Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

Transcription

1 Energy Harvesting and Motion Control of Tall Buildings using Tuned Mass Dampers Ahsan Kareem NatHaz Modeling Laboratory University of Notre Dame Indiana, USA

2 Outline Background and Motivation Power Estimation Proposed Solutions: Regenerative TMDs Series TMDs Experimental Demonstration of Simultaneous Vibration and Energy Harvesting 2

3 Outline Background and Motivation Power Estimation Solutions: Regenerative TMDs Series TMDs Experimental Demonstration of Simultaneous Vibration and Energy Harvesting 3

4 Backgrounds- Energy Issue Energy Crisis Environment Concerns Green Energy On Tall Building Solar Wind Three 225KW Wind Turbine CIS Tower 21kW Picture by Solaripedia Bahrain WTC Picture by Gabby Canonizado 4

5 Backgrounds- Energy Issue Self-powered Sensors Lower Power Electronics Wireless sensors [MicroStrain, Inc, 2010] Thermoelectric Harvester 1.8mW Sensor Energy harvesting shoes [Starner et al, 2004] Wireless health monitoring [ Emerson and Micropelt, Inc] 5

6 Backgrounds- Energy Issue Based on the investigation of 234 companies Data source: IDTechEX, Vibration Light Heat Current Energy Harvesting Series3 EI Series2 SCI Research at Small Scale! (<100mW) Before Academic Trend in Vibration Energy Harvesting 6

7 Backgrounds- Structural Vibration Large Wind induced Vibration!!! Hancock Tower Schwartz, 2001

8 Backgrounds- Structural Vibration Mitigating the Vibration 1.Structural Design 2.Aerodynamic Design 3.Auxiliary Damping Size comparison of some civil structures with wind turbines 8

9 Tuned Mass Damper Wind-induced vibration Taipei 101 with tuned mass damper, Taipei 730 tons Pendulum Dampers Video source: Youtube 9

10 Civil Structures with TMDs 600 tons TMD 94 tons TMD Bronx-Whitestone Bridge, New York Trump World Tower, New York 600 tons 2x tons tons TMD Bloomberg Tower, New York Picture by toothpickcity.com and imageshack.com Shanghai World Citicorp Financial Tower, Center New York 10

11 Motivation: Dual Functional TMDs A New Green Building Technology 11

12 Outline Background and Motivation Power Estimation Solutions: Regenerative TMDs Series TMDs Experimental Demonstration of Simultaneous Vibration and Energy Harvesting 12

13 Power Estimation How much is the actual power? 13

14 Power Estimation Den Hartog s optimal tuning rule: 14

15 Power Estimation Name of Structures TMD Frequency Estimated Power Taipei 101, Taipei (1474ft) 730 tons, 0.78% modal mass Hz 74 kw kw CitiGroup Tower, NY One of the 410 eight tons, dampers 2% modal mass 0.16 Hz 43 kw - 67 kw Trump World Tower, NYC 600 tons, 2.8% modal mass Hz 10 kw - 23kW Bloomberg Tower, NYC 600 tons NA NA Chicago Spire, Chicago 1300 tons 0.059, NA 0.2Hz John Hancock Tower, Boston 300 tons tons 0.14Hz NA Shinjuku Park Tower, Tokyo 330 tons NA NA Crystal Tower, Osaka, Japan 180 tons + 360tons, 4.2% in Y, 2.2% in rotation Hz 26 kw - 40kW Chifley Tower, Sydney 400 tons, 2% modal mass 0.25 Hz 27 kw - 42kW Bronx-Whitestone Bridge, NY 94 tons, 0.39% modal mass 0.1 Hz 142 kw-320 kw Figure by Haskett et al.,

16 Power Estimation-Wind Modeling Methodology: Power (KW) White noise Modeling of Wind Speed gy p Wind speed Classic TMD Reduced mass series TMDs Parallel TMDs Wind Force Spectrum Estimation Force spectra Time (Hours) a wind event (Jan/16/2009 Chicago) Transfer Function from Wind Force Performance 76-story benchmark building of 306m height and 42m width 85 k W of power is available for harvesting from TMDs in high wind events of 13.5m/s at 10m standard height.

17 Outline Background and Motivation Power Estimation Solutions: Regenerative TMDs Series TMDs Experimental Demonstration of Simultaneous Vibration and Energy Harvesting 17

18 Dual-functional TMDs General concept: Challenge: low frequency motion Generator Realization: Static Motion Magnification 1. Ball-screw L m R m e m + - u k 1 Power electronics and control J. Scruggs 2. Mechanical Motion Rectifier + Gears L. Zuo

19 Dual-functional Series TMDs Dynamic Motion Magnification Mechanical Method : Double-Mass Series TMD: Dynamic Wind Load K1 K2 Building Seismic Excitation Electrical Method : Damping from harvesting TMD 1 Dynamic Wind Load TMD 2 K1 L C Building Seismic Excitation More effective 375 instead of 730 tons (Taipei 101) 270 instead of 410 tons (Citi Tower) More robust Good for earthquake But large stroke 6X R: Electrical load or ac/dc harvesting circuit TMD Retrofit EM Series TMD: More effective More robust Small stroke 1.2X

20 Outline Background and Motivation Power Estimation Solutions: Regenerative TMDs Series TMDs Experimental Demonstration of Simultaneous Vibration and Energy Harvesting 20

21 Dual-Functional TMD: Experiment 3-story prototype 1 x1 x6, 39 kg First mode 3.2Hz Electricity-Generating TMD Support Structure LED Building TMD Beam Springs Motor/generator Rack-Pinion TMD, 0.68kg 21

22 Dual-Functional TMD: Experiment Resistive Shunt Acceleration force ratio (g/n) Passive Matching (charging circuit shunt) Voltage (V) Effective vibration reduction Peak reduced by 85% Frequency (Hz) Acceleration (g) Time (s) Energy harvesting at the same time Regenerated voltage Current (A) Acceleration Charging current Time (s) Time (s)

23 Conclusions A Green Building Technology: Dual Functional TMDs 10KW-100KW Power from Wind-induced Motion More Effective and Robust Vibration Control Retrofit Design Potential to Reduce the Construction Mass Experimental Demonstration Applicable for Exiting and New Tall Buildings 23

24 Acknowledgements Sponsors Students NSF CMMI # Xiudong Tang, Tao Ni, Wen Cui, and Minwei Chen at Stony Brook Dr. D-K Kwon at Notre Dame NSF CMMI # NYSERDA #

25 Questions? Dynamic Wind Load K1 L C Building Seismic Excitation R: Electrical load or ac/dc harvesting circuit TMD Lei Zuo Ahsan Kareem 25

26 Energy Harvesting and Motion Control of Tall Buildings using Tuned Mass Dampers Lei Zuo Energy Harvesting and Mechatronics Research Lab Stony Brook University SUNY New York, USA Ahsan Kareem NatHaz Modeling Laboratory University of Notre Dame Indiana, USA