Canadian Wood Council G063. Fire Resistance Tools and Information for Wood-Frame Buildings

Transcription

1 Canadian Wood Council G063 Fire Resistance Tools and Information for Wood-Frame Buildings Ineke Van Zeeland, M.Eng., Senior Manager, Codes & Standards Fire & Acoustics, Canadian Wood Council November 24, 2015

2 Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

3 Course Description This seminar will discuss various sources of information and tools that may be used to develop solutions to meet the building code s fire resistance rating requirements for wood buildings, including the 2015 revisions to the Component Additive Method and a new Annex B, entitled Fire resistance of large cross section wood elements, in CSA O86 Engineering Design in Wood.

4 Learning Objectives Key learning points: The speaker will present the various sources of information and tools that may be used to develop solutions to meet the building code s fire resistance rating requirements for wood buildings. The presenter will discuss the 2015 revisions to the Component Additive Method. The presenter will discuss the new Annex B, entitled Fire resistance of large crosssection wood elements, in CSA O86 Engineering Design in Wood. Participants will understand how to develop solutions that meet the building code s fireresistance rating requirements for wood buildings.

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6 Fire Resistance fire resistance, n the ability of a material, product, or assembly to withstand fire or give protection from it for a period of time. (ASTM E Standard Terminology of Fire Standards)

7 OBC Division A - Part 1 Fire-resistance rating : "...the time in minutes or hours that a material or assembly of materials will withstand the passage of flame and the transmission of heat when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria, or as determined by extension or interpretation of information derived from that test and performance as prescribed in this Code."

8 OBC 2015 Division B Fire-resistance Ratings Sentence (1): CAN/ULC-S101 - Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials

9 OBC 2015 Division B Fire-resistance Ratings Sentence (2): MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, Fire Performance Ratings

10 OBC 2015 Division B Fire-resistance and Fire- Protection Ratings Sentence (1): Part 3 MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-3 Fire and Sound Resistance of Building Assemblies

11 CAN/ULC-S101 Horizontal Furnace 11

12 CAN/ULC-S101 Loading Horizontal Furnace 12

13 CAN/ULC-S101 Vertical Furnace 13

14 CAN/ULC-S101 Temperature Exposure Temperature ( o C) Time (minutes) 14

15 CAN/ULC-S101 Standard Fire-resistance Test Failure Criteria Structural Failure Insulation Failure Integrity Failure 15

16 Structural Failure

17 Structural Failure

18 Insulation Failure 18

19 Integrity Failure

20 Fire-resistance Ratings

21 Fire-resistance Ratings Generic Listings Proprietary Listings Empirical Calculation Methods

22 Generic Listings MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-3 22

23 Generic Listings MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-3 23

24 Generic Listings Table A A (Walls): NRC-IRC Internal Report: IR833 - Results of Fire Resistance Tests on Full-Scale Gypsum Board Wall Assemblies; Sultan, M. A., et al. Table A B (Floors, Ceilings and Roofs): NRC-IRC Internal Report: IR764 - Results of Fire Resistance Tests on Full-Scale Floor Assemblies; Sultan, M. A., et al. NRC-IRC Research Report: RR184 - Results of Fire Resistance Tests on Full-Scale Floor Assemblies - Phase II; Sultan, M. A., et al. 24

25 Additional CAN/ULC-S101 Testing: NRC/CWC/FPInnovations Midrise Research: 25

26 Additional CAN/ULC-S101 Testing: NRC/CWC/FPInnovations Midrise Research: 26

27 Proprietary Listings 27

28 Empirical Calculation Methods: Component Additive Method (CAM) OBC 2015: SB-2 Fire-Performance Ratings Section 2 Fire-Resistance Ratings Subsection 2.3. Wood and Steel Framed Walls, Floors and Roofs Last revised for NBCC

29 Empirical Calculation Methods: Component Additive Method (CAM) Currently does not apply to assemblies using: 29

30 Empirical Calculation Methods: Component Additive Method (CAM) Major revisions for 2015 NBC: Double layers of gypsum board (walls and floors) Wood I-joists, more wood truss types Additional insulation types/locations and floor toppings Use of resilient metal channels 30

31 Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM Current OBC SB-2 Description One layer of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board One layer of 15.9 mm Type X Gypsum Board Wood Wall Assemblies Membrane Members Insulation Assigned Description Assigned Description time (min) time (min) Wood 400 mm o.c. Wood 600 mm o.c. Wood 400 mm o.c. Wood 600 mm o.c Total FRR Assigned time (min) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 50 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI 0 45 (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 45 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI 0 40 (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 65 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI 0 60 (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 60 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI (Loadbearing) 0 55

32 Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM NEW 2015 NBC Appendix D-2.3. Membrane Members Insulation Resilient Description Assigned time (min) Description Assigned time (min) Description Assigned time (min) Metal Channels (min) MFI - rock or slag (Loadbearing & One layer of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board One layer of 15.9 mm Type X Gypsum Board Wood 400 mm o.c. Wood 600 mm o.c. Wood 400 mm o.c. Wood 600 mm o.c. Wood Wall Assemblies Total FRR Nonloadbearing) CFI dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) CFI dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) CFI dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) CFI dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI (Loadbearing)

33 Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM NEW 2015 NBC Appendix D-2.3. Wood Wall Assemblies Membrane Members Insulation Assigned Assigned Description Description time (min) time (min) Description Loadbearing 2 layers of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board Non-loadbearing 2 layers of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board Wood 400 mm o.c. Wood 600 mm o.c. Wood 400 mm o.c. Wood 600 mm o.c Total FRR* Assigned time (min) RFI CFI dry-blown None & GFI 0 70 RFI CFI dry-blown None & GFI 0 65 RFI GFI None RFI GFI None 0 95

34 Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM Current OBC SB-2 Wood Floor Assemblies Description 1 layer of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board 1 layer of 15.9 mm Type X Gypsum Board Membrane Assigned time (min) Members Description Wood 400 mm o.c. maximum Wood 600 mm o.c. maximum Wood 400 mm o.c. maximum Wood 600 mm o.c. maximum Assigned time (min) Total FRR*

35 Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM NEW 2015 NBC Appendix D-2.3. Wood Floor Assemblies Description 1 layers of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board 1 layer of 15.9 mm Type X Gypsum Board Membrane Members Insulation Topping Resilient Assigned Assigned Assigned Assigned Metal time Description time Description time Description time Channels (min) (min) (min) (min) Spaced 400 mm o.c. Spaced 400 mm o.c Wood Joists, Trusses, 600 mm o.c. maximum Wood Joists, Trusses, 600 mm o.c. maximum MFI (rock or slag) or CFI (wetsprayed) 5 None or GFI 0 MFI (rock or slag) or CFI (wetsprayed) 5 None or GFI 0 Total FRR None or Gypsumconcrete 0 40 Concrete 5 45 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 35 Concrete 5 40 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 55 Concrete 5 60 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 50 Concrete 5 55

36 Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM NEW 2015 NBC Appendix D-2.3. Wood Floor Assemblies Description 2 layers of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board 2 layers of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board 2 layer of 15.9 mm Type X Gypsum Board Membrane Members Insulation Topping Resilient Assigned Assigned Assigned Metal time Description time Description time Description Channels (min) (min) (min) Spaced 400 mm o.c. (or direct applied to members 400 mm o.c.) Spaced 600 mm o.c. (or direct applied) Spaced 600 mm o.c. (or direct applied) Wood Joists, Trusses, 600 mm o.c. maximum Wood Joists, Trusses, 600 mm o.c. maximum Wood Joists, Trusses, 600 mm o.c. maximum RFI or CFI (wetsprayed) 5 None or GFI 0 RFI or CFI (wetsprayed) 5 None or GFI 0 RFI or CFI (wetsprayed) 5 None or GFI 0 Assigned time (min) Total FRR None or Gypsumconcrete 0 65 Concrete 5 70 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 60 Concrete 5 65 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 60 Concrete 5 65 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 55 Concrete 5 60 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 75 Concrete 5 80 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 70 Concrete 5 75

37 Heavy Timber Construction OBC Subsection sets out the requirements that must be conformed to for code-defined heavy timber construction e.g. Table Heavy Timber Dimensions 37

38 Division B - Article Heavy Timber Construction Alternative: (1): If combustible construction is permitted and is not required to have a fire-resistance rating of more than 45 min, heavy timber construction is permitted to be used. 38

39 Generic Listings OBC 2015: SB-2 Fire-Performance Ratings Section 2 Fire-Resistance Ratings 39

40 Empirical FRR Calculation Method: SB-2 Subsection Glued-Laminated Timber Beams and Columns Validated by test results For FRRs greater than 45 min 40

41 Empirical FRR Calculation Method: SB-2 Subsection Glued-Laminated Timber Beams and Columns 41

42 Empirical FRR Calculation Method: SB-2 Subsection Glued-Laminated Timber Beams and Columns 42

43 Empirical FRR Calculation Method: SB-2 Subsection Glued-Laminated Timber Beams and Columns K = effective length factor (CAN/CSA-O86) L = unsupported length of column 43

44 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: Mass Timber Beams and Columns Additional Information: American Wood Council ( DCA 2 - Design of Fire-Resistive Exposed Wood Members TR10 - Calculating the Fire Resistance of Exposed Wood Members 44

45 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O Large Cross-section Wood Elements (Mass Timber) 5.6 Fire resistance Where applicable, design for fire resistance shall be in accordance with the NBCC. Note: See Annex B for a methodology that provides useful information in the development of a proposal for an alternative solution to meet the objectives of the NBCC.

46 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O Large Cross-section Wood Elements (Mass Timber)

47 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O Annex B Materials - Solid-sawn lumber - Glued-laminated timber (glulam) - Structural composite lumber (SCL)

48 Concept of Fire Resistance for Large Cross-section Wood Members Char Layer Char Base Pyrolysis Zone Pyrolysis Zone Base Normal Wood 48

49 Concept of Fire Resistance for Large Cross-section Wood Members 49

50 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O Annex B Modification Factors for Fire Design - Resistance factor, - Load duration factor, K d - System factor, K H - Size factor, K Z - Lateral stability factor, K L - Slenderness ratio, C C - Slenderness factor, K C - Specified strength adjustment factor for fire design, K fi

51 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O Annex B Char Depth o = one-dimensional charring rate n = notional charring rate

52 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O Annex B Zero-strength layer

53 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O Annex B Resistance of reduced cross-section Calculate sectional properties using reduced cross-sectional dimensions (char depth + zero-strength layer depth) Use modification factors

54 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O Annex B Fire-resistance rating A structural element shall be assigned a fireresistance rating of a particular duration of fire exposure if the reduced structural resistance of the element, after the specified exposure time, is greater than the specified gravity load effects. Resistance reduced(t=frr) Demand

55 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O Annex B Surfaces initially protected by gypsum board one layer of 12.7 mm Type X 15 min one layer of 15.9 mm Type X 30 min two layers of 15.9 mm Type X 60 min Connections Limited information at this time AWC s Technical Report 10 Eurocode 5: Part 1-2

56 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O Annex B Wood decking double tongue-and-groove single tongue-and-groove or internal spline butt-jointed unexposed surface protection T&G wood flooring 19 mm thick, laid crosswise or diagonally T&G plywood or OSB 12.5 mm thick concrete topping 38 mm thick gypsum-concrete topping 25 mm thick

57 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O Supplement Annex B Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) 57

58 Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) 58

59 Additional Resources: Fire Safety Design in Buildings, Canadian Wood Council, 1996 (free PDF - Janssens, M., and Douglas, Brad; Chapter 7 - Wood and Wood Products, Handbook of Building Materials for Fire Protection, McGraw-Hill, White, Robert H.; Section 4, Chapter 11 - Analytical Methods for Determining Fire Resistance of Timber Members, The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Society of Fire Protection Engineering, 4th Edition, White, Robert H., et al.; Wood Handbook, Chapter 18: Fire Safety of Wood Construction, 2010 (free PDF - SP Report 2010:19, Fire Safety in Timber Buildings: Technical Guideline, 2010.

60 This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Canadian Wood Council Wood WORKS! Ontario