Building Preservation Material Technologies

Transcription

1 INNOVATIVE GROUTING SOLUTIONS Seminario de la Beca: Dr. Ramon Carrasquillo, PhD, Reparaciones Estructurales: Soluciones Innovadoras PREPARED BY: JOSE R GAYA, P.E., M.ENG. Building Material Technologies April

2 What Is Grout? BASIC DEFINITION: PARTICULAR FORM OF FLUID CONCRETE USED TO FILL GAPS WITH MULTIPLE USES

3 Grouting MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS GEOTECH

4 Grouting MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS EVERYDAY APPLICATIONS

5 Grouting For 1. Cementitous Grouts 2. Epoxy Resins 3. Polyurethans 4. Urethanes 5. Polymer Rubbers STRUCTURAL RESTORATION WATER CONTROL AND MITIGATION

6 Cement based grouts CEMENTITIOUS GROUTING: 1. Used efficiently to restore areas of structural elements 2. Compatibility of engineering properties a must 3.Can be injected into cracks does not benefit continuity 4. Form and Pump Method 5. Preplaced Aggregate Method

7 Cement based grouts FORM AND PUMP: 1. No limits on repair size 2. Pressurization consolidates the material 3. Formwork helpful for curing

8 FORM AND PUMP: Grouting For Cement based grouts Watertight Formwork Needed

9 FORM AND PUMP: Grouting For Cement based grouts

10 FORM AND PUMP: Grouting For Cement based grouts

11 FORM AND PUMP: Grouting For Cement based grouts

12 PREPLACED AGGREGATE METHOD: Benefits: 1. Low Drying Shrinkage 2. Point to point contact between coarse aggregates 3. Cement grouts or epoxy grouts

13 CRACK STABILIZATION Cracks at 45 Degree Angle CRACK STABILIZATION REPAIR STRATEGY What s the Desired Outcome? Visual Appearance Water control and Mitigation Performance Beyond our Scope

14 WATER ISSUES? Grouting For CRACK STABILIZATION Water Filtration Through Joint

15 CRACK STABILIZATION STRUCTURAL FAILURE? Failure

16 CRACK STABILIZATION HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURES?

17 SHEAR CRACKS? Grouting For CRACK STABILIZATION Shear Failure Failure

18 STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY Shear Cracks Cracks = Tension Normal to Crack Plane Cracks Cracks Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle

19 STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY Effects of Cracks Loss of structural continuity Reduction in structural capacity of an element Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle Loss of continuity

20 STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY Effects of Cracks Entry point for harmful chemicals Advises on future collapse Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle

21 Chemical Ingress Cracks STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY Chemical Ingress Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle Delamination and Corrosion

22 Chemical Ingress STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle

23 STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY Correction of Cracks Pressure Inject or Gravity Feed Epoxy or MMA

24 Low Pressure Crack Injection Methods High Pressure STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY Pneumatic Gun Manual Gun Shear Cracks At 45 High Degree Pressure angleinjection Equipment DURABILITY

25 STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY EPOXY PASTE INJECTION PORT High Pressure Injection 1.Epoxy Paste Over Cracks 2.Injection Ports 3.Low Viscosity Injection Resin Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle

26 STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY QUALITY CONTROL Visual Inspection Watch Highest Port Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle Counterflow Start Injection At Lowest Point

27 STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY QUALITY CONTROL Laboratory Testing ASTM D695, Test Method for Compressive Properties of Shear Cracks Rigid Plastics At 45 Degree angle ASTM D638, Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics Start Injection At Lowest Point

28 STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY QUALITY CONTROL Field Tests ASTM C 881 Specification for Epoxy Adhesive Bonding Shear Cracks Systems for Concrete At 45 Degree angle Confirming Material will harden Injection Adhesive Tests Testing Two Component Injection Equipment Concrete Cores ASTM C 42

29 STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY QUALITY CONTROL 1 core every 30 Meters Adequate if 90% of Crack is filledcr ASTM C39 ASTM C 496 At Degree angle

30 STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY QUALITY CONTROL NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OPTIONSngle 1.ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY 2.IMPACT ECHO 3.SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SURFACE WAVES

31 STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY Reminders on Crack Injection Does not address, the why!!!! Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle

32 Reminders on Crack Grouting For Injection Reinforcement May Be Necessary STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY DURABILITY Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle

33 Water Control Water causes unwanted chemical reactions in the concrete Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle

34 Water ingress accelerates the corrosion process in structures Entry point for health issues such as mold Water Control Delamination Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle Rust Marks Cracks with Water Filtration

35 Water Control and Mitigatioin Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle

36 Water Control and Mitigatioin Above Ground Injection strategies/materials HMWMMA Polyurethane Grouts Below Ground Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle Polyurethane Grouts Polymer Rubber Gels

37 Grouting For Above Ground Water Control and Mitigation

38 Above Ground Water Control and Mitigation Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle Gravity Feed Application HMW MMA

39 Water Control and Mitigation Above Ground Repairing a Filtrating Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle Construction Joint

40 Above Ground Water Control and Mitigation Shear Cracks At 45 Degree angle Gravity Feed HMW MMA

41 Water Control and Mitigation Above Ground Similar Process as Epoxy Injection Polyurethane Grout Injection

42 Above Ground Water Control and Mitigation

43 Water Control and Mitigatioin Below Ground/Under Hydrostatic Pressure Water Filtrating Through Construction Joints

44 Below Ground/Under Grouting For Hydrostatic Pressure Water Control and Mitigation Water Filtrating Through Construction Joints

45 Below Ground/Under Grouting For Hydrostatic Pressure Water Control and Mitigation Water Filtrating Through Construction Joints

46 Below Ground/Under Grouting For Water Control and Mitigation Use of Polymer Rubber Gel System Hydrostatic Pressure

47 Below Ground/Under Grouting For Water Control and Mitigation Use of Polymer Rubber Gel System Hydrostatic Pressure

48 Below Ground/Under Grouting For Water Control and Mitigation Use of Polymer Rubber Gel System Hydrostatic Pressure

49 Water Control and Mitigation Use of Polymer Rubber Gel System Below Ground/Under Hydrostatic Pressure Strategy in Blind Side WP: 1.Watch for counter flow 2.Fill voids where water can accumulate 3.Provide pressure release so water always flows 4.An on going process

50 Below Ground/Under Grouting For Water Control and Mitigation Use of Polymer Rubber Gel System Hydrostatic Pressure Counter Flow Grout Holes

51 Grouting For Water Control and Mitigation Use of Polymer Rubber Gel System Below Ground/Under Hydrostatic Pressure Drainage Pipes for Pressure Release

52 Below Ground/Under Grouting For Hydrostatic Pressure Water Control and Mitigation New Drainage System

53 THANK YOU