Agrément Certificate 2003/299

Transcription

1 Agrément Certificate 2003/299 Copyright Agrément South Africa, August 2003 The master copy of this document appears on the website: Validity Users of any Agrément certificate should check its status: all currently valid certificates are listed on the website. In addition, check whether the certificate is Active or Inactive. The certificate holder is in possession of a confirmation certificate attesting to his status. Subject: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Certificate holder: Cemforce cc P O Box 378 BRANDFORT 9400 Telephone: Fax: Quick guide Contents page 3 Preamble page 4 Conditions of certification page 5 Assessment page 6 Compliance with the National Building Regulations page 7 Technical description page 10 P O Box 395 Pretoria 0001 Telephone Fax agrement@csir.co.za Use The certificate covers the Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System for constructing toilet installations in all regions of South Africa where waterborne sanitation is not available and ground conditions are considered to be suitable for toilets of this type. This certificate and Agrément South Africa s assessment apply only to Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet Systems that are constructed as described and illustrated in this certificate and where the terms and conditions of certification are complied with. General description The Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System comprises: a top structure consisting of a floor slab, side and back walls and a roof, constructed from glass-reinforced cement (GRC) encapsulating a beaded polystyrene cement core a polyethylene urine diversion toilet pan with a seat and a lid a conventional pit that is designed to suit the ground conditions and which can be unlined but with a collar, or lined allowing for percolation of the liquid fraction.

2 The top structure can be dismantled and relocated The pit can be permanent or for temporary use. The floor slab is a 75 mm thick sandwich panel consisting of GRC encapsulating a beaded polystyrene cement core. Holes in the slab are preformed during manufacture to accommodate the toilet pedestal and a upvc vent pipe. The side walls and roof of the top structure are 40 mm thick panels bolted to one another and to the floor slab. The door is pressed galvanised mild steel, fitted with a barrel bolt. The pit is vented by a 100 mm diameter vent pipe projecting above roof level with a fly screen cover at the top. The pit is designed by a competent person who has carried out a site investigation, determined that a VIP toilet is an appropriate means of sanitation, and determined the position and design of the pit. Typical cross section

3 CONTENTS PREAMBLE PART 1: CONDITIONS OF CERTIFICATION PART 2: ASSESSMENT Table 1: Safety and health Table 2: Performance Table 3: Quality management PART 3: TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION General description Consideration of the suitability of a VIP system Manufacture Installation process Pit Top structure Maintenance requirements Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 3 of 14

4 PREAMBLE This certificate is issued by Agrément South Africa in terms of the powers granted to it by the Minister of Public Works. This certificate: has been granted after a technical appraisal of the performance of Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System for the uses covered by the certificate is independent of any patent rights that may or may not subsist in the subject of the certificate does not relieve the certificate holder from the obligation to obtain the prior approval of the authorities concerned for the use of the subject. Agrément South Africa considers that the quality and performance of the Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System will be satisfactory, provided that the requirements stipulated in this certificate are adhered to. However, Agrément South Africa does not, on behalf of itself, or the State, or any of its employees or agents, guarantee such quality or performance. Responsibility for compliance with the requirements of this certificate and the quality of the finished VIP toilets resides with the certificate holder. No action for damages, or any other claim whatsoever, lies against Agrément South Africa, its members, the State or any of its employees should the said components and materials fail to comply with the standard set out in this certificate. Building authorities or users who are in any doubt about any detail or variation, should contact Agrément South Africa. Notices affecting the validity of this certificate will be published in the Government Gazette. Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 4 of 14

5 PART 1: CONDITIONS OF CERTIFICATION Licensee - any person or company appointed by the certificate holder and registered with Agrément South Africa to construct Easy Loo VIP toilets in accordance with this certificate and authorised by him to claim compliance with the certificate. It is the certificate holder s responsibility to ensure that the licensee carries out the works in compliance with this certificate and in accordance with the approved quality system. Bester, J.W., Austin, L.M. August Building VIPs: Guidelines for the design and construction of domestic Ventilated Improved Pit toilets. Pretoria: Division of Building Technology, CSIR The Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System described in this certificate must be: designed, manufactured and erected by the certificate holder or a licensee manufactured and constructed in accordance with the technical description (see Part 3) and the certificate holder s detailed specifications and quality system comply with the Conditions of Certification. Any person required to check on details of manufacture and construction must refer to the documentation listed above, which is available from the certificate holder. The Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System top structure is a combination of innovative and conventional construction. The pit is constructed in accordance with the publication Building VIPs. A change to any one aspect could result in one or more of the other aspects no longer complying with Agrément South Africa s performance criteria. For these reasons, no change may be made to the Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System as described and illustrated in this certificate unless any such change is approved in writing by Agrément South Africa before it is implemented. Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Tested and approved fit for purpose when constructed as specified in CERTIFICATE 2003/299 General conditions A plaque at least 100 mm x 75 mm, with Agrément South Africa s identification logo, together with the number of this certificate as depicted, must be fixed at an appropriate position to a wall of the toilet. The validity of this certificate is subject to the continued participation of the certificate holder in Agrément South Africa s post-certification quality monitoring scheme. Reappraisal must be requested by the certificate holder before making changes to the system will be required by Agrément South Africa if there are changes to the statutory building and health regulations or to Agrément criteria. This certificate may be withdrawn if the certificate holder or a registered licensee fails to comply with these requirements. On behalf of the Board of Agrément South Africa Chairman 27 August 2003 Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 5 of 14

6 PART 2: ASSESSMENT Scope of assessment This assessment applies to those innovative aspects of the Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System described in Part 3 of the certificate. It also applies to those conventional aspects of the toilet system, which, in the opinion of Agrément South Africa, are influenced by the innovative aspects. The innovative aspects referred to are: the use of sandwich panels, made of GRC encapsulating a beaded polystyrene cement core the method of bolting the floor slab, walls and roof together the use of an Atlas Urine Separation polyethylene urine diversion toilet pan, and the method of securing the pan to the floor slab the method of securing the vent pipe to the floor slab the use of GRC to form the collar of the pit, and the method of securing the collar to the floor slab the option of being able to dismantle the top structure and relocate it in a new position. Republic of South Africa. National Building Regulations, Government Notice R. 2378, Government Gazette No 12780, Pretoria, South Africa, 12 October 1990 For details see Agrément South Africa s ACTMAP 3: Sanitation Systems. Assessment In the opinion of Agrément South Africa, the system as described in the certificate is suitable for the construction of toilets as specified. The performance in use of VIP toilets constructed with this system will be such that they will satisfy: the relevant requirements for safety and health prescribed by Agrément South Africa where stated in Table 1, the requirements of the National Building Regulations Agrément South Africa s performance criteria. Agrément South Africa s detailed comments on the assessment are set out in Tables 1, 2 and 3 below. Each aspect of performance was assessed by experts in that field. The innovative aspects of the Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System relate to the National Building Regulations as set out in Table 1. Any regulation not specifically referred to is considered to be outside the scope of this certificate and must be applied by the local authority in the normal manner. Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 6 of 14

7 Table 1: Safety and health Aspects of performance Opinion of Agrément South Africa Explanatory notes and compliance with the National Building Regulations The performance of the Easy Loo VIP Toilet System was assessed against certain requirements of the National Building Regulations. The NBRs, however, do not apply to such small structures. Door hinge and bolt durability Toilet pan Toilet seat Durability of the top structure Vent pipe The durability of the door hinge and bolt will be satisfactory with normal use. Given normal use and adequate maintenance, the performance of the toilet pan will be satisfactory. The seal between pan and floor slab should be regularly inspected and replaced when necessary. The seat and cover form an integral part of a VIP toilet and components must be replaced when necessary. The durability of the top structure will be satisfactory given normal use and adequate maintenance. Suitable for ventilating the pit. The seal between vent pipe and floor slab should be regularly inspected and replaced when necessary. The fly screen must be replaced when necessary. The door was mechanically opened and closed times over a period of three days, without wear and tear to the top and bottom pivot positions being observed. The pedestal was simultaneously loaded with two 1 kn vertical loads applied over a 100 mm width of rim. The test was successful. A 2 kn uniformly distributed load was applied to the toilet pan rim. The test was successful. Agrément South Africa s opinion is based on knowledge of the materials used, tests conducted and on inspections of structures using the Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System. The vent pipe was assessed for: diameter of vent pipe material and colour height above roof level seal at floor level and attachment of fly screen to the top of the vent pipe fixing of the vent pipe, top and bottom. Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 7 of 14

8 Table 1: Safety and health (continued) Fitness for purpose of materials used Behaviour in fire Structural performance Water penetration The materials described in Part 3 meet the requirements of the regulations. From experience gained with building systems using materials of a similar nature, the top structure is assessed as being noncombustible. The top structure is satisfactory, provided the requirements of this certificate are complied with. The floor slab, walls and roof panels will perform satisfactorily. Junctions between panels will allow the ingress of water, as well as at the door. A13(1)A Materials Regulations T1(1)(b) and (c) are met in so far as the walls are concerned. T1(1)(b) and K4 (Walls) are satisfied. J1(1)(a) Floors K1 and K3 Walls The following structural tests were conducted: vertical loading horizontal loading soft-body impact loads the floor slab was loaded with a uniformly distributed load of 5 kn. Given the nature and use of the structure, it is considered to be fit for purpose. Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 8 of 14

9 Table 2: Performance Aspects of performance Operation of the Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Opinion of Agrément South Africa The operation of the Easy Loo VIP Toilet System is considered to be satisfactory, provided the conditions of certification are complied with. Compliance with best practice and Agrément criteria ACTMAP 3: Sanitation Systems. Bester, J.W., Austin, L.M. August Building VIPs: Guidelines for the design and construction of domestic Ventilated Improved Pit toilets. Pretoria: Division of Building Technology, CSIR Part Q of SANS 10400: The application of the National Building Regulations. Table 3: Quality management Aspects of performance Quality management Opinion of Agrément South Africa Satisfactory. Properly applied, the certificate holder s quality scheme will ensure that quality in the design and erection of the Easy Loo VIP Toilet System will be consistently maintained. Explanatory notes Agrément South Africa s requirements are based on SANS SANS 9001 Quality management systems - Requirements Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 9 of 14

10 PART 3: TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION General description The Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System comprises: a top structure comprising a floor slab, side and back walls and a roof, constructed from GRC encapsulating a beaded polystyrene cement core a polyethylene urine diversion toilet pan with a seat and a lid a conventional pit that is designed to suit the ground conditions and which can be unlined but with a collar, or lined for structural purposes with a perforated lining allowing for percolation of the liquid fraction. The top structure can be dismantled and relocated. The pit can be permanent or for temporary use. The floor slab is a 75 mm thick sandwich panel consisting of a GRC encapsulating a beaded polystyrene cement core. Holes in the slab are preformed during manufacture to accommodate the toilet pedestal and a upvc vent pipe. The side walls and roof of the top structure are 40 mm thick panels bolted to one another and to the floor slab. The door is pressed galvanised mild steel, fitted with a barrel bolt. The pit is vented by a 100 mm diameter vent pipe projecting above roof level with a fly screen cover at the top. Agrément South Africa. ACTMAP 3: Sanitation Systems. Bester, J.W., Austin, L.M. August Building VIPs: Guidelines for the design and construction of domestic Ventilated Improved Pit toilets. Pretoria: Division of Building Technology, CSIR Consideration of the suitability of a VIP system The pit is designed taking into account prevailing ground conditions and the requirements of ACTMAP 3 and Building VIPs. In regions where the ground is impermeable or where collapsing sand or excessive rock occurs, or where there is a high water table, a urine diversion toilet system should be considered (see Agrément Certificate 2003/300 Cemforce Easy Loo Urine Diversion Toilet System). This is a toilet system where the solid waste is collected in a bag contained in a vault, and the urine is collected and diverted to an external soak-away. SANS Cement Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements SANS 1090 Aggregates from natural sources Fine aggregates for plaster and mortar Potable water: The water should be clean and preferably drinkable. Water that may be made drinkable by boiling may be used in its natural state. Manufacture Mild steel moulds are used in the manufacture of the pit collar and lining, floor slab, side and back wall-panels and roof panel. Moulds are cleaned, inspected for possible faults and a mouldreleasing oil applied. Galvanised anchor bolts, striking plates, etc are positioned and the first layer of GRC is spray-applied to a thickness of 6 mm to the face of the mould and 10 mm to the edges of the mould, and the GRC lightly compacted. The GRC is made from ordinary Portland cement complying with SANS , Cem I or Cem IIA, sand complying with SANS 1090 (or blended by a specialist), potable water, super-plasticiser with accelerator, and alkali-resistant chopped glass-fibre. The GRC has a density of 2100 kg/m 3. Core material comprising polystyrene beads, cement, plaster sand and potable water is mixed in a paddle mixer, poured into the mould and compacted to the correct thickness (28 mm for walls Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 10 of 14

11 and roof, 63 mm for floor slab). The density of the core material is 450 kg/m 3. A top layer of GRC, forming the outer surface of panels, is sprayapplied to a thickness of 6 mm and sponge-rolled for compaction and finishing texture. The panel (in the mould) is heat-cured in a curing chamber for 24 hours. The final product is inspected for surface flaws, colour, finish and overall product dimensions. The panels are stacked in ventilated stacks with plastic covering for further curing for 7 days. Installation process Pit A competent person must: carry out a site investigation determine that a VIP toilet is an appropriate means of sanitation position and design the pit taking cognisance of: o o o o location proximity to a water supply soil conditions water table all in accordance with the information set out in Building VIPs. The preferred design dimensions for the pits of the Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System are 1,5 m long, 1,0 m wide and a minimum depth of 2,0 m. In cases where it is intended that the pit will be mechanically emptied, a maximum depth of 3 m is applied. Pits may be: permanent (ie they will be emptied when full) temporary (ie the Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System top structure and floor slab will be dismantled and located over another pit when the original pit is full). Both types of pit may be lined or unlined. In the latter case a rectangular collar is provided at the top of the opening. This consists of 75 mm thick by 500 mm deep panels of GRC encapsulating a beaded polystyrene cement core. These panels are bolted together at the corners. The floor panel of the toilet s top structure is then fixed to this. Top structure Excavated ground from the pit that is slightly damp, is mixed with 10% cement by volume and compacted 250 mm round the pit to a depth of 75 mm. The compacted ground is levelled and a 20 mm layer of sand spread on top of the compacted ground, and the GRC floor slab is positioned and levelled and bolted to the pit collar or lining. The rear wall is positioned in the recess in the floor slab and bolted to the floor slab with 8 mm diameter threaded mild-steel rods passing through the floor slab. The side wall panels are similarly bolted to the floor slab and to the rear wall with 8 mm diameter Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 11 of 14

12 SANS 1461 Hot-dip galvanised coatings on fabricated iron and steel mild steel bolts and large-diameter washers. The galvanised steel door and pivot are positioned with the end of the pivot in the hole provided in the floor slab. The roof panel is positioned over the pivot and bolted to the side and rear walls. All mild steel components are hot-dip galvanised in accordance with SANS The black 100 mm diameter upvc vent pipe is seated into the tapered hole in the floor, and fixed to the roof panel with a galvanised hoop-iron strap bolted to the panel. The vent pipe projects 500 mm above the highest point of the roof and has a flyscreen cap. The joint between the vent pipe and the floor slab is sealed with a silicone (or similar) sealant. The polyethylene toilet pedestal is seated into the tapered hole provided in the floor slab, and secured to the floor slab with galvanised angle brackets and silicone-sealed at the junction with the floor slab. The toilet seat and cover are bolted to the pedestal with lock-nuts and large-diameter washers. Maintenance requirements Maintenance requirements of the Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System installation are minimal. The following aspects should, however, be checked on a regular basis: the sealant at the base of the toilet pan and vent pipe should be replaced when necessary the operation of the door s barrel-bolt the condition and security of the toilet seat should be maintained in sound working order, as damaged or missing components will adversely affect the hygiene of the toilet installation, allowing light into the pit and flies and insects access to and escape from the pit the vent pipe may need to be replaced a damaged or missing fly screen at the top of the vent pipe should be replaced for the reasons noted above when necessary, by removing the toilet pedestal securing brackets and removing the pedestal, the pit can be emptied using a vacuum pump. The pan should be secured on replacement and the pan/floor junction resealed. If necessary, the toilet seat can be removed to facilitate this process. Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 12 of 14

13 Figure 1 Easy Loo VIP toilet system Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 13 of 14

14 Figure 2 Easy Loo VIP toilet system Agrément Certificate 2003/299: Cemforce Easy Loo VIP Toilet System Page 14 of 14