2.1 STATE OF SEISMIC REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS Seismic rehabilitation techniques for buildings

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1 Contents: Seismic Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1 Seismic Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures in Japan - A Technical Review - CHAPTER 1 FOREWORD CHAPTER 2 STATE OF SEISMIC REHABILITATION 2.1 STATE OF SEISMIC REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS Introduction Seismic rehabilitation techniques for buildings Selection of seismic rehabilitation techniques Summaries 2.2 STATE OF SEISMIC REHABILITATION OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES Basic principles of seismic rehabilitation Seismic rehabilitation design of bridge piers Seismic rehabilitation techniques for bridge piers Technical issues in seismic rehabilitation 2.3 STATE OF SEISMIC REHABILITATION OF RAILWAY BRIDGES Introduction Extraction of structures to be rehabilitated and requirements for design Types of rehabilitation techniques and principles of performance evaluation Types of seismic rehabilitation techniques Views of performance evaluation

2 2.3.4 Summary CHAPTER 3 TARGET PERFORMANCE FOR REHABILITATION 3.1 TARGET PERFORMANCE FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES Target performance in present seismic rehabilitation practice Target performances in RC and SRC Evaluation Standards Target performances in Seismic Rehabilitation Promotion Law Target performances in Standard for Governmental Facilities Target performance in the future seismic rehabilitation Target performance in the new building structural performance evaluation system Important notices when setting up future target level 3.2 TARGET PERFORMANCE FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES Introduction Earthquake resistant measures for bridges in Osaka City Basic principles of the earthquake resistant measures for bridges in Osaka City Importance evaluation Seismic evaluation Earthquake resistant measures 3.3 TARGET PERFORMANCE FOR RAILWAY BRIDGES Seismic design standards for railway facilities Target performance and input earthquake motions Target performance Damage level of members Seismic Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures

3 Input earthquake motions CHAPTER 4 REHABILITATION OF MEMBERS BY JACKETING 4.1 INTRODUCTION Outline Background and purpose Object techniques for examination Indices for performance of members Outline of database Definition of restoring force characteristics of members Whole database outline Post-earthquake damage assessment of RC buildings and damage evaluation of rehabilitated members Introduction Post-earthquake damage assessment of buildings based on residual seismic capacity of members Application to reinforced members Appendix Present damage level classification standard and application example 4.2 CONCRETE JACKETING Outline of database Analysis of examination data Load-displacement relationship and performance of members Modeling of restoring force characteristics Evaluation of damage level of members 4.3 STEEL-PLATE JACKETING

4 4.3.1 Outline of existing test data Objectives of reinforcing Shape of test specimen Dimension of original columns Reinforcing steel materials Axial force Loading method Analysis of existing test data Examination of bending moments Design equations for shear capacity and failure mode of jacketing members Consistency of existing equations for ultimate rotation angle Empirical equations for ultimate rotation angle derived from the database Skeleton curve of bending moment-rotation angle relationship Evaluation of damage level of members 4.4 NEW MATERIAL JACKETING Outline of existing test data Extraction of test data Objectives of reinforcement and reinforcing techniques Dimension of test specimens Structural factors of test specimens Continuous-fiber for jacketing Failure modes Loading method (Fig )

5 4.4.2 Analysis of existing test data Flexural strength Shear strength and failure mode Seismic Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures Deformation capacity Skeleton curve of bending-moment and rotation-angle relationship Evaluation of the level of damage of a member General Cracking situation of the column reinforced with carbon-fiber strand 4.5 REINFORCEMENT OF BAR CUT-OFF PLANE AND BRIDGE PIER BASE Reinforcement of bar cut-off plane Reinforcement of bar cut-off plane Judgment of seismic performance of cut-off plane Region of jacketing with steel-plates for cut-off plane Region of jacketing with carbon-fiber sheets for cut-off plane Reduction of design tensile strength of carbon-fiber sheet Reinforcement of bridge pier base Typical base confinement reinforcing method Influence of base confinement Examination of bottom anchor Reinforcement with H-sectioned steel 4.6 COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF JACKETING BY BENCHMARK TESTS Comparison of the effect of jacketing by benchmark tests of building structures

6 Outlines of evaluation methods Setting up the model column Rehabilitation design of the model column Comparison of the effect of jacketing by benchmark test in railway structures Outline of evaluation methods Setting up the model column Calculation of ductility factor of the model column Relationship between moment and rotation angle by each jacketing technique Comparison of the effect of jacketing by benchmark test for highway structures Outline of evaluation methods Comparison of experimental and analytical values Example of design calculation CHAPTER 5 REHABILITATION OF FRAME STRUCTURES 5.1 REHABILITATION OF BUILDING FRAMES Methods of rehabilitation of building frames Development and background of seismic rehabilitation technologies Objectives and techniques of seismic rehabilitation Trend of seismic rehabilitation techniques Target performance for seismic rehabilitation Important notices in seismic rehabilitation plan Approaches to evaluate the effect of frame strengthening Strengthening by reinforced concrete infill walls Strengthening by framed steel braces

7 Comparison of the strengthening by RC walls and steel-braces Strengthening by exterior steel braces Appendix Strength and displacement of strengthened frames by concrete walls in early studies 5.2 SEISMIC REHABILITATION OF TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURES Rehabilitation of rigid frame viaducts Present state of seismic design of railway viaducts Seismic rehabilitation techniques for frame structures Seismic Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures Effects of jacketing on behavior of 2-story RC frames Effects of jacketing on behavior of one-story RC rigid frame Rehabilitation of subway facilities Seismic rehabilitation techniques Methods to evaluate the effect of seismic rehabilitation An example of the analysis of the effect of seismic rehabilitation CHAPTER 6 RESPONSE CONTROL REHABILITATION 6.1 RESPONSE CONTROL REHABILITATION OF BUILDING STRCUTURES Seismic isolation rehabilitation and examples An example of rehabilitation utilizing base isolation An example of rehabilitation utilizing basement isolation An example of rehabilitation utilizing mid-story isolation Seismic control rehabilitation and examples An example of rehabilitation utilizing steel elasto-plastic dampers

8 An example of rehabilitation utilizing dual steel tube damper braces An example of rehabilitation utilizing friction dampers An example of rehabilitation utilizing visco-elastic dampers Methods to evaluate the effect of seismic control rehabilitation Introduction Static methods to evaluate the effect of seismic control rehabilitation Examples of experiments to check the effect of seismic control rehabilitation Closing remarks 6.2 RESPONSE CONTROL REHABILITATION OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES Methods to evaluate the effect of seismic isolation rehabilitation Seismic performance demands for highway bridges Design of seismic isolation rehabilitation of highway bridges Seismic isolation rehabilitation of an existing highway bridge An example of evaluation of the effect of seismic control rehabilitation Outline of the railroad viaduct using damper braces Cyclic lateral loading tests and their evaluation Seismic response analysis CHAPTER 7 NEW SEISMIC REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 VIEWPOINTS AND EVALUATION CRITERIA OF NEW TECHNIQUES Viewpoints of new seismic rehabilitation techniques Evaluation criteria of new seismic rehabilitation techniques 7.3 NEW REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES

9 7.3.1 Questionnaire survey of new rehabilitation techniques New rehabilitation techniques for building structures Classification of rehabilitation techniques Feature of new rehabilitation techniques New rehabilitation techniques for transportation structures Classification of new techniques Feature of new rehabilitation techniques 7.4 CLOSING REMARKS APPENDIX NEW REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES IN THE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY Seismic Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures Part 2 Seismic Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures - State of Research and Practice - KEYNOTE ADDRESS K1-1 SEISMIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SCHOOL BUILDINGS By Tsuneo Okada K1-2 IMPROVEMENT OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN JAPAN-PART 1 DAMAGE SURVEY AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AFTER 1995 HYOGOKEN

10 NAMBU EARTHQUAKE By Tsuneo Okada et al. K2 SEISMIC PERFORMANCE UNDER NEAR FIELD EARTHQUAKE AND RETROFIT OF CONCRETE VIADUCT STRUCTURES By Shoji Ikeda and Takahiro Yamaguchi K3 REHABILITATION AN ENGINEERING CHALLENGE By James O. Jirsa STATE OF RESEARCH R1 RESEARCH ON SEISMIC REHABILITATION OF EXISTING CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN JAPAN AFTER THE 1995 HYOGOKEN-NANBU (KOBE) EARTHQUAKE By Shunsuke Sugano R2 SEISMIC RETROFIT RESEARCH ON REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES By Frieder Seible R3 STATE OF RESEARCH ON TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURES (BRIDGES) IN JAPAN By Hajime Ohuchi R4

11 STATE OF RESEARCH ON SEISMIC RETROFIT OF CONCRETE BUILDING STRUCTURES IN THE US By Jack P. Moehle STATE OF DESIGN D1 DEVELOPMENT OF SEISMIC RETROFIT PRACTICE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA By Ronald O. Hamburger Seismic Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures D2 SEISMIC CAPACITY EVALUATIONS AND RETROFITTING OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN JAPAN By Hiroshi Fukuyama, Shunsuke Sugano, Yoshiaki Nakano, and Kazuhiro Watanabe D3 RETROFIT DESIGN OF ROADWAY TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURES IN JAPAN RESTORATION OF EARTHQUAKE-DAMAGED HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY KOBE ROUTE By Kenji Kosa D4 SEISMIC RETROFIT DESIGN FOR RAILWAY STRUCTURES By Tsutomu Sato STATE OF PRACTICE P1

12 THE STATE OF PRACTICE OF SEISMIC RETROFIT IN THE UNITED STATES By William T. Holmes P2 SEISMIC ISOLATION RETROFIT IN JAPAN By Ryoichi Sugisaki et al. P3 SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF TYPICAL HIGHWAY BRIDGES IN CALIFORNIA By Thomas Post P4 STATE OF PRACTICE IN ROADWAY TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURES By Yoshinori Igase P5 STATE OF PRACTICE IN RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION IN JAPAN By Masaru Okamoto