HAMPTON ROADS PROJECT

Transcription

1 f Commonwealth of Viginia Depatment of Highways I f ENGINEERING on REPORT I l HAMPTON ROADS PROJECT including RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BRIDGE GEO. P. COLEMAN MEMORIAL BRIDGE JAMES RIVER BRIDGE SYSTEM L I AUGUST 1954 PARSONS, BRINCKERHOFF, HALL 8c: MACDONALD ENGINEERS ISi BROADWAY, NEW YORK 6, N. Y.

2 PARSONS, BRINCKERHOFF, HALL & MACDONALD ENGINEERS FOUNDED BY WILLIAM BARCLAY PARSONS IN 1885 EUGENE L. MACDONALD LAWRENCE S. WATERBURY MAURICE N. QUA DE 5 I BROADWAY, NEW YORK 6, N. Y. CONSULTANTS..JOHN P. HOGAN WALTER S DOUGL AS ALF'RED HEDEFINE.JOHN O. BICKEL August 16, 1954 w: E. A.COVELL RUSH F. ZIEGENFELDER WILLIAM H. BRUCE, JR. Geneal J. A. Andeson, Commissione Viginia Depatment of Highways Richmond 19, Viginia Dea Geneal Andeson: In accodance with you authoization, we have completed the sevices to be endeed unde Stage 1 of ou contact fo engineeing wok in connection with the Hampton Roads Poject. These sevices consist pincipally of investigations, studies, and the pepaation of peliminay plans and estimates of cost of the Poject. We find that fom an engineeing viewpoint the constuction of the Poject as descibed in the ::i.ccompanying epot is entiely feasible and that its estimated cost - exclusive of costs of financing - is $63, 000, 000. Inasmuch as the Hampton Roads Poject is one of fou toll facilities that will be constucted o, in the case of existing facilities, efinanced unde a poposed new bond issue, we have included in ou epot petinent factual data petaining to the othe thee facilities. These ae the Rappahannock Rive Bidge, which is a new poject, the Geoge P. Coleman Memoial Bidge, and the James Rive Bidge System. The last two pojects ae existing facilities. The fou pojects will be opeated and maintained as unified goup. Ou epot contains an analysis and estimate of cost of centally administeed opeation and maintenance. The cost fo the fifth yea of opeation has been estimated to be $1, 730, 000. This epot would not be complete without a sincee acknowledgment of the splendid assistance and co-opeation of the Depatment1s staff duing the pogess of the wok. Vey tuly yous, MNQ:RN PARSONS, BRINCKERHOFF, HALL & MACDONALD M. N. Quade

3 ,... TABLE OF CONTENTS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL PAGE No. Foewod HAMPTON ROADS PROJECT A-GENERAL Geneal Desciption of Poject Geology and Soils Right-Of-Way ""'"""'''"- - 5 Toll Collection Buildings Bus Opeation B-HIGHWAYS Geneal _ Intechanges " 11 Stuctues Dainage Relocation of Utilities and Steams Lighting...._ Design Citeia _ C-TUNNEL Geneal Desciption Ventilation Dainage and Fie Potection Electical and Lighting Patols D - PROJECT COSTS AND SCHEDULING Estimate of Poject Cost _... _ Constuction Schedule _...._ RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER' BRIDGE Geneal Desciption , Estimated Costs YoRK RIVER BRIDGE (Geo. P. Coleman Memoial Bidge) Geneal Desciption " _ }AMES RIVER BRIDGE Geneal Desciption Costs of Rehabilitation COSTS OF MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION FOR ALL FACILITIES Opeation and Odinay Maintenance Insuance Replacement Reseve " Bus Opeation Estimate of Maintenance and Opeating Expenses CONCLUSIONS ,

4

5

6 FOREWORD By vitue of Chapte 399 of the Acts of Viginia of 194:0, the Commission was authoized and empoweed. (a) to acquie by puchase o by condemnation and to constuct, impove, opeate and maintain any one o moe of the bidge and fey pojects mentioned in said Chapte 399 including, among othes, (i) the fey popeties (heeinafte sometimes collectively called the "Chesapeake Feies"), consisting of the popeties commonly known as the "Newpot News Fey", opeating acoss Hampton Roads fom the City of Newpot News to Pine Beach in the City of Nofolk, and as the "Old Point Fey", opeating fom Old Point in Elizabeth City County acoss Hampton Roads to Willoughby in the City of Nofolk, (ii) the bidge popeties (heeinafte sometimes collectively called the "James Rive Bidges"), owned by the James Rive Bidge System, a Viginia copoation, compising the existing bidges acoss the James, Chuckatuck and N ansemond Rives, togethe with connecting oads, in the counties of Wawick, Isle of Wight and N ansemond, (iii) a bidge acoss the Yok Rive (heeinafte sometimes called the "Yok Rive Bidge"), extending fom a point within the Town of Yoktown, in Yok County, o within Yok County, to Glouceste Point o to some point in Glouceste County, and appoaches theeto, and (iv) a bidge acoss the Rappahannock Rive (heeinafte sometimes called the "Rappahannock Rive Bidge"), extending fom Geys Point, o its vicinity, in Middlesex County, to a point in the vicinity of White Stone, in Lancaste County, o at some othe feasible points in the geneal vicinity of said two points, and appoaches theeto ; (b) to issue evenue bonds of the State of Viginia, payable solely fom eanings, to pay the cost of such pojects; ( c) to fix and collect tolls and othe chages fo the use of such pojects; and 1

7 ( d) to couple o unite into one unit fo :financing puposes any two o moe of such pojects. Acting unde said Chapte 399 the Commission issued toll evenue bonds of the State to acquie the Chesapeake Feies, the James Rive Bidges and to constuct the Yok Rive Bidge. The Commission did not at that time povide funds out of the poceeds of toll evenue bonds to constuct the Rappahannock Rive Bidge. By vitue of the State Revenue Bond Act (Code of Viginia, Sections to , inclusive), as amended by Chapte 319 of the Acts of Viginia of 1954, the Commission is authoized to issue evenue bonds of the State fo the combined pupose of poviding funds to pay the cost of the Rappahannock Rive Bidge, the cost of the poposed Hampton Roads Poject and to povide funds to efund the evenue bonds of the State now outstanding and which wee issued as above stated. On May 26, 1953 Pasons, Binckehoff, Hall & Macdonald was awaded the contact fo engineeing sevices on the entie Hampton Roads Poject. Peliminay design dawings have been submitted to the Depatment of Highways and boings along the undewate cossing have been made and the esults evaluated. We have been authoized to poceed with and ae cuently engaged in the pepaation of contact documents fo the Hampton Roads Cossing consisting of the tunnel and the appoach bidges. A epot on the Rappahannock Rive Bidge was made by Modjeski and Mastes in Mach 1951 and submitted to the Depatment of Highways. The same :fim has completed contact plans and specifications fo this facility and competitive bids will be called fo soon. The James Rive Bidge System, consisting of a cossing of the.tames Rive, Chuckatuck Ceek and the Nansemond Rive, togethe with the connecting highways is an existing facility opened to taffic in The Yok Rive Bidge (Geoge P. Coleman Memoial Bidge) was designed by Pasons, Binckehoff, Hall & Macdonald, who also supevised constuction. This facility was completed and opened to taffic in May,

8 ,... l. HAMPTON ROADS PROJECT A. Geneal Geneal Desciption of Poject The oute of the Hampton Roads Poject is shown on the Geneal Plan at the back of this epot. A potion of the bidge-tunnel cossing is illustated in pespective in the plate peceding Page 19. The planning and design of the poject confoms to high standads of engineeing pactice and safety. The poject will be designed thoughout to suppot the maximum tuck loads pemitted by existing state laws. It will be opeated and suitably maintained by an adequate staff and wok foce and will be patolled by poject police. The appoach highways leading to the bidge-tunnel cossing of Hampton Roads will, in geneal, consist of dual oadways poviding two taffic lanes in each diection. Each oadway will have stabilized shouldes of ample width to accommodate disabled vehicles. A median stip vaying in width though the ual and uban aeas will sepaate the two oadways. The appoach bidges connecting the Hampton and Nofolk shoes with the potal islands and poviding the tansition fom the appoach highways to the tunnel, will be of sufficient width ( 30 feet) to pemit taffic in both diections to by-pass, in an emegency, a disabled vehicle. Thee ae no movable spans in any of the bidges hence the flow of taffic will not be inteupted. The undewate tunnel will, thoughout its full length, povide a single taffic lane in each diection. The diamete of the tunnel will allow ample oadway width, with adequate hoizontal and vetical cleaance fo nomal highway taffic. The alignment of the oadways thoughout the poject will consist of tangent sections of modeate length joined by easy cuves. The vetical alignment will povide safe sight distance and the optimum in dive and passenge comfot. The poject will povide a apid and safe means of communication between the Peninsula cities and the City of Nofolk. Since the high- 3

9 way appoaches ae designed, in geneal, fo limited o contolled access, accidents due to opposing and coss taffic will be geatly educed o eliminated. The hazads of night diving will be educed because of the sepaation of opposing taffic by the median stips. With the addition of the Hampton Roads Poject and the Rappahannock Rive Bidge, an integated system of highway facilities will be at the disposal of motoists, bus lines and tuckes along the west shoe of Chesapeake Bay allowing apid and convenient access between the geat uban centes of Washington and Baltimoe and those of Southeasten Viginia and points south. In addition, it will povide a moe apid means of taffic ciculation in the Tidewate section of Viginia fo esidents now foced to follow the deviating outes and infequent sevice povided by the fey systems which now povide the only means of cossing Hampton Roads and the pincipal ives in the aea. A egional map peceding Page 1 illustates the aea seved by the combined toll facilities peviously descibed. Geology and Soils The geneal poject aea aound Hampton Roads lies in the Coastal Plain povince. In the eastely potion of this povince, ock lies at a depth (appoximately 2000 feet at Nofolk). In geneal, the ock is ovelain by sands and clays, the individual stata of which may be moe than 1000 feet thick. Above this stata lies about 70 feet of gey sand and clay. The next laye consists of 80 to 100 feet of glauconitic mal. The uppemost sediments in this aea may consist of a maximum of 650 feet of gey to blue clay and fine sand with sand pedominating. Willoughby Spit and the adjoining aeas in Nofolk and Hampton ae made up of sand of geologically ecent oigin deposited by waves and cuents and vaying in thickness fom 100 to 150 feet in depth. In Hampton Roads channel, this sand, at the location of the poposed cossing, is ovelain by about 90 feet of silt deposited by alluvial action. The subsuface conditions which will be encounteed duing the constuction of this poject consist, in geneal, of maine deposits of Gand and clay paticulaly along the highway appoaches to the Hampton Roads cossing. At the pincipal highway stuctues test boings will be taken to detemine the exact type and size of foundations needed. 4

10 ,-. In 1953, a full pogam of test boings was made along the poject line acoss Hampton Roads between Willoughby Spit and the Hampton shoe. These boings amounted to some 50 in numbe and the evaluation and analysis of the esults detemined the design of the tunnel and the appoach stuctues. In addition, seveal test piles wee diven at the sites of the bidge appoaches to detemine the equied lengths of foundation piles. Right-of-Way The ight-of-way width fo this poject will vay depending on the natue of the teain though which the highway passes. In the ual aeas at the nothely end of the poject whee land costs ae low, the ight-of-way to be acquied will be 300 feet in width, 150 feet each side of the poject centeline. This width will be acquied between the connection to U. S. Route 17 and a point just south of Militay Road. Fom Militay Road south though Hampton to the Hampton Roads cossing the ight-of-way will be naowed as follows: between Militay Road and La Salle Avenue a width of 200 feet will be acquied; the width between La Salle Avenue and the Hampton Roads cossing will be 160 feet. On the Nofolk side, fom the southely end of the Hampton Roads cossing to the point whee the poject leaves West Ocean View Avenue, the pesent ight-of-way width of 80 feet along West Ocean View Avenue will be maintained. Beyond West Ocean View Avenue, the ight-of-way will be acquied fo a width of 140 feet to Mason Ceek Road; fom Mason Ceek Road to Ganby Steet, the width is planned at 120 feet. Fom hee to the southely end of the poject at Sewell's Point Road, the pesent ight-of way of Cottage Toll Road will be widened to 86 feet. The City of Nofolk has ageed to the use of West Ocean View Avenue and Cottage Ton Road by this poject. Unde the tems of the Revenue Bond Act, the Viginia Depatment of Highways is empoweed to acquie the ight-of-way consideed necessay fo the constuction of this poject. 5

11 Toll Collection (" Toll collection on the poject will be accomplished at a single location using a baie type. The location will be at the Hampton shoe just noth of the bidge appoach to the tunnel. The initial installation will consist of six lanes and five toll booths. The two cente lanes will be evesible, poviding fou lanes in one diection when needed duing peak diectional hous. The system selected is simple in design but it will insue collection of tolls due and equie only a minimum delay to taffic. A teadle set in the oadway in each toll collection lane will egiste the numbe of axles passing ove the teadle on a ecoding machine located in the Administation Building, which is inaccessible to toll collectos. The entie tansaction including the vehicle count, the collecto's numbe, the toll collected and the vehicle classification is automatically ecoded on the emote tape ecode fo subsequent checking by the auditos. When a toll collecto begins his tou of duty in a cetain booth, he opens the lane by actuating a validating machine which illuminates a geen light above the lane and ecods on the emote ecode the collecto's numbe, pevious total of the lane and the date and time of the lane opening. Closing of the lane is accomplished by emoval of the key in the validating machine which tuns the taffic light to ed. When a toll is collected, the amount is indicated on the side of the booth visible to the motoist and the vehicle classification is shown on an ovehead indicato visible to all supevisoy pesonnel. The poposed toll booths, adjacent to the Administation Building, ae pleasing in appeaance and pesent a moden, businesslike atmosphee. The toll plazas will be well laid out and well lighted fo the convenience of the motoist. Buildings Tunnel Ventilation Buildings At both the noth and south potals of the tunnel unde Hampton Roads, ventilation buildings will be constucted diectly ove the tunnel to house the ventilating equipment. These buildings will be identical, except that all contol equipment is located in the noth building. The buildings ae designed functionally to suit thei pincipal pupose, which is that of a fan oom of two stoies in height. 6

12 The fist floo houses pat of the exhaust and supply fans and the electical switchgea. A monoail and cane system will be installed on the fist floo with hatchways and doos so located as to facilitate the emoval and eplacement of heavy equipment when and if necessay. The mezzanine o second floo houses the balance of the supply and exhaust fans and the electic cuent tansfomes, togethe with offices fo pesonnel. In the noth building, the contol oom is situated on this floo. Below the fist floo, space is povided fo heating equipment, also lockes and washooms fo pesonnel. All levels of the buildings may be eached by stais and an elevato. The achitectual teatment of the two buildings will be functional and in hamony with the open appoach walls and the tunnel potals, consisting of a concete finish scoed in panels. Aluminum louves set in the exteio walls will admit fesh ai to the supply fans, while vitiated ai will be exhausted though openings at oof level. Cash Tuck Sheltes At the head of each of the open appoaches to the tunnel, cash tuck sheltes ae povided. These buildings will house not only the cash tucks, but also the sevice vehicles such as washing, sweeping, and pick-up tucks. In addition thee will be office space, a eady oom, a fist aid oom and toilet facilities. The achitectual teatment of these buildings will be in hamony with the ventilation buildings. Administation Building A two-stoy Administation Building will be located adjacent to the main oadway at the Hampton shoe line. In addition to housing the administative pesonnel fo the Hampton Roads poject, this building will povide space fo the administation of the James Rive Bidge System, the Geoge P. Coleman Memoial Bidge, and the poposed Rappahannock Rive Bidge. The building will be located opposite the toll plaza and the toll booths will be connected to,the Administation Building by a canopy. Space within the Administation Building will be povided fo toll collec- 7

13 tion equipment and pesonnel and fo the supevision of the opeation of the fou facilities. The achitectual teatment of this building will be simila to that of Colonial Williamsbug. Maintenance Building This building will be located in the vicinity of the Route 258 (Militay Highway) intechange and will house the pesonnel and equipment necessay to efficiently maintain all fou facilities. The design of the building is such that it can be eadily expanded and the achitectual teatment will be simple and functional. A stoage yad of sufficient capacity fo mateials and equipment that do not equie shelte will suound the main maintenance building. Smalle auxiliay buildings will be povided as needed. Bus Gaage and Teminals In the same aea as the Maintenance Buildings, a Bus Gaage will be constucted fo the pupose of housing and epaiing the vehicles used in the bus system between Nofolk and Hampton. Space will also be povided in this building fo bus system pesonnel. Bus teminals have been tentatively located at the Old Point Fey teminal s1te on Ocean View Avenue in Nofolk and at the La Salle Avenue intechange in Hampton fo the convenience of the public using the bus system. These buildings will be of simple constuction, poviding toilet facilities and shelte fom the weathe. Final locations will depend upon ageements eached with the ownes of the connecting bus lines in Nofolk and Hampton as is noted in the discussion of bus opeation which follows. The location of all these buildings is indicated on the Geneal Plan at the back of the epot. Bus Opeation The Viginia Depatment of Highways cuently opeates and will continue to opeate until the opening of the poject, two fey lines 8

14 acoss Hampton Roads. One line cosses the Roads between Willoughby Spit and Old Point Comfot; the othe line cosses the Roads between Pine Beach (U.S. Naval Opeating Base), Nofolk and Newpot News. Pivate taction companies opeating unde chates povide bus sevice fo uses of the fey facilities fom the espective communities to the sites of the fey teminals. Since the poposed bidge-tunnel oute closely paallels the existing Old Point-Willoughby Fey outes, it can be anticipated that pesent fey pedestians will find it convenient to use the bidge-tunnel with little change in taveling habits. Howeve, the pedestians using the Pine Beach-Newpot News Fey outes will be equied to change thei tavel habits, since the teminals of this fey oute ae emoved fom the bidge-tunnel cossing. Aangements must be made in conjunction with the pivate taction companies to funish bus sevice to the po posed teminal stations of the poject bus line. It is poposed that a Bus Line be placed in opeation fo the new Hampton Roads facility. The line would opeate between Willoughby Spit o Ocean View and Hampton and would povide a schedule of sevice appoximating that of the Old Point-Willoughby fey systems. The distance between teminals is estimated to be appoximately six ( 6) miles; with a possible maximum distance of appoximately nine (9) miles. On the Nofolk side, it is poposed to constuct bus teminal facili ties at the site of the pesent fey teminal at Willoughby Spit o at a bus teminal site in Ocean View. The DepaDtment of Highways owns the existing fey teminal facilities including land adequate fo bus tunaound and paking, also collection and dischaging of passenges. The Ocean View site may be selected by the Depatment following satis factoy aangements with the local taction company. On,the Peninsula side at Hampton, it is poposed to constuct bus teminal facilities in the vicinity of the intechange at La Salle Avenue. This site is consideed to be a convenient tansfe point between buses opeating in both Hampton and Newpot News and the shuttle buses opeated by the Depatment of Highways. Final site selection and site development fo both teminals must await the beginning of contact opeations, as well as negotiations with 9

15 the pivate taction companies. The bus teminals to be povided fo this sevice will be functional in design, affoding simplified access and exit by buses of the facility and those opeated by pivate taction companies. It is poposed that a single gaage be povided fo the stoage, sevicing and maintenance of this equipment. A site has been selected fo this gaage in an aea adjacent to the site of the poposed Maintenance Building in the vicinity of the intechange at Route 258. This location is appoximately 21h miles beyond the bus teminal to be located at :the La Salle Avenue intechange. The gaage fo this facility, functional in design and located at the maintenance aea site, will povide floo space fo the expected maximum numbe of buses, sevicing pits, and machiney and equipment necessay fo the maintenance of these vehicles. Fo initial opeation, fou buses will be equied and, in addition, two buses will be needed fo eseves and fo occasional sevice duing peak loads. These buses will be of.the sububan type poviding maximum economy in fuel at the estimated speeds of opeation allowed fo this poject. They will be tansit type Diesel engine coaches. B. Highways Geneal In geneal, the Hampton highway appoach fom its connection with U. S. 17 to La Salle Avenue is defined as ual, while the emainde in Hampton and all of the Nofolk appoach is defined as uban. The Hampton highway appoach will thoughout its entie length be constucted as a limited access highway. Intechanges ae planned at the majo intesecting highways and the poject highway will ovepass o undepass all intesecting oads and highways o ailoads. Fom U.S. 17 to Route 258 (Militay Highway), a single oadway with two 12 foot lanes will be constueited initially. Suffl.cient width of ight-of-way will be acquied fo the constuction of a second oadway when needed. 10

16

17 Fom Route 258 to the toll plaza, the highway will be constucted aa dual two-lane oadways, sepaated by a mall vaying in width fom 40 feet to 16 feet. Acoss long bidges, the oadways will be sepaated by a aised median. On the Nofolk side, the appoach highway along Ocean View Avenue will consist of fou 11 foot lanes with an 8 foot stopping lane at each side fo buses and local taffic. A two foot mall will sepaate the opposed oadways. Though the depessed section, fom Mason Ceek Road to a point beyond Ganby Steet, the highway will consist of two 26 foot oadways, sepaated by a fou foot diviso. Along Cottage Toll Road, to the south end of the poject, thee will be two oadways 24 feet wide sepaated by an 18 foot mall. The alignment of the highway will consist of tangents of easonable length with long, easy cuves, developed to suit the teain of the aea tavesed and enabling the motoist to maintain fast and consistent speeds, paticulaly in the limited access potion. Paving will be concete thoughout. Intechanges Intechanges on this poject wee located on the basis of sevice to motoists using the facility as indicated by the taffic studies. The Geneal Plan at the back of the epot shows the location of each of these intechanges, fom the nothely connection with U.S. 17 to the southely teminus at Sewell's Point Road. A typical intechange is illustated by the pespective view at U.S. 258 (Militay Highway) peceding Page 11. The connection with U. S. 17 will be at gade. The plan contemplates futue extension of the poject with a gade sepaation and intechange at this intesection. The next intechange to the south will be at U.S. 258 (Militay Highway) and will consist of a full intechange fo all taffic movements. This intechange will seve taffic fom and to the James Rive Bidge System and Langley Ai Foce Base. Continuing to the south, an intechange is povided fo Newpot News involving an "on and off" movement with an appoach highway 2 miles in length connecting with Victoia Avenue in Newpot News that is to be constucted as pat of this poject. 11

18 f. Next is the intechange connecting with an extension of La Salle A venue and also connecting with Back Rive Road (Route 134). This intechange seves to collect taffic fo Hampton, Newpot News and Langley Ai Foce Base. The extension of La Salle Avenue and impovement of the existing steet to Victoia Boulevad is included in the poject.,. At West County Steet (U.S. Route 60), a fou amp intechange will seve taffic fom the Hampton aea. At National Avenue, nea the toll plaza, an off amp fo nothbound taffic only is povided. On the Nofolk side, the poject utilizes the pesent ight-of-way of West Ocean View Avenue and access is not esticted. An ealy plan poposed an elevated appoach along the south side of Willoughby Spit, but this scheme was disappoved by the U. S. Navy because of intefeence with seaplane opeations. Since Willoughby Spit is extemely naow and thee is not at pesent, no can thee be expected to develop, any appeciable coss taffic, West Ocean View Avenue can be utilized at gade with a minimum of intefeence with the taffic on the poject. At West Ocean View Avenue (U.S. Route 60) just south of 4th View Steet, an intechange is povided fo nothbound and southbound taffic to and fom Ocean View and Viginia Beach. At Govenment Avenue a nothbound access amp is planned fo use of local taffic. At Peachtee Steet an off amp to the south seves Nofolk and the U. S. Naval Base. At Ganby Steet amps to and fom the noth seve this pincipal connection with the Nofolk business distict. Along Cottage Toll Road, a limited access highway would be pohibitive in cost and not essential fo the collection of taffic. Fo this t eason, Cottage Toll Road will be widened and utilized fo the poject. Maintenance will be pefomed by the Depatment of Highways. At the southely teminus of the poject at Sewell's Point Road, a 12

19

20 full intechange is planned. Afte passing unde Sewell's Point Road, the poject ends at gade on Cottage Toll Road just south of the undepass. Each intechange and exit o access amp will be povided with ample diectional signs to guide motoists to the communities, highways, beaches and accommodations nea the paticula tansfe point. Stuctues The vaious undepass and ovepass stuctues on the poject will be of types which satisfy conditions encounteed at each individual cossing. In instances whee the oadways ae spead sufficiently, two individual bidges will be constucted. On the shot typical ovepass stuctues, the oadway coss section will be 24 feet with 8 foot outside and 5 foot inside shouldes between 10 inch high cubs. Necessay hoizontal and vetical cleaances will be funished in cossing ailoads, highways and bodies of wate. Decks on all bidges will be einfoced concete and adequate ailings will be povided. Appoach slabs of einfoced concete will be povided at the ends of the stuctues. Achitectual teatment will be simple and pleasing. The pespective dawing peceding page 13 is typical of the poject undepassing a State o Local Route. Though Hampton, majo bidges will be constucted ove Hampton Ceek and the East Banch of Hampton Ceek. The Hampton Ceek Bidge will be appoximately 1450 feet long and the East Banch Stuctue appoximately 713 feet long. Both of these bidges will cay two oadways, each 26 feet wide and sepaated by a 6 foot aised median. Safety walks 2 feet in width will be povided outside of the 10 inch high cubs adjacent to each oadway. The bidge ove Hampton Ceek will also coss ove an existing bidge caying Malloy Steet ove the Ceek. A minimum vetical cleaance of feet will be povided ove this existing bidge as well as a minimum vetical cleaance above mean high wate of 30 feet. The stuctue cossing the East Banch also cosses a Chesapeake and Ohio Raiload testle. A minimum vetical cleaance of 22 feet above the top of ail will be povided ove the testle. The supestuctue of these bidges will consist of stuctual steel deck gide and beam spans. The pies will be suppoted by piles whee equied. 13

21 The bidge appoaches to the Hampton Roads Tunnel have a single 30 foot oadway between 10 inch cubs. On eithe side of the oadway 2 foot safety walks will be povided. The Noth Appoach stuctue will be appoximately 3250 feet long and will consist of 50-foot pestessed concete beam spans suppoted on pecast concete pile bents. The South Appoach stuctue will be appoximately 6110 feet long and will be compised of 50-foot and 80-foot pestessed concete beam spans. An altenate design fo the 80 foot spans in stuctual steel stinge constuction will be included. The 50- foot spans will be suppoted on pecast concete pile bents and the 80- foot spans on cast-in-place concete pies suppoted on piles. Both of the appoach bidges will be povided with ovehead lighting. Cleaances fo all of the majo wate cossings confom to the equiements of the Depatment of the Amy and pemits fo constuction have been issued by them. In Nofolk, fou instances occu whee the poject will undepass existing steets. In these undepasses the poject oadways will be below the pemanent gound wate level. The undepasses will be constucted as einfoced concete U-shaped sections designed to be watetight. Pumping stations will also be povided to dispose of stom wate. Following is a tabulation enumeating all the stuctues equied fo the poject. The tabulation contains the length and width of each stuctue and indicates whethe the poposed stuctue is an ovepass o undepass. Of the twenty-seven (27) stuctues listed below, eighteen (18) cay the poject ove wateways, highways, ailoads and othe facilities and nine (9) cay the poject unde intesecting oads and othe facilities. Thee ae seven ( 7) wate cossings, thee ( 3) aiload cossings, five (5) intechange stuctues. Thee ae sixteen (16) stuctues ove o unde intesecting steets and highways. Two of these coss ailoads in addition to the highways and one cosses a ceek as well as an intesecting oad. Also included in the cossings ae two (2) cattle passes, two (2) box culvets and one (1) pedestian undepass. 14

22 LIST OF STRUCTURES Poject Bidge Bidge Cossing Ove o Length Width Unde in Feet in Feet Hapesville Road unde Big Bethel Road unde Route ove 186 2@44 Pine Chapel Road unde 195 Newmaket Ceek ove 2@44 Rt. 351 & C. & 0. RR (Victoia Blvd. Connection).. ove 250 Intechange Stuctue at Victoia Blvd. Connection unde 171 LaSalle Ave. Extension ove 140 Back Rive Road ove 217 Pedestian Undepass at Owens St..... ove Rip Rap Road ove 133 Route ove 173 Box Culvet at Bights Ceek.... ove Hampton Ceek ove 1450 East Banch Ceek ove 713 Cattle Undepass at Sta ove Route ove 150 Cattle Undepass at Sta ove Twin Box Culvet at Johns Ceek ove National Ave ove 140 Noth Appoach Stuctue To Hampton Roads Tunnel.. ove 3250 South Appoach Stuctue To Hampton Roads Tunnel.. ove 6110 Ocean View Ave. Connecto... unde 122 Govenment Ave unde 1000 (a) Fist View Ave unde 1200 (a) Ganby Steet unde 1460 (a) Sewell's Pt. Road... unde 1200 (a) (a) Depessed oadway aea - length of walled section. (b) Face to face of wall. ( c) Width of deck cossing (b) 48 (c) 58 (b) 44 (c) 58 (b) 100 (c) 58 (b) 86 (c) 15

23 f Dainage The impotance of adequate dainage of the highway potion of the poject is ecognized and evey effot will be made to popely dain the oadway in ode to maintain the stuctues, the subgade, the pavement and the shouldes. Seveal of the lage steams to be cossed have been ealigned in ode to povide a moe efficient highway cossing and all small steams and ceeks ae caied unde the paving in pipes o culvets. Whee possible, the unoff fom ainfall will be collected in a dainage system and disposed of though neaby local dains. Whee no local dainage system is available, the collected unoff will be caied though pipe dains to a neaby steam o to tide-wate. Though the spasely settled aea in the nothely section of the poject between Hampton and U. S. 17, the dainage will be handled by coss dains and paallel ditches. Inlets will be povided in the paving to collect the ainfall unoff. Though Hampton and in Nofolk along West Ocean View Avenue, dainage will be disposed of in the local dainage systems. Dainage fom the depessed section of highway in Nofolk between Fist View A.venue to past Ganby Steet will be collected and disposed of in existing o impoved dainage channels. Along Cottage Toll Road, a new dainage system will be installed and emptied into existing outlets, while dainage fom the undepass at Sewall's Point Road will be pumped into a new dain line emptying into a local outlet. The sizes of all dainage pipes, culvets and steam cossings will be adequate fo pope highway dainage and will comply with equiements and standads of the Depatment of Highways and of the municipalities though which the poject passes. Reinfoced concete pipe will be used thoughout, except that metal pipe will be used at side slopes. The unoff fom decks of bidge stuctues will be collected in inlets and caied off the stuctue by metal pipe. On the testle cossing of Hampton Roads, scuppes in the deck will collect and dischage ain wate into the Bay. On fill sections ove 10 feet in height, a bem will be constucted outside the shoulde and unoff will be collected in inlets and caied down the slopes in metal pipes. All slopes will be potected fom eosion. The highway at all points will be well above expected high wate levels. 16

24 Relocation of Utilities and Steams ( Aside fom cetain submaine communication cables of the U. S. Amy and Navy which will be encounteed duing the constuction of the tunnel and will have to be elocated, it is anticipated that utility elocations will involve no moe than the usual telephone, gas, sewe and wate lines that would be encounteed in any majo constuction poject located in an uban aea. A detailed suvey of the existing utilities will be made befoe constuction stats, and povisions made fo the efficient elocation o eplacement of all utilities in cuent use. The only steam elocation of any impotance will be that involving New Maket Ceek in Hampton which will be elocated in ode to povide a single cossing fo the poject. Lighting Except fo intechanges, it is not consideed necessay to light the Noth Appoach Highway. Intechanges will be lighted by 20,000 lumen mecuy-vapo lights on metal standads. The aea at the Administation Building and Toll Plaza will also be lighted by the same type of :fixtue. The testle stuctue fom the Hampton shoe to the tunnel and fom the tunnel to the Nofolk shoe will be lighted by 20,000 lumen mecuy-vapo lamps on standads spaced 150 feet apat. On the Nofolk side, the section of the poject along West Ocean View Avenue will be adequately lighted by the pesent system supplied by the City of Nofolk as will also the section along Cottage Toll Road. The intechange amps and the depessed section of the poject in this aea ae planned to be lighted by the same 20,000 lumen mecuy-vapo lamps used on the Hampton side. The selection of the lighting fixtues and standads and the spacing of the lights will be in accodance with moden design and usage. Design Citeia Geometics The design speed on the poject highway will be 70 miles pe hou in ual aeas and 45 miles pe hou in uban aeas. That potion of the poject between U.S. Route 17 and La Salle Avenue in Hampton 17

25 is consideed as ual aea; the balance in Hampton and the entie poject in Nofolk is consideed as uban. The design minimum non-passing sight distance based on 41;2 feet height of dive's eye to a 4 inch height of object, is 600 feet in the ual aea and 300 feet in the uban aea. The maximum hoizontal cuvatue of the main oadway is 3 degees in ual aeas and 5 degees in uban aeas. The maximum gade on the main oadway is 3%, except at the undepasses on the Nofolk side, which slightly exceed 3%. The amps will be designed fo the best alignment and gade that can be obtained at a easonable cost of constuction and ight-of-way. Supeelevation will be in accodance with the Depatment of Highways Standad T02 but with a maximum of 0.04 pe foot. Geometic design standads fo cossoads shall be equal to o bette than those pevailing on the existing oad. Fo cut and embankment slopes, the Depatment of Highway Standad OS-1 shall be followed in geneal except that enbankment slopes have been designed as 1 on 4 until the height of shouldes above the ditch o existing gound becomes 7 feet o moe. Guad fence shall be installed on all slopes with a height of 7 feet o moe. Stuctues The 1954 Standad Specifications of the Depatment of Highways fo Road and Bidge Constuction shall be used fo all constuction wok. The.Ameican Association of State Highway Officials Standad Specifications fo Highway Bidges, 1953, shall be the basis fo the design of all stuctues. All stuctues shall be designed fo the heaviest standad loading specified by AASHO (H20-S16-44 Loading). Fo all stuctues caying the poject ove local oads, 2'-0" safety walks shall be povided. 18

26

27

28 Cubs shall be 10" high. A minimum vetical cleaance of 14'-3" shall be povided at all stuctues cossing othe oads. A minimum hoizontal cleaance of 8 feet shall be geneally maintained between the outside edges of the main oadways and the face of pies o abutments. The minimum vetical cleaances fo stuctues ove ailway tacks shall be 22' -0" above the top of ail, unless othewise equied by the aiload. C. Tunnel Geneal Desciption In addition to the tunnel itself, this potion of the poject includes the ventilation buildings, cut-and-cove sections and the open appoaches to the tunnel and the potal islands which suppot them. A plan and pofile illustating the tunnel pecedes this page. The noth island is located just west of Old Point Comfot on the noth side of the main channel and the south island is located just west of Fot Wool on the south side of the channel. The tunnel stuctue will be composed of 23 pefabicated concete tubes sunk into place in a pepaed tench and back-filled with a mini mum cove of 5 feet of sand. At each end of the pecast potion of the tunnel, a shot section will be constucted by the cut and cove method. These sections will teminate at the potals and will suppot the venti lation buildings. Fom the potals, the tunnel oadway will be caied by the open appoach stuctues to the bidges connecting the tunnel with the Hampton and Nofolk shoes. The cut and cove potions of the tunnel, the ventilation buildings and the open appoaches will be constucted on atificial islands. These islands will be fomed on the bed of Hampton Roads by dedged sand fill which will be deposited in place to an elevation of 11 feet above mean sea level and potected by heavily ip-apped slopes. The islands will completely and effectively pevent damage to the ends of the tunnel 19

29 f. and its open appoaches by any and all ships adift o poceeding unde powe off couse. They will also potect the open ends of the tunnel fom patial flooding due to wave action duing stoms. ( Flooding of the tunnel and its open appoaches duing exception ally high tides will be pevented by extending the side walls of the open appoaches to a height of 14 ft. above mean sea level; a height at least 5 ft. above the highest tide of ecod. Fom potal to potal the length of the tunnel will be 7,479 feet, of which the 23 pefabicated tubes will compise 6,859 feet. The depth to the top of the tunnel below mean sea level will be 80 feet at the deepest point; the oadway at this same point will be about 105 feet below mean sea level. Each of the open appoaches fom the potals to the ends of the appoach walls at elevation above mean sea level will be 585 feet in length, making the total tunnel length fom end to end of open appoach 8,629 feet. The elevation of the noth testle stuctue will be 16.4 feet above mean sea level. Fom this elevation the oadway will descend into the tunnel, though the open appoach, on a gade of 4.00%, continue though the tunnel on an upgade of 0.5% to the opposite side of the ship channel, and then ascend on a gade of 4.00%, to the south testle stuctue at an elevation of 16.4 feet. The width of oadway though the tunnel and open appoaches will be 23 feet and the minimum cleaance in the tunnel between oadway and ceiling will be 14 feet. A flexible pavement consisting of bitumastic concete will be applied though the tunnel and open appoaches to insue good iding qualities and feedom fom mino diffeences in alignment. The finish within the tunnel will consist of ceamic tile walls and an enameled steel ceiling which will povide an easily cleaned suface and add to the light eflecting qualities. The finish of the potal and appoach walls is planned to be concete with an inexpensive but attactive suface teatment. A dawing peceding page 21 illustates typical sections thu the tunnel and the open appoaches. 20

30

31 Ventilation Due to the geat length of the tunnel, it is necessay to utilize a tansvese system of ventilation. Fesh ai will be taken in though louves in the ventilation buildings and supplied by fans to the duct space unde the tunnel oadway fom which it will be foced into the main tunnel oadway space though flues situated along the side at egula intevals. The vitiated ai will be exhausted fom the oadway space though openings in the ceiling into the exhaust ai duct. Fom this duct the vitiated ai will be dawn though the exhaust fans in the ventilation buildings and though the openings in the oof. The fan system in each building will supply fesh ai and exhaust vitiated ai fo one-half the tunnel length. A depatue fom the usual tunnel ventilation system will be the use of axial-flow fans. Although axial-flow fans have not been peviously employed fo tunnel ventilation in this county, they have been used successfully in mine opeation, whee they have poved supeio to centifugal fans. The initial cost compaes favoably with that of centifugal fans and the size of the ventilation buildings can be consideably educed because the axial-flow fans will be installed diectly in the vetical ai duct fom the tunnel. Each ventilation building will contain fou supply and fou exhaust fans ; the supply fans each having a maximum capacity of 211,000 cubic feet pe minute and the exhaust fans a simila capacity. Emegency conditions only will call fo the use of the total ventilating capacity, aveage ventilation demands being about 10 pe cent of the maximum capacity. A ecod of the cabon monoxide content of the ai will be kept by automatic ecodes and detectos. The maximum amount pemissible is 4 pats in 10,000, although fo pactical opeation it is usually kept at 2 pats in 10,000 o even less. The amount of ai supplied will be sufficient to dilute the exhaust fumes poduced by vehicles to a degee whee satisfactoy visibility and diving conditions can be maintained. Dainage and Fie Potection Within the tunnel, wate fom washing opeations and wate tacked in o caied in by vehicles will be collected in catch basins spaced along the oadway cubs and caied though a pipe system to a sump at the 21

32 low point of the tunnel. This sump will contain settling basins and automatic dainage pumps which will pump the collected dainage to a sump in the noth ventilation building. Fom this sump the wate will be pumped into the open wates of Hampton Roads. An auxiliay pump at the tunnel low point will emove any wate which may collect in the fesh ai duct below the oadway and dischage it into the sump at the tunnel low point. The closed dainage system will educe the hazad caused by spilled gasoline which could be spead though the tunnel by open guttes. In the open appoaches, ainwate will be collected by tansvese oadway inteceptos and caied though a pipe system into the sumps in the ventilation building substuctue. Sand and debis will then be settled out and the dainage will be pumped into the Roads. This dain age system will be designed fo a maximum ainfall of 4 inches pe hou o fo a maximum shot duation fall of 8 inches pe hou fo 15 minutes. Wate fo fie potection and fo domestic use in the ventilation buildings and cash-tuck sheltes will be obtained fom the city distibution systems in Nofolk and in Hampton. An 8 inch wate main will be caied ove the appoach bidges to the ventilation buildings. An 8 inch wate main will also be extended though the entie length of tunnel and connected to the supply systems in each ventilation building. Booste pumps in the buildings will aise the wate pessue in the tunnel and open appoaches to 125 pounds pe squae inch to meet satisfactoy fie potection equiements. Hose outlets and fie extinguishes will be povided at convenient intevals along the tunnel. Adequate fie potection will be povided at all buildings included in the poject. Electical and Lighting Electic powe equied fo the lighting, ventilation and dainage of the tunnel will be funished by the Viginia Electic and Powe Company fom two substations; one to be located at Willoughby Spit, Nofolk and one at the Hampton shoe. A 13.8 KV feede line fom each substation will be caied eithe on aeial messenge cable unde the deck of the bidge stuctue o by submaine cable laid in a backfilled undewate tench to the ventilation buildings and a 13.8 KV tie line will be installed though the tunnel. Tansfomes in each ventilation building will step down the powe to 480 volts fo the opeation of ventilation equipment, pumps and lighting. This aangement povides fo two independent souces of powe, thus lessening the possibility of powe inteuptions. 22

33 I Tunnel lighting will consist of a continuous :fluoescent lighting system installed on each side of the oadway ; one side will be enegized and contolled fom the noth ventilation building and one fom the south ventilation building. This type of :fluoescent lighting has been paticulaly successful in ecent tunnel installations and povides efficient and dependable illumination. Lighting intensities can be vaied fo conditions outside the tunnels. Duing the day, the intensity of the illumination in the tunnel nea the potals will be kept at a maximum in ode to minimize the change in intensity caused by passing fom full daylight into the inteio of the tunnel. At night, the intensity will be educed to that of the nomal tunnel lighting. The open appoaches will be adequately lighted by 20,000 lumen mecuy-vapo lamps mounted on onamental standads set on the paapet of the open appoach walls. These lights and the same type lights on the appoach bidges will be contolled automatically by astonomical time switches o photoelectic elays. A system of taffic lights is planned fo the open appoaches and within the tunnel, each unit containing a ed, geen and ambe light. The lights will be so spaced that at least one will be visible to a motoist fom any point within the tunnel. They will be opeated when necessay by guads fom the contol points established along the sevice walk in the tunnel so that taffic in any lane may be stopped in the open appoach o in the tunnel duing an emegency. A sound-poweed telephone system with stations in the Ventilation Buildings, the Administation Building, the Cash Tuck gaages and in the tunnel will povide immediate communication between the guads in the tunnel and all othe contol points. 23

34 Fie alam stations about 400 feet apat though the tunnel and additional alam boxes in all the ventijation and sevice buildings povide immediate waning of any fie in the tunnel. Patols Opeation of the tunnel will equie the use of guads to patol it. Tunnel guads will be povided on a "ound the clock" basis to insue that any emegencies may be immediately handled. Fie alams, taffic signals and the sound poweed telephone system will be unde the contol of these guads at stations thoughout the tunnel to allow fo the aleting of all pesonnel in the event of accidents o emegencies. D. Poject Cost and Scheduling Estimate of Poject Cost Fo constuction puposes, the Hampton Roads Poject is divided into fou sections. These sections ae: Section A, fom the beginning of the poject at its connection with U. S. Route 17 to, but not including, the intechange at Route 258; Section B, fom the noth limit of the intechange at Route 258 to the noth abutment of the bidge appoach to the tunnel; Section 0, includes the undewate tunnel and the appoach bidges; Section D, fom the south abutment of the appoach bidge to and including the Sewell's Point Road intechange at the end of the poject. The constuction cost of these fou sections togethe with the cost of the buildings and toll facilities is estimated at $51,835,000. The cost of the bus system, maintenance and opeating equipment, engineeing, boings, and ight-of-way, togethe with an item of 8.9% fo contingencies bings the estimated total poject cost to $63,000,

35 ,... The estimate of cost of the Hampton Roads poject is given below: HAMPTON ROADS PROJECT ESTIMATE OF PROJECT COST Constuction: Section A - Stuctues $ 239,000 Highway ,017,000 $ 1,256,000 Section B - Stuctues $ 5,035,000 Highway ,871,000 9,906,000 Section C - Tunnel $28,950,000 Bidges ,825,000 33,775,000 Section D- Stuctues $ 4,216,000 Highway ,102,000 6,318,000 Buildings and Toll Facilities: Administation Building.. Maintenance Bldg. and Yad.... Toll Facilities and Plaza.. 260, , , ,000 Total Cost of Constuction Buses, Teminals and Gaage Maintenance and Opeating Equipment..... Engineeing Boings, Including Supevision Right-of-Way $51,835, , ,000 2,200, ,000 3,000,000 Total.... Contingencies 8.9% $57,850,000 5,150,000 Total Cost of Poject $63,000,000 25

36 Constuction Schedule It is estimated that the Hampton Roads Poject will be constucted ove a peiod of thee yeas beginning in Novembe 1954, with a completion date on appoximately Novembe 1, The constuction of the tunnel will equie the longest time and will be the contolling facto in the oveall completion of the poject. Plans and specifications fo the :fist two contacts fo the bidgetunnel ae, as of date of this epot, nealy complete. Contact C-1 coves the constuction of the stuctual elements of the tunnel between venti lation buildings and the constuction of the two potal islands. Contact C-2 coves the constuction of the Noth and South Bidges between the shoes and the potal islands. It is expected that the two contacts will be advetised ealy in Septembe and bids will be eceived duing Octobe. Constuction of that pat of the poject which will take the longe.st time to build can theefoe be stated immediately afte the aangements fo :financing ae completed. The pepaation of plans and specifications, advetisements fo bids, and the stating dates of constuction unde numeous contacts fo the :finish wok in the tunnel, the ventilation buildings and thei equipment and the open appoaches will be accomplished in confomity with a well planned and well-coodinated schedule to insue continuous constuction and the ealiest pacticable completion date. The engineeing wok and the constuction of the two Highway Appoaches will be caefully scheduled to insue pope timing with the tunnel constuction so that all othe pats of the poject will be completed and eady fo taffic pio to o simultaneously with the completion of the tunnel. Contacts fo the pecast tubes, the bidge appoaches and the dedging will commence Novembe Contacts fo the highway potion both in Hampton and in Nofolk ae scheduled fo commencement August 1, 1955 and completion in late The poposed constuction schedule is shown on the ba chat peceding page

37

38 2. RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BRIDGE Geneal Desciption The poposed Rappahannock Rive Bidge will be located about 8 miles above the mouth of the ive and will coss it between Geys Point in Middlesex County and Whitestone in Lancaste County, Viginia. As shown on the egional map peceding Page 1, the bidge will connect the two Tidewate peninsulas fomed by the Potomac, Rappahannock and Yok Rives and Chesapeake Bay. The moe nothely of the two peninsulas, known as the Nothen N eek, would be the pimay aea seved by the poject. In addition to linking it moe closely to the second peninsula, known as the Middle N eek, the poposed bidge would povide a potion of the Nothen Neck with moe apid access to the Hampton Roads aeas and points fathe south via a new fee bidge, now completed by the Depatment of Highways acoss the Piankatank Rive, and the Yok Rive Bidge. It would also facilitate tavel between the southeasten potion of the Nothen Neck and the City of Richmond. The length of cossing between abutments is 9985 ft. The appoach to the main channel on the Geys Point side consists of :five beam spans totalling ft., thee gide spans totalling ft. and eight tuss spans totalling 3,630.5 ft. On the Whitestone side, twelve beam spans with a total length of ft., nine gide spans totalling ft. and six tuss spans with a total length of ft. compise the appoach to the main channel span which is a :fixed span 648 ft. long. A vetical cleaance of 110 ft. above mean high tide is povided fo navigation. The deck consists of a 22 ft. concete oadway and two 1'-6" wide safety cubs which seve as emegency sidewalks. The steel beam spans est on 20-in. squae pecast pile bents which ae altenately 79'-0" and 90'-0" apat. The stinges fo the 79'-0" spans ae cantileveed 13' -3" each side of the bents. The cantileves suppot a 63'-6" suspended span. Pies with twin shafts on sepaate cicula footings suppoted on batteed timbe pile clustes ae povided to suppot the 125'-0" gide 27

39 spans. Altenate gide spans ae cantileveed beyond the pies 20'-10" to suppot a 83'-4" suspended span. In addition to the 648 ft. main channel cantileve tuss span, thee ae thiteen tuss spans about 468 ft. long and one tuss span 351 ft. long. The tusses fo the main span and its ancho spans ae though spans located outside the oadway. The twelve side spans ae deck spans so aanged as to fom multiple cantileve units. Fifteen caisson pies suppot the tuss spans. The pie bases consist of open well caissons sunk by dedging though 13 ft. to 60 ft. of wate to a founding elevation vaying fom 105 ft. to 150 ft. below the suface of the wate. Each caisson is of ectangula shape with ounded cones and contains six open dedge wells. The standads adopted fo the design wee those of the 1949 Ameican Association of State Highway Officials, "Standad Specifications fo Highway Bidges." Govening live loads of H20 o H15-S12 wee applied in accodance with these specifications. Estimated Costs The estimated cost of the bidge is as follows: Substuctue $ 7,427,000 Supestuctue ,070,000 Constuction Cost $14,497,000 Engineeing, Boings, Right-of-way plus a Contingency of 6% %.... 1,450,000 Total, Including Contingencies... $15,947,000 The engineeing wok on this bidge, including supevision of constuction, has been o will be pefomed by Modjeski and Mastes of Haisbug, Pennsylvania subject to a geneal eview by Pasons, Binckehoff, Hall & Macdonald seving as Consulting Enginees in accodance with the Tust Ageement unde which the poposed Revenue Bonds will be issued. 28

40 3. YORK RIVER BRIDGE - (GEORGE P. COLEMAN MEMORIAL BRIDGE) Geneal Desciption ( This facility caies U. S. Route 17 acoss the Yok Rive between Yoktown and Glouceste Point. To meet the cleaance equiements of the U. S. Navy and the aesthetic equiements of the National Pak Sevice, a low level bidge was designed by Pasons, Binckehoff, Hall and Macdonald, with twin swing spans, each 500 ft. long, in ode to povide a clea distance between pivot pies of 450 ft. The shoe end of each swing span ests on a :fixed cantileve am extending 140 ft. fom an adjacent ancho tuss span 350 ft. long. The length of the span on eithe side of the 500 ft. channel span is theefoe 390 ft. Shoewad fom each ancho span is a second cantileve am 70 ft. long which suppots one end of a suspended span 210 ft. long; the othe end of each suspended span esting on a pie located at o nea the bank of the ive. The ive cossing, theefoe, consists of deck tuss spans having an oveall length of 2,540 ft. At the south end of the tuss spans ae six gide spans ove land having a total length of 490 ft. The bidge teminates on the south at an abutment located nea the top of the slope about 175 ft. south of existing Route 17 in Yoktown. Noth of the ive ae eight gide spans having a total length of 720 ft. On this side the bidge teminates at an abutment located 700 ft. fom the shoe. The total length between abutments is 3,750 feet. At the cente of the channel span, the oadway attains a height of appoximately 115 ft. above wate by means of 4.5 pe cent gades on eithe side and a vetical cuve between them 1,000 ft. long. This length povides ample sight distance fo highway safety. The two-lane oadway is 26 ft. wide between 10-in. high cubs. Each so-called "Safety Cub" is 2'-6" wide thus poviding an emegency sidewalk on eithe side of the oadway. The bidge deck consists of einfoced concete on the :fixed spans. On the swing spans the oadway is 5-in. 29

41 deep steel open gating and the cubs consist of steel olled-tead plates. The bidge is lighted thoughout by means of luminaies mounted 25 ft. above the oadway on onamental backets suppoted by steel poles located outside of the oadway. The live-loading used in the design of the bidge is the H20-S16-44 standad loading specified by the Ameican Association of State Highway Officials. At the locations of the six pies in the ive the depth of wate vaies fom 50 to 80 feet, the aveage depth being 70 ft. The appoach oads wee designed by the Viginia Depatment of Highways. 4. JAMES RIVER BRIDGE SYSTEM Geneal Desciption The James Rive Bidge System is located in the counties of Wawick, Isle of Wight and Nansemond, Viginia. It consists of thee highway bidges, each with a movable span, cossing the James Rive and two tibutaies, Ohuckatuck Ceek and N ansemond Rive, togethe with eleven miles of connecting highway. The system, on the main noth and south highways, though Tidewate Viginia, is an impotant link in the Atlantic Coastal highway system. It compises the potion of U. S. Route 17 between Newpot News and Potsmouth, Viginia. The James Rive Bidge fom the noth shoe consists of about 8,4 of a mile of concete pile testle gadually ascending towad the ive channel whee fou 90 foot plate gide spans and fou 210 foot though tusses lead to the ship channel. The channel is spanned by a vetical lift bidge 300 ft. long. Cleaance above high wate is 50 feet when the span is closed and 145 feet when fully opened. On the south side of the lift bidge thee is a simila aangement of tusses and plate gide spans leading to % of a mile of testle. At the south end of this testle is a goup of nine 90 foot plate gide spans ove a banch channel of the ive. Between the goup of plate gide spans and the south shoe of the ive is anothe testle, level and staight, 2Ys miles in length. The entie stuctue caies a concete oadway 22 feet between cubs poviding fo two eleven foot oadways. 30

42 The bidge ove Chuckatuck Ceek contains a double leaf bascule of the olling type which povides a 110 foot opening at the channel. The appoaches to the bascule span ae concete testle simila to the James Rive Bidge, one thid of a mile on the noth side and one eighth of a mile on the south side of the movable span. The N ansemond Rive Bidge also has a 110 foot bascule span ove the channel with concete testle appoaches, each Ya of a mile in length. The width of oadway on the two smalle bidges is 23 feet. The noth appoach to the James Rive Bidge fom the connection of U. S. Route 17 to U. S. Route 60 is about 1h mile. Route 60 is the main highway fom Newpot News to Richmond..At pesent tolls ae collected at thee locations; the noth appoach to the James Rive Bidge and at each of the two smalle bidges. The toll collectos at the N ansemond and Chuckatuck bidges also seve as opeatos fo the movable spans. It is expected that at some time in the futue the toll collection points will be located at the two ends of t.he System athe than at the thee bidges. Costs of Rehabilitation.An extensive modenization and ehabilitation pogam fo the thee bidges is cuently planned and patly constucted. When this wok is completed, the pesent 26 yea old bidges will be estoed to such a good condition that the maintenance expense will consist only of outine items of maintenance fo many yeas in the futue. The contact fo floo beams epais has been completed and the wok on the contact fo the epais to the substuctue and the potective encasements of the concete piles in the testle bents is now unde way. The anticipated costs of this wok and of the othe items in the ehabilitation pogam which has been planned ae given below. The cost of this wok will be paid fom existing funds and is not included in the poposed new financing. 31

43 I Substuctue epais - all bidges... Replacing pesent timbe decks on movable spans with open steel gid flooing... Floo beam epais on steel gide spans..... Modenization of vetical lift equipment... Painting of tuss spans Bituminous sufacing of bidge oadways... Widening of the noth appoach to the James Rive Bidge Constuction of two toll plazas and the puchase and installation of new, moden toll collection equipment $1,048, ,000 64,000 50, ,000 75,000 35, ,000 Total $1,892, COSTS OF MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION FOR ALL FACILITIES A study has been made of the oganization and the staff needed fo opeating and maintaining the Hampton Roads Poject, the James Rive Bidge System, the Geoge P. Coleman Memoial Bidge and the Rappa bannock Rive Bidge and fo fulfilling the equiements of the Tust Ageement unde which the bonds will be sold. In addition to the diect expenses of administation, opeation and maintenance and the annual costs of the Tust Ageement, the estimate includes the costs of insuance equied by the Tust Ageement and the pinciples of good business management. It also includes annual payments to be made to a Reseve Maintenance Fund fo the accumulation of funds to meet the costs of majo epais, bidge painting, equipment eplacements and othe items which do not ecu annually. Inasmuch as the Taffic Enginees have pepaed an estimate of taffic volumes that will occu ove the peiod fom 1958 (the expected fist full yea of opeation) to 1994, the costs of maintenance and opeation have been estimated fo substantially the same peiod based on the taffic volumes estimated by the Taffic Enginees. Cetain items of cost will vay with the volumes of taffic. In paticula, the total costs of toll collection and toll audit will incease with the total annual numbe of vehicles using the facilities. Costs of powe fo the ventilating equipment will incease with inceases of taffic volume. Use and occupancy, Wokmen's Compensation and othe types of insuance caied will vay somewhat with the volume of taffic and the numbe of employees. 32

44

45 It should be noted that no allowances have been made fo inceases in taffic volumes exceeding the volumes estimated by the Taffic Enginees. Such inceases in taffic as may occu beyond the pesently estimated volumes, will povide ample evenue to cove the esulting incease in the cost of maintenance and opeation. It is, theefoe, consideed logical and pope to detemine only those costs which ae conisistent with and dependent upon those volumes of taffic which yield in each yea, the evenue estimated by the Taffic Enginees.,.. In pepaing the estimate of costs of maintenance and opeation, a study has been made of the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th yeas, based on the taffic volumes and evenues estimated by the Taffic Enginees. Costs occuing duing the intemediate yeas have been intepolated. The detailed costs of the vaious items which follow ae those fo the 5th yea of opeation. Opeation and Odinay Maintenance Administation It is intended that the opeation and maintenance of the fou facili ties will be administeed and diected by a staff located in the Administation Building at the toll plaza fo the Hampton Roads Poject. Included among the pesonnel ae the Diecto of Toll Facilities, his assistant and supeintendents and the pesonnel pefoming the functions of geneal accounting and toll audit, supevision of toll collection, public elations and pesonnel, and puchasing. In addition to the salaies of the staff engaged in the above functions and the geneal office employees, the costs of administation include costs of postage, telephone and telegaph, supplies, tavel expense, electicity, wate and fuel as well as costs of Social Secuity and Retiement Schedule expenses fo all employees wheeve located. It is estimated that 38 pesons will be employed in the Administation Building duing the fifth yea of opeation. A potion of the space in the Administation Building will be allocated to the collection of tolls and the patol fo the Hampton Roads Bidge-Tunnel. The employees engaged in these sevices ae not included in the 38 pesons peviously mentioned. 33

46 Sevices by Othes This item consists of the cost of advetising and pomotion and the legal and engineeing sevices which will be needed in connection with maintenance and, at times, the design and supevision of new o alteations of existing constuction on all fou facilities. At pesent, legal and engineeing sevices on the two existing toll facilities ae funished in pat by the Depatment of Highways and it may continue to funish such sevices in the futue. Nevetheless, we egad the costs of such sevices to be a pope chage against the evenue eceived fom the poject and ae of the opinion that tliey should be included in the estimates of cost of maintenance and opeation. f I Tust Ageement Expenses The expenses which will occu unde this item ae those which ae equied unde the Ageement. They include the annual sevices of the Consulting Enginee, the sevices of an independent Audito, the sevices of Bond Counsel as equied and the Tustee's and Paying Agents' fees. Toll Collection This item includes the cost of toll collection at all of the fou facilities. It includes the salaies and expenses of all pesonnel employed in this wok except the supevisoy staff located in the Administation Building. Tolls will be collected at only one location at each facility except at the Jam.es Rive Bidge whee collection is planned at each end of the Bidge System. It is estimated that 64 Toll Segeants and Collectos will be equied in the :fifth yea of opeation. Opeation A staff of 57 employees will be equied fo the opeation of the Hampton Roads Poject. One opeato and one electician will be on duty continuously in the ventilation buildings to contol, inspect and pefom mino maintenance and adjustment of the ventilating and lighting systems. Two cash tuck opeatos will be on duty continuously; one at each end of the tunnel. Fou guads will be on duty continuously within the tunnel to diect and contol taffic and to act in cases of disabled vehicles o othe emegencies. 34

47 In addition to the foegoing pesonnel, a labo gang consisting of foemen, tuck and sweepe opeatos, and laboes will be equied fo cleaning and washing down the tunnel, cleaning and maintaining the plaza and Administation Building Aea and the highway and bidges on the poject. Othe items of opeational expense on the Hampton Roads Poject include costs of electic powe and lighting and miscellaneous supplies including elamping and eplacements of unifoms won by the guads and cash tuck opeatos. Opeating costs of the James Rive Bidge System and the Geoge P. Coleman Memoial Bidge include the salaies fo bidge opeatos fo the fou movable bidges and the cost of electic powe and lighting and mino miscellaneous costs. Since the Rappahannock Bidge does not have a movable span, its costs of opeation consist of lighting and small miscellaneous items. Maintenance It is intended that the maintenance of all fou facilities will be accomplished fom a single Maintenance Depot and Yad conveniently located nea the intechange at Route 258. Appoximately 50 employees will be needed duing the :fifth yea of opeation. They will consist of mechanics and electicians and thei helpes, equipment opeatos, a stock clek, laboes, janitos and watchmen woking unde the diection of a Maintenance Supeviso and foemen. To effectively sevice the fou facilities, a mechanic-electician would be kept on duty at all times. In addition to the salaies and wages of the pesonnel, the costs unde this item include equipment opeation and epai and mateials needed fo maintenance. Insuance The allowance fo the costs of insuance pemiums contemplates eight pincipal types of insuance. The :fist of these is Fie Insuance and Extended Coveage on the Administation Building, Toll Buildings, and Maintenance Buildings including thei contents. Multi-Risk Insuance will be caied on all stuctues in the Hamp- 35

48 ton Roads Poject that cost moe than $500,000 and also on the bidges in the othe thee pojects. Use and Occupancy Insuance will be caied on all fou facilities. The costs of Multi-Risk and Use and Occupancy Insuance fo the James Rive Bidge System and the Geoge P. Coleman Memoial Bidge have been detemined fom the costs of pemiums paid fo cuent insuance now caied. It is difficult to detemine the exact costs of this insuance on the two pojects yet to be constucted since :fim ates will not be quoted until 90 days in advance of the date when the insuance is to be puchased. The allowance made is based on the best infomation available at the pesent time. Also included in this item ae the costs of insuance fo Popety Damage; Public Liability; Automotive Compehensive Liability and Fie and Theft (except fo buses estimated sepaately) ; Maintenance Equipment Floate; Wokmen's Compensation Statutoy Coveage; Fidelity and Bonds; and an allowance fo mino miscellaneous insuance not mentioned above. The annual costs of insuance ae pedicated on the cuent discount available though payment fom Reseve Funds of thee yeas pemium in advance. Replacement Reseve The estimate of annual payments to the Reseve Maintenance Fund is intended to povide funds fo paying the costs of majo items of epai and maintenance not ecuing annually. The items included unde this heading ae painting of steel bidges, eplacement of opeating and maintenance equipment, epais to bidges and buildings and such esufacing of the appoach oad pavement as may become necessay thoughout the yeas. In appaising the annual amount of eseves fo stuctues and pavement due consideation has been given to the chaacte of the constuction in which the bond poceeds will be invested and to the fact that thee of the fou facilities will be new o less than thee yeas old. Consideation has also been given to the fact that a lage pogam of epais and impovements to the James Rive Bidge System is now 36

49 unde contact o planned. The cost of this wok will be paid fom eseve funds ceated unde the bond issue to be etied by the new financing. Hence fom the viewpoint of the new bond issue, the James Rive Bidge System is egaded as being in fist-class condition. It is not likely to incu any significant maintenance expense, othe than painting and opeation, within the expected life of the new bond issue. Bus Opeation It has been assumed fo the pesent that a bus system to seve the need fo mass tanspotation will be opeated as pat of the Hampton Roads Poject. Consequently, the goss evenues expected theefom have been included in the Taffic and Eanings Repot and the capital cost and cost of opeation ae to be included in this Engineeing Repot. The item fo wages and salaies of pesonnel coves an estimated 31 employees consisting of a supeintendent, a clek, a stenogaphe, dis patches, a maintenance foeman, mechanics and sevice men, bus opea tos, and a janito as well as Social Secuity and Retiement Schedule fo these employees. Othe items cove fuel, oil, spae pats and ties; heat, light, powe, and miscellaneous supplies; insuance; and an annual eseve fo extaodinay maintenance and eplacement. It is estimated that fou buses will povide sevice between teminals located at the La Salle Avenue Intechange in Hampton and at the end of Willoughby Spit in Nofolk, at 15 minute intevals, duing peak hous. Sevice at othe times would be povided at 20 to 30 minute intevals. The puchase of six buses is ecommended to povide fo contingencies and eseves. No sevice tuck is needed since one of the cash tucks stationed at the tunnel can seve in an emegency to tow a disabled bus to the gaage. Geneal accounting would be povided by the staff in the Administation Building. No significant gowth of bus opeation is estimated by the Taffic Enginees hence the cost of bus opeation estimated fo the fifth yea emains unchanged in late yeas. 37

50 Estimate of Maintenance and Opeating Expenses The total estimate (fo fou facilities) of maintenance and opeating expenses, insuance, payments to the Reseve Maintenance Fund and bus opeation fo the 5th yea of opeation togethe with a table of estimated total costs fo each of the :fist thity yeas follows : Opeation and Odinay Maintenance: A. Geneal Administation $200,000 B. Sevices by Othes ,000 C. Tust Ageement Expense ,000 D. Toll Collection ,000 E. Opeation... F. Maintenance , ,000 $1,130,000 Insuance: Buildings - Fie and Extended Coveage.... Multi-Risk on tunnel and main bidges..... Use and Occupancy.... Public Liability and Popety Damage.... Moto Vehicle (not including buses) Maintenance Equipment Floate.... Wokmen's Compensation.... Fidelity and Bonds ("Tiple D").... Miscellaneous..... Replacement Reseves: Annual eseve fo painting.... Equipment Replacement Stuctues and Paving $ 4, ,000 34,000 6,500 4,000 2,500 5,000 2,000 3,000 $ 40,000 35, , , ,000 Sub-Total fo Fifth Yea- excluding bus opeation... $1,575,000 Bus Opeation: Wages and Salaies of Employees including Social Secuity and Retiement Schedule... $113,000 Fuel, Oil, Spae Pats, Ties ,000 Heat, Light, Powe, Misc. Supplies.... 4,500 Insuance... : ,500 Reseve fo Extaodinay Maintenance and Replacement , ,000 Total Maintenance and Opeation fo 5th Yea- Fou Facilities and Bus Opeation $1,730,000 38

51 f MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION - FOUR FACILITIES Opeation,. and Odinay Replacement Bus Yea Maintenance Insuance Reseves Opeation Total 1958 $1,110,000 $170,000 $275,000 $155,000 $1,710, ,715, ,720, ,725, ,130, , , ,000 1,730, ,735,000 f ,740, ,745, ,750, ,150, , , ,000 1,755, ,765, ,775, ,785, ,795, ,195, , , ,000 1,805, ,815, ,825, ,835, ,845, , , , ,000 1,855, ,865, ,875, ,885, ,895, ,260, , , ,000 1,905, ,915, ,925, ,935, ,945, ,305, , , ,000 1,955,000 39

52 ,..., I CONCLUSIONS The detailed engineeing studies and investigations necessay to establish the location, alignment and pincipal featues of the Hampton Roads Poject demonstates that thee exist no set of conditions advesely affecting the engineeing feasibility of this poject. We conclude theefoe that the facility descibed in this epot is fom the point of view of engineeing design and constuction entiely feasible. We find that the subsuface soil conditions encounteed at the sites of the bidges and tunnel ae geneally adequate and in the seveal cases whee existing foundation conditions ae less favoable, the stuctues can be designed and constucted at a easonable cost. The flat teain pevailing thoughout the poject is favoable fo highway constuction. Since the winte season is of shot duation and not sevee, only a small loss in constuction time is expected within the thee-yea peiod equied to complete the facility. We anticipate that the Depatment of Highways can and will acquie ights-of -way in a minimum of time and that no significant delays will occu because of lack of ight-of-way. The Taffic Enginees have epoted on the taffic volumes that can be anticipated at vaious locations thoughout the poject. We have detemined that the capacities of all poposed oadways, intechanges, stuctues and feede oads as designed ae adequate to effectively seve the taffic pedicted. The toll collection facilities planned fo this poject ae completely adequate fo taffic estimated fo the fist :five yeas. Additional facilities can be added to the toll plaza when needed. The estimate of poject costs contained in this epot is consideed adequate to constuct and place in opeation the facility descibed in this epot. An adequate allowance fo costs that may be incued as a esult of conditions that cannot be foeseen has been included in the estimated cost of the poject. Pedicated on the estimates of taffic detemined by the Taffic Enginees, we have pepaed an adequate estimate of the cost of opeation and maintenance of the fou facilities including the opeation of a bus system. In addition we have povided sufficient allowance unde the item of Replacement Reseve to cove the cost of all items of epai and maintenance that do not occu annually. 40

53

54

55

56

57