Revised Descriptions (nearing project completion)

Transcription

1 VERMONT TECHNICAL COLLEGE Bachelor of Science in Architectural Engineering Technology Capstone Senior Design Projects (208) Revised Descriptions (nearing project completion) Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Engineering # Structural Engineering Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Engineering #2 Integrated Sustainable Building Design

2 Team Members: Berge, Joseph Delano, Dillon Griswold, Vanessa The Project Description Overall: The project involves designing a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system for a new four-story multipurpose building north of Istanbul Turkey, near Arnavutkoy. The building will have four main uses: restaurant, retail, office, and lodging. The first floor features the retail areas and the restaurant with dining. The restaurant has a kitchen with two gas fryers, eight burner range with oven, two-door reach-in freezer and refrigerator, gas griddle, steam table, and various plumbing fixtures. The second floor features all office and administrative support spaces, break rooms, storage areas, and conference rooms. The third and fourth floors feature lodging type living spaces for the building staff and for students. The typical building operating hours are 7am - 0pm Monday through Friday and 8am pm on Saturday. On Sunday, only the retail area is open am 7pm. There are typically full time staff, guests and shoppers in the building Monday through Sunday; however the building is open 24/7 on a limited basis due to the lodging for staff and students on the upper floors. The building shall facilitate functions that accommodate the operations of the occupants use of the spaces by providing a comfortable and safe environment with good HVAC system performance. To achieve the objectives for low maintenance and operating costs, the owner has determined that the building exterior should be designed based on the ASHRAE 2 percent criteria, heating 99 percent, evaporation percent and dehumidification percent for the climate of Istanbul Turkey. Construction materials selected for the project shall be based on the lowest possible life cycle cost. The use of potable water for irrigation purposes beyond what is required for initial establishment of the site vegetation is strictly prohibited. Indigenous and adapted plant species shall be selected to minimize watering, fertilization, and pest management requirements. Design and construction should be done to minimize and resist long term degradation from nature, therefore minimizing the overall maintenance requirements. The facility shall utilize daylighting to the maximum extent possible to minimize the installed lighting power density requirements.

3 HVAC Design Calculations Project Description Specifics: Objective: Design a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, using a variable air volume (VAV) air handling unit (AHU), for a four-story multiuse building located in Istanbul, Turkey. Design goals to achieve in this project are low life cycle cost, low environmental impact, comfort and health, high performance green design, and synergy. Interior Condition Requirements: Administrative Offices Restaurant Retail Lodging Information Technology (IT) Summer 73.4 F DB 73.4 F DB 73.4 F DB 78.8 F DB 50% RH 50% RH 50% RH 55% RH Winter 70 F DB 70 F DB 70 F DB 73.4 F DB Sound NC 35 NC 30 NC 30 N/A N/A Note: DB = dry bulb temperature, RH = relative humidity, NC = noise criterion 73.4 F DB 50% RH HVAC zones shall be selected based on the occupancy for each space, where possible, spaces of similar occupancies shall be considered a single zone. Figure : First Floor Zoning Plan Analyze Life Cycle Costs: capital investment, operating cost, maintenance costs, employee productivity Life of the building: 50 years Return on investment: 7%

4 Inflation rate: 3% Utility escalation rate should be based on a 0 year trend for the utility provider in the area We are using Carrier s Hourly Analysis Program 5.0 (HAP) in compliance with ASHRAE Standards 55, 62., 90., 40, and 83 to calculate the heating, ventilation and cooling loads for the building. This program allows us to run simulations under different conditions to help select the best system. The output from HAP allowed us size the duct work based on the total CFMs needed for each zone to be properly ventilated and to account for a pressure loss of 0. inches of water per one hundred feet. As well as to select the best system, and size the air handling units and boilers, based on life cycle cost and efficiency. The system consists of five AHUs with VAV boxes and two boilers. Figure 3 illustrates the concept of how the AHUs and boilers work together the heat and cool the building. Figure 2: Duct Design Detail Figure 3: System Schematic When sizing and locating the ductwork for the selected systems we also had to coordinate with the structural team s framing plans. The buildings floor to ceiling heights had to be taken into account when deciding on the ductwork depth design. This height factor determined whether or

5 not the structural team s hollow core slabs would allow enough room to run our ductwork and leave the occupant with enough comfortable head room in the space below. Energy conservation methods must be considered to offset some of the energy the building will consume annually. All energy conservations must show compliance to ASHRAE Standard 89. by meeting the Mandatory Provisions and the Performance Path requirements. Istanbul Turkey is a largely populated area within the Middle-East with easy access, therefore the cost to supply energy to the multiuse building isn t the largest factor within the costs. However, conservation methods have been considered and incorporated to help offset some of the costs. Five energy conservations methods were approached:. To exceed the standard minimum requirements of the building envelope and system efficiency 2. Comparing the code minimum efficiency vs. the systems selected efficiency and cost analysis 3. PV Arrays 4. CO 2 Sensors 5. Kitchen Hood Sensors Thank you for reading about our Vermont Technical College Senior Project, and we hope to see you at our presentations!

6 208 Structural Team Project Description (Bartlett, Ellison, Barrows) Our project submission focuses on the design of the frame and foundation of a proposed building to resist and transfer any anticipated loads that the structure may experience. Our building is a four story mixed use building. The mix uses are retail, restaurant, office spaces, and residential spaces. The first floor is made up of retail and restaurant space. The second floor is made up of office spaces, a mix between open offices and separate offices. Then the third and fourth floors have the same layout of residential space. The exterior of the building is made up of view glass, spandrel glass, and a brick façade. The building has a flat roof. The proposed building design layout and building criteria came from ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers). The proposed building will be erected in Arnavutkoy, Turkey, an area several miles North-East of Istanbul between the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea. The North Anatolian Fault zone is only a few miles away from Istanbul s center and produces severe tectonic activity relatively frequently, in the last century this region witnessed unusual seismic activities with nine district events having M>7.0. The southern parts of Istanbul are the main areas under high earthquake risk, and from South to the North earthquake risk gradually decreases. When designing the frame and foundation the extreme shearing load experienced during these events will be the primary concern, in addition to occupancy and other environmental loading due to wind or rain that will likely occur. All these factors were taken into consideration in order to select a site to place the building. We chose an empty lot on an urban neighborhood. The building will be located in between a four story government building and a seven story residential complex, facing a longitudinal green park of about half a mile ideal for the uses of the building. The northern, northeastern and central parts of Istanbul are dominated by Palaeozoic rock consisting of: chert, sandstone, claystone, greywacke, shale and crystalized limestone; which are regarded as seismological bedrock. In these areas material generally provides satisfactory ground conditions and is of sufficient quality for both construction and foundations. The main aggregate production today is from

7 208 Structural Team Project Description (Bartlett, Ellison, Barrows) 2 limestone and sandstone. In general, the Istanbul aggregates that are mainly used in the concrete industry are of sufficient quality, as far as material requirements are concerned. Three types of structural systems; reinforced concrete, unreinforced masonry and buildings composed of timber frames and braces have been commonly constructed in Turkey. Modern buildings in urban centers are generally built out of reinforced concrete. In urban areas, 30% of all buildings are reinforced concrete frame type, 48% are brick masonry or timber framed, and 22% are adobe or rubble masonry. In rural areas, 82% of housing was some form of masonry, while 8% were timber-frame or reinforced concrete. The structural system that we have chosen to design is a hybrid system of pre-cast reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete, with a moment resisting frame. We have found that this system would be the best pick to handle the anticipated loads and other regional factors pertaining to accessibility and constructability. We did look into a steel frame, which would certainly satisfy the load requirements, however, the increasing frequency of concrete construction, readiness of aggregate material, and experienced construction personnel within the surrounding area presented a more appealing solution. The main structural elements of the building will consist of: pre-stressed hollow-core slabs for the floor systems, pre-stressed inverted T-beams for the interior beam members, pre-stressed L-beams for the exterior beam members, pre-cast reinforced square columns, and drilled shafts as the buildings foundation. All of our members, excluding the drilled shafts, were determined and picked by using the PCI Design Handbook, Ed. 7, 200. The estimated cost of the building was $ 9,56, We calculated this using RSMeans 202 cost per square foot of floor area for the different uses of the building. The cost was adjusted using the respective inflation rate for the remaining years. The estimate for the structural portion was about 30% of the total cost, about $2,800,000. We determined that an estimated life cycle cost, over 50 years, would be about $98,000, including the construction cost, about $3,000,000.

8 AET Senior Project 208 Structural Design Team ASHRAE Prject Building Arnavutkoy, Istanbul, Turkey Designed and Drawn By Jacob Bartlett Marcela Barrows Zach Ellison No. Description Date Sheet List S0-0.0 S-0.0 S-0. S-0.2 S-0.3 S-0.4 S-0.5 S2-0.0 S2-0. S3-0.0 S4-0.0 S5-0.0 S5-0. Sheet Name ASHRAE Project Building Foundation Plan Ground Floor Plan Second Floor Plan Third Floor Plan Fourth Floor Plan Roof Plan North & South Elevations East & West Elevations Building Sections Building Details Column Schedule Beam & Joist Schedule Sheet Issue Date 03/28/8 03/27/8 03/27/8 03/27/8 03/27/8 03/27/8 03/27/8 03/27/8 03/27/8 03/27/8 03/27/8 03/27/8 03/27/8 208 Senior Project Structural Team ASHRAE Project Building Project number Date Drawn by 3/28/8 Jacob Bartlett, Marcela Barrows, Zach Ellison S0-0.0 Scale 3/27/208 2:49:52 PM Sheet Number

9 2 S3-0.0 S X20 20X20 20X20 20X20 20X20 A A A. A. B B. C C. D E F G H H B B. C C. D E 26LB20 26LB20 26LB20 40IT24 40IT24 40IT24 40IT24 26LB20 26LB20 26LB20 26LB20 26LB20 8LB20 G 8LB20 8LB S3-0.0 Project number Date Drawn by 3/27/208 2:49:56 PM Level 2 - Second Floor Plan 3/32" = '-0" No. Description Date Scale 208 Senior Project Structural Team Second Floor Plan S-0.2 3/28/8 Jacob Bartlett, Marcela Barrows, Zach Ellison 3/32" = '-0"

10 2 S3-0.0 S4-0.0 S A A A. A. 26LB24 26LB24 B B. B B. C C 26LB24 26LB24 C. D C. D E E 26LB24 26LB24 F G F G Project number Date Drawn by 3/27/208 2:49:59 PM Level 3 - Third Floor Plan 3/32" = '-0" No. Description Date Scale 208 Senior Project Structural Team Third Floor Plan S-0.3 3/28/8 Jacob Bartlett, Marcela Barrows, Zach Ellison 3/32" = '-0"

11 S Level 5 - Roof Plan 42' - 0" Level 4 - Fourth Floor Plan 32' - 0" S4-0.0 Third Floor Plan Level 2 - Second Floor Plan 2' - 0" Ground Floor Plan 0' - 0" North 3/32" = '-0" S3-0.0 No Description Date 2 Level 5 - Roof Plan 42' - 0" Level 4 - Fourth Floor Plan 32' - 0" S4-0.0 Third Floor Plan Level 2 - Second Floor Plan 2' - 0" 208 Senior Project Ground Floor Plan 0' - 0" South 3/32" = '-0" Project number Date Drawn by 3/28/8 Jacob Bartlett, Marcela Barrows, Zach Ellison S2-0.0 Scale 3/32" = '-0" 3/27/208 2:50:23 PM 2 Structural Team North & South Elevations

12 Hollow Slab Detail /4" = '-0" No. Description Date 208 Senior Project Structural Team Building Details Project number Date Drawn by 3/28/8 Jacob Bartlett, Marcela Barrows, Zach Ellison S4-0.0 Scale /4" = '-0" 3/27/208 2:5:6 PM

13 208 ASHRAE Student Design Competition Istanbul, Turkey Design Calculations Team Thoai Nguyen Joshua Daigle Philip Marks Mark Vincello, Advisor ARE 4720

14 Project Description This project is being presented as part of the ASHRAE Student Design Project Competition through Vermont Technical College. The goals of the project are to design the variable air volume (VAV) air handling units (AHU) for a mixed use building while adhering to a set of parameters which include the owners project requirements (OPR) and ASHRAE standards 5, 34, 55, 62., 90., 29, 54, and 89.. Further specifications include meeting budget and aesthetic limitations while achieving a low-maintenance design with low environmental impact. The team will be using Carrier s Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) to determine the heating and cooling loads of the building based on design criteria. Ducting, diffusers, and returns will be designed based on the results of HAP. Autocad will be used to complete the visual representation of the system and its components. A new, four story, multi-use building is being built in Istanbul, Turkey. The first floor will be split into two distinct areas: a large retail space comprising three quarters of the total area and oriented to the west, and a restaurant making use of the eastern quarter of the floor. The second floor will serve as an office space and remain largely open with seven individual offices on the western wall and eight offices on the northeast perimeter. The southeast quarter of the office floor contains a breakroom, two conference rooms and the restrooms. The upper two floors are designated for lodging and contain six one and two bedroom apartments situated along the perimeter with circulation, mechanical, and restroom areas to the center. Per order of the OPR, the primary objective of the project is to create a variable air volume (VAV) heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system for a multi-use

15 building. Due to the complicated nature of the building, an equally complicated system must be put into place to accommodate varying heating and cooling loads in each area. Put simply, the needs of one space may differ greatly from another. Each space has a specific use with its respective level of activity, temperature, occupancy, ventilation rates, and size. All of these factors have an effect on the HVAC loads. For example, a 00 square foot private office with a northern exposure and single person occupancy schedule of 8:00 am to 5:00 pm will require different HVAC loads than a 2000 square foot retail space with southern and eastern exposures and a widely varying number of occupants and times for which they will be in the space. What this system does is utilize sensors and special fans (VAV boxes) to accommodate these differences in occupancies. The second floor office space, for example, contains an enclosed conference room. This individual space (zone) may have varying loads in itself. CO2 sensors can be used to determine when and how much air must be ventilated to allow fresh air to those occupying the space. There may be times when the room is full and a group is giving off more heat and expelling more CO2 collectively. The air must then require higher cooling and ventilation loads than if it were empty. Temperature (thermostat) and CO2 sensors will be put into place in each zone to tell the system how much air needs to be passed over the heating and cooling coils. When a zone requires more air, the damper inside the VAV opens, allowing more air to be passed across these coils, heating or cooling the air. When the space does not demand use, the damper will close and allow the air in the system to be recycled by returning to the air handling unit to mix with outdoor air. This cycle allows outdoor air to be pre-treated before returning to our spaces, thus decreasing the energy required to heat or cool the air being delivered to our spaces.

16 Last, other requirements given by the OPR include compliance with the codes listed above by ASHRAE. These codes specify the parameters for which devices should operate and include lighting watts per square foot, equipment efficiencies, ventilation rates, maintenance of thermal comfort, refrigerant systems, and the effectiveness of air change in systems. Equipment must be selected to satisfy the requirements of standard 90. which will in turn affect heating and cooling loads. With lower efficiencies come the loss of energy through heat. This heat must be cooled. While adhering to these strict provisions, we find that heating loads increase. However, due to a cooling dominated climate, the overall savings more than make up for this. Equipment must also be selected to provide a comfortable atmosphere for our occupants. Over sizing equipment may provide too much air flow which some may find uncomfortable. Under sizing equipment may prove ineffective at best. Many factors have been considered in our design and each has an equal effect on another system.

17 ARE 4720-AET Sr. Project VTC Spring 208 MAD Engineers Morgan Easton Adam McAvoy David Pietryka In the final semester of the Architectural Engineering Technology Bachelor of Science program at Vermont Technical College, seniors are tasked with participating in the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) design competition. This competition is sponsored by ASHRAE and provides the students with a location, a building footprint and Owner Project Requirements. With this information the students must work in teams to design a sustainable building system in their chosen discipline. The competition categories include the choice of HVAC Design Calculations, HVAC System Selection, or Integrated Sustainable Building Design (ISBD). Our team, comprised of Morgan Easton, Adam McAvoy, and David Pietryka, chose to participate in the ISBD Design Competition. The ISBD category requires a more holistic, schematic level design of the building as a whole, considering sustainable and Net-Zero aspects. In the design process, our building must meet the requirements in ASHRAE 89., Standard for the Design of High Performance Green Buildings, and implements Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to approach Zero Net Energy if possible. The ISBD Design competition encompases various aspects that have been covered throughout the AET Program at Vermont Tech. These aspects include, but are not limited to architecture, construction, mechanical design, electrical, plumbing, sustainable design concepts, and site development. Although it is not required for the ASHRAE competition, we are required to include a structural design component to the design schematics by request of the lead professor, Scott A. Sabol, PE. Owner Project Requirements (OPR) have been provided on the ASHRAE website. This document outlines the project description, the owner s directives, design requirements, budget considerations and limitations, building assumptions, and codes and standards. We have also been provided with a Utility and Service Life Overview for the building. Along with these documents, we have been provided with AutoCAD floor plans of the building we are designing. The hypothetical owner in this design competition wants to build a new 70,000 square foot four story mixed-use building. The building is sited to be located north of Istanbul, Turkey near Arnavutkoy, just south of the new international airport. The building plan includes restaurant space, retail, office space, and lodging. This facility plan considers the upcoming rapid growth in the area after the airport is completed in 209. The Owners directives include a request for every effort to be made to provide a sustainable design considering energy efficiency, health and safety, occupant comfort, functionality, longevity, flexibility, serviceability, and maintainability. Another important consideration that covers all components is system and design choices made on the lowest possible life cycle cost. Our team approach for this project is to each specialize in a specific component of the building, and work together to create the most effective schematic level design to meet the OPR as well as the design competition and project requirements specified in the grading criteria. We plan to use a building commissioning approach to reach these goals.