REVIEW of VIETNAM POLICY on BRICK KILN

Transcription

1 Anil Agarwal Dialogue, New Delhe. March REVIEW of VIETNAM POLICY on BRICK KILN Hoang Anh Le, PhD. Faculty of Environmental Sciences (FES) VNU University of Science Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam 1

2 Contents Current Status of Brick Kiln in Vietnam Current Policies for Brick Kiln Sector 2

3 1 Current Status of Brick Kiln in Vietnam 3

4 Brick kiln types in Vietnam Traditional brick kiln Traditional - Improved brick kiln Tunnel brick kiln Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK) Channel brick kiln 4

5 Tunnel brick kiln 5

6 Kiln Type Investment rate (Mil. VND/ 1 mil. Brick.year) M50 archived (%) Price per kg of brick Burning cost (VND) Env. impacts Env. treatment possibility Minimum size for economical benefit (mil./year) Broken rate due to burning (%) Traditional 100 < Difficult 2 >2 VSBK 120 > N/A 6 7 Thailand rice 100 > Easy 3 1 husk kiln Improved Easy 6.5 rice husk (Habla type) Tuynel 200 > Neutral 15.5 Hoffman 100 > Neutral

7 Environmental impacts of brick manufacturing process o Air pollutants from brick manufacturing process; o Impact of emission on ambient air quality; o Land use / land cover changes; o Impacts to soil environment; o Loss of forests and biological diversity. 7

8 3 Current Policies for Brick Kiln Sector o The Government of Vietnam issued a decision to ban the traditional brickmaking production within the urban perimeter in the next 5 years (Decision No 15/2000/QD-BXD dated 24 July 2000 of the Ministry of Construction), and it will take full effect in the entire country by o Most of the provinces issued regulations to ban the use of agricultural soil, soil of some special land such as historical/heritage sites, soil of dams or irrigating works, and so on. o Implication of removing all traditional, traditional-improved, and VSBK kilns. o The Prime Minister issued Directive No. 10/CT-TTg in 2012 aimed to boost use of unbaked building materials and restrict production and use of baked clay bricks. 8

9 o The most important distinguishing feature of Vietnamese brick is the complete absence of the practice of manual brick-moulding and the use of simple brick-making machinery. Even the smallest brick-making plant uses a simple extruder for brick moulding. These extruders are generally driven by a small diesel engine. o The other distinguishing feature in Vietnam, compared to South Asian countries, is the pro-active, even interventionist, role played by the government in shaping the policy for the sector. Vietnam has a separate Department of Building Materials in the Ministry of Construction at the national level and Departments of Construction at the provincial level. Besides, there is a significant public sector presence in brick-manufacturing through SOEs (State Owned Enterprises) and VIGLACERA (Vietnam Construction Glass and Ceramic Corporation). The involvement of the government in the brick industry is thus much larger than in South Asia. Apart from this, the Vietnamese government has also incorporated institutional capacity building programmes through various R&D and training institutions such as the Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology (ISBT) and the Vietnam Institute for Building Materials Science and Technology (IBMST). 9

10 o Training programme are devised to look for alternative more energyefficient brick making. Provincial associations of brick makers are formed to make it easier to share new technology with even the small brick making unit of rural areas. Capacity and training is provided to ensure Ambient Air Monitoring at brick kiln sites and their vicinity to streamline environmentrelated dispute settlement by local authorities. o By putting the policy of replacing all baked building materials, including clay bricks, with alternative building materials strictly by 2020 in place, the government has been able to exert pressure on the informal sector to phase out use of burnt clay bricks. The policy further provides for the use of about million tonnes of industrial waste such as thermoelectric ash, blast furnace slag, etc., in the production of building material. 10

11 National Technical Regulation on Industrial Emission of Inorganic Substances and Dusts (QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT) C max = C x K p x K v Flow rate (m 3 /h) K p P < P ,9 P> ,8 11

12 12

13 National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT) 13

14 Thank you for your attention 14