The Devil is in the Details Learning Objectives! Targets and codes have raised awareness People know you need

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1 Better Buildings by Design High Performance Enclosure Details Februray 9, 2012 Efficiency Vermont is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. High Performance Enclosure Details This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. " " Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Dr John Straube, P.Eng. Dept. of Civil Engineering / School of Architecture University of Waterloo Building Science Corporation BuildingScience.com The Devil is in the Details Learning Objectives! Targets and codes have raised awareness People know you need Apply concepts of separating interior and exterior environments to increase Lots of insulation value No thermal bridges No air leaks A drainage plane leading to flashing enclosure functionality Choose from various design approaches to create a high performance Identify design parameters and situations that have been successfully addressed in examples presented Recommend to clients the advantages and techniques available in designing But, how to this? high-performance enclosures Straube buildingscience.com 1 of 23

2 Basic Functions of the Enclosure 1. Support Resist and transfer physical forces from inside and out Functional Layers 2. Control Control mass and energy flows 3. Finish Interior and exterior surfaces for people Distribution a building function Building Science Basic Enclosure Functions Support Resist & transfer physical forces from inside and out Functional Layers Lateral (wind, earthquake) Gravity (snow, dead, use) Rheological (shrink, swell) Impact, wear, abrasion Control Control mass and energy flows Finish Interior and exterior surfaces for people Building Science Enclosures No. 6 / Basic Enclosure Functions Support Resist & transfer physical forces from inside and out Control Control mass and energy flows Rain (and soil moisture) Drainage plane, capillary break, etc. Air Continuous air barrier Heat Continuous layer of insulation Vapor Balance of wetting/drying Finish Interior and exterior surfaces for people Functional Layers Support Control Fire Penetration Propagation Sound Penetration Reflection Light Diffuse/glare View Finish Other Control... Functional Layers Enclosures No. 7 / Enclosures No. 8 / Straube buildingscience.com 2 of 23

3 Basic Enclosure Functions Support Resist & transfer physical forces from inside and out Control Control mass and energy flows Finish Interior & exterior surfaces for people Color, speculance Pattern, texture Functional Layers History of Control Functions Older Buildings One layer does everything Newer Building Separate layers,... separate functions No. 10 Changes The Perfect Wall Finish of whatever May need ventilated Control continuity is the key Water: Drainage gap + drainage plane Air: Air barrier Heat: Insulation Vapor: vapor barrier 11 Straube buildingscience.com 3 of 23

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5 Perfect Wall Perfect Wall CMU backup Steel Stud Structure Straube buildingscience.com 5 of 23

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8 Complexity increases detailing effort / risk of failure / cost reduces performance Window 29 Enclosures No. 30 / Enclosure Design: Details Details demand the same approach as the enclosure. Scaled drawings required at Details needed at: Change in plane Change in material Change in trade Details Need to trace continuity of Structure (connections) Water control Air Control Thermal control 31/175 Straube buildingscience.com 8 of 23

9 Commercial:Early stage planning Baseplate usually wider than column at the critical base plate Straube buildingscience.com 9 of 23

10 Requirements for a Drained Enclosure Building Science Requirements for a Ventilated Enclosure Shingle lap is the best, most reliable Air-Water Control Layers Beware vertical installation and wrinkles! Straube buildingscience.com 10 of 23

11 Flashing must be waterproof Building Science 2008 Joseph Lstiburek Rain Control 41 Windows Finding the air-water-thermal layer can be challenging Usually, best air and water seal is inner edge few chances for water leaks at corners Alu windows have thermal line at TB Line up with thermal control in wall Building Science.com Straube buildingscience.com 11 of 23

12 Leaky windows Studs and sheathing are sensitive to leaks Building Science Windows and Curtainwalls No Mixed membrane + liquid Backdams / Slopes are Important Often use membranes for transitions Straube buildingscience.com 12 of 23

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14 - Foam all around is a good thermal detail - Be careful of airtightness Window Location Insulation Masonry Beware strap anchor air leakage Outie Window (but within thermal line) Innie Window (but within thermal line) Innie Window (inside of thermal line) Straube buildingscience.com 14 of 23

15 Beware air leakage at premade sill flashing Beware thermal bridge of metal sill pans Face of foam as air/water layer Straube buildingscience.com 15 of 23

16 Architectural Precast: Punched Window Continuous interior angle provides backdam and airseal continuity Straube buildingscience.com 16 of 23

17 Curtainwall Integration Roof-Wall Water control sometimes overhangs, sometimes continuous Air control Sometimes roof membrane, sometimes ceiling plane Ventilated Attics R60-75 economically available Building Science 2008 Straube buildingscience.com 17 of 23

18 Residential R60+ Unvented Roof Straube buildingscience.com 18 of 23

19 Basement Wall-Slab Continuity of air-thermal barrier a challenge at slab Continuity at floor slab also! Straube buildingscience.com 19 of 23

20 Can maximize continuity a floor walls Annoying thermal bridge at footing Straube buildingscience.com 20 of 23

21 Title Intermediate supports Straube buildingscience.com 21 of 23

22 Small metal clips dramatically reduce thermal bridging Building Science 2008 Insulation and Thermal Bridges No. 85/65 Building Science 2008 Insulation and Thermal Bridges No. 86/65 Building Science 2008 Building Science.com Straube buildingscience.com 22 of 23

23 Building Science.com Building Science.com Rigid Exterior Air Barrier Commercial Buildings: Often exterior air barrier is only practical sol 91 Straube buildingscience.com 23 of 23