIGNER ECOLOGIST ARBORICULTURIST CLIENT LANDSCAPE QUANTITY SURVEYOR PLANNING ADVISOR LANDSCAPE MANAGER CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEER ARCHITECT DESIGN TEAMS 2

24 GARDEN DESIGNER ECOLOGIST ARBORICULTURIST LANDSCAPE MANAGER CLIENT GARDEN IRRIGATION SPECIALISTS SOILS WATER FEATURES PLANNING ADVISOR ARCHITECT QUANTITY SURVEYOR DESIGN TEAMS 3

25 DESIGN 31% POOR QUALITY CONSTRUCTION 11% POOR INSPECTION 8% REASONS FOR! PROJECT FAILURES MISUSE/NATURAL/ OTHER 23% POOR SPECIFICATION 7% POOR SITE SURVEY & RESEARCH 15% POOR MAINTENANCE 5% DESIGNER: APPROX 60% OF THE BURDEN OF RISK

26 BREAK!

27 SPECIFICATION METHODOLOGY SPECIFIED DETAIL, DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CONSTRUCTION, WORKMANSHIP & MATERIALS OF WORK. MUST BE UNDERTAKEN BY DESIGNER RELATED ITEMS SPECIFICATION DESCRIBES METHODOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS QUALITY OF WORKMANSHIP

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30 TO HELP QS/DESIGNER TO PREPARE B OF Q S FOR COMPETITIVE TENDERING TO HELP CONTRACTOR S ESTIMATOR TO PREPARE A COMPETITIVE TENDER PURPOSE OF SPECIFICATION TO BE READ BY CONTRACTOR S SITE AGENT/ MANAGER DURING PROGRESS OF THE CONTRACT AS THE SPECIFIERS INSTRUCTIONS FOR CARRYING OUT THE WORK FOR DESIGNER TO ENSURE FULL COORDINATION OF SCHEME

31 REALISE THE IMPORTANCE OF THE WORK NECESSARY UNDERSTAND THE SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION UNDERSTAND QUALITY SPECIFICATION WRITER NEEDS TO UNDERSTAND CONSISTENCY REALISE THE PRECISENESS OF AN AGREEMENT CONVEYING EXACTLY TO THE CONTRACTOR WHAT IS WANTED PROTECT THE CLIENT FROM EXTRA PAYMENTS WHICH WOULD ARISE FROM VAGUENESS AND UNCERTAINTY

32 BURDEN OF RISK RESTS WITH SPECIFIER DESCRIBES CONTENT IN A NARRATIVE WAY OFTEN USED FOR BESPOKE ITEMS DESCRIPTIVE SPECIFIER NEEDS CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF STANDARDS USES CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS: BS EN ETC REFERENCED TYPES OF SPECIFICATION OFTEN USED FOR IRRIGATION, WATER FEATURES PROPRIETARY PERFORMANCE SPECIFIER NAMES PRODUCTS OR DEFINES UNIQUENESS END RESULT SPECIFIED RATHER THAN HOW TO ACHIEVE IT LIMITS COMPETITION BURDEN OF RISK RESTS WITH SPECIFIER ALLOWS FOR OPEN COMPETITION BURDEN OF RISK RESTS WITH CONTRACTOR

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36 BS 8000 (WORKMANSHIP ON CONSTRUCTION SITES) CAWS NBS BRE BS EN S JCLI TRADA TRADE BODIES CPIC SGD CONCRETE SOCIETY FELLOW PROFESSIONALS SPECIFICATION WRITERS HELP SOURCES NPS PRECEDENTS TECHNICAL LIBRARIES & BOOKS AS BUILT PROJECTS AND DRAWINGS SUPPLIERS CONTRACTORS - BUILDABILITY & SEQUENCE

37 WRITING STYLE SPECIFICATIONS ARE CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS WRITTEN AS A COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO CONTRACTING PARTIES CLIENT CONTRACTOR CLAUSES SHOULD BE WRITTEN AS DIRECTIVES FROM THE CLIENT TO THE CONTRACTOR CLIENT CONTRACTOR ALSO - CLAUSE SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN AN ACTIVE VOICE: THE CONTRACTOR SHALL. HOWEVER, YOU CAN USE AN ALTERNATIVE PASSIVE VOICE TO DESCRIBE A PRODUCT: THE PRODUCT IS.

38 3 MAIN SOURCES TO MAKE A START (FOR GARDEN DESIGNERS) BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE - 27,000 STANDARDS - COMPLIANT WITH EU STANDARDS (BS EN) NBS LANDSCAPE - 65 WORK SECTIONS - MANUFACTURERS LINKS & INFO - USER CONTENT GUIDANCE SGD HEATHER SPEC - 24 SECTION DIVISIONS - LANDSCAPE FOCUSSED

39 HEATHER S SPECIFICATION 2012 EXTRACT! PAVING...! B7 Pavings and steps 50...! B!!! Hard landscape - Workmanship and materials... B7 Pavings and steps B700: SITE CLEARANCE ETC. See specification clauses: B205 for site clearance; B210 for removal and storage of existing topsoil; B255 for herbicide beneath sub-base.! B702 LEVELS: make up levels as necessary in accordance with specification clauses B220 and B250.! B705 GRANULAR SUB-BASE see specification clause B260, B261 and B265! B708 BLINDING see specification clause B268! B720 RIGID BRICK PAVING for... (location) Drawing No.. Brick Manufacturer and Reference:... Brick size:... Bond pattern:..! Granular sub-base: as specification clause B260. Thickness: 100mm Base: Concrete to Section B3 Base Thickness...mm Cement mortar bedding thickness: 25mm, mix: 1 : 4 with appropriate plasticiser. Mortar joint mix:... Joint profile:... Bay size:... Expansion joints:. B725 LAYING RIGID BRICK PAVING Set out bond to give uniform joint width. Butter bed and joint faces of bricks and bed firmly on a bed of fresh mortar of plastic consistency. Tool joints to specified profile and clean off brick surface. Protect with polythene from weather and traffic for 4 days minimum.! B730 CLAY BRICK / CONCRETE BLOCK FLEXIBLE PAVING for... Drawing No.. Granular sub-base material: to specification clause B260. Sub-base thickness:...mm.

40 Landscape Contracts

41 Types of Contract for Landscaping The type of contract chosen for a project should depend on the size, complexity and value of the work required. 1. Contractors own Terms and Conditions / Contract 2. BALI Conditions of Contract 3. JCLI Landscape Works Contract JCT Minor Works 2005

42 Landscape Contracts TRY TO AVOID! 1. Verbal agreement Maybe ok for a small job (up to 1,000) Advantages: no paperwork Disadvantages: Could lead to all sorts of disagreements. 2. Basic written agreement Maybe ok for a slightly larger job (up to 5,000) Advantages: Minimal amount of paperwork required. Could be used as a legally binding document to protect both Client and Contractor. Disadvantages: Without details of a specification it offers very limited protection as a legal document.

43 What should a Contract include? drawings the scope of works /specifications Client obligations Contractor obligations Designer obligations timing of works payment terms & fees schedule defects termination dispute resolution warranties and liabilities insurance

44 Drawings Should include all necessary details for the correct estimation and construction of the works. This may include; survey, masterplan, setting out plans, construction details and planting plans

45 Scope of Works & Specification Form of Contract (BALI, JCLI, JCT Minor Works) Details of preliminaries, such as site sanitation, storage provision, parking, waste disposal methods and any other information that may affect the tender price. Details of materials and construction methods. Keep information accurate and relevant. Avoid contradictions within the documents and between the documents and the drawings. Bill of Quantities, if project is going out to tender. Planting schedule.

46 Client Obligations Read and understand the drawings, specification and contract State what access / working space is to be provided. Are they going to provide welfare facilities? Make payments as set out in the contract.

47 Contractor Obligations To carry out the work in accordance with the contract documents in a professional and workmanlike manner.

48 Designer Obligations To provide accurate drawings and documentation for the carrying out of the works. To communicate with the Client and Contractor. To make decisions when necessary to ensure good progress.

49 Timing of Works Agree a programme of works before commencement on site. Communication over slow progress / application for extensions to the contract period. Additional works will affect any agreed completion date.

50 Payment Terms & Fees Schedule Terms and timing of payments should be specified / agreed within the contract, for example; Payment by instalments at agreed intervals, or payment by valuation of the works requiring certification by Contract Administrator. Deposits and retentions to be agreed in advance.

51 Defects Agree a defects period (usually 12 months for landscaping). Patent Defects- refers to something that is readily observable and evident. These should be corrected immediately (snagging). Latent Defects- refers to something that is present, but not readily detectable, even with reasonable care. A period should be set out in the contract for these to be corrected.

52 Termination A contract may become terminated for the following reasons; A party becomes insolvent. Default by Contractor. Default by Client. Corruption. Read section 6 JCLI.

53 Dispute Resolution Any disputes arising out of, or in connection with, a contract are to be given in writing by the Client or Contractor. Attempts to resolve any disputes are to be made immediately by both parties. If after a given period any disputes have not been resolved then a professional independent Mediator may be appointed.

54 Insurance The Contractor should have: Employers Liability Insurance for a minimum of 10,000,000 Employers liability is a legal liability to pay damages consequent upon bodily injury, illness or disease sustained by any employee in the course of their employment. Employers liability insurance will cover the financial cost of any such claim Public Liabilities Insurance for a minimum of 2,000,000! Public liability is a legal liability to pay damages consequent upon bodily injury, illness or disease sustained by any other person, other than employees, or loss of or damage to their property caused by an individual or business. Public liability insurance provides cover against such claims. All certificates should be produced before the contract is signed.

55 Summary Key points to remember: 1. Make sure everyone has read and understands all drawings and documentation. 2. Make your intentions clear and precise. 3. Maintain good communication at all times with your Contractor. 4. Work together as a team. Problems can be resolved a lot quicker this way.