Pile Driving Inspector Course

Transcription

1 Pile Driving Inspector Course and Piles Arrive on Site July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-1 Release 10 July

2 Learning Outcomes Verify and document equipment matches accepted Pile Installation Plan Document Contractor compliance with protection of existing structures, excavations, etc. Verify Contractor compliance for transportation, handling, storage, labeling & marking of piles Identify Contractor provided elevations July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-2 When the Contractor and equipment arrive on-site, the Inspector has a variety of many things to check from verifying that the Contractor has initiated their Protection of Existing Structures to verify that the equipment brought on site matches that one included in the accepted Pile Installation Plan. Release 10 July

3 Section 108 Monitor Existing Structures Description. Provide settlement, vibration and groundwater monitoring in accordance with the requirements of this Section. The work required under this Section does not modify the requirements or responsibilities for preservation of existing property from damage in accordance with Evaluate the need for, design of, and provide any necessary precautionary features to protect existing structures from damage. Employ construction methods that will not produce damaging vibrations, soil movement, soil loss, or instability of existing structures. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-3 Release 10 July

4 Section 108 Monitor Existing Structures Construction Structures other than Miscellaneous: When excavating or constructing retaining walls and foundations for bridges, buildings, and structures other than miscellaneous structures, inspect and document the condition of the following existing structures, and survey and monitor for settlement the following existing structures: 1. as shown in the Plans. 2. within a distance of five shaft or auger cast pile diameters, or the estimated depth of drilled shaft or auger cast pile excavation, whichever is greater, measured from the center of these foundation elements. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-4 Release 10 July

5 Section 108 Monitor Existing Structures Structures other than Miscellaneous: (cont d) 3. within a distance of three times the depth of any other excavations. 4. within 200 feet of sheet pile installation and extraction operations. 5. within 100 feet of steel soldier pile installation and extraction operations. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-5 Release 10 July

6 Section 108 Monitor Existing Structures Structures other than Miscellaneous: (cont d) 6. for projects with pile driving operations, inspect and document the condition of all structures within a distance, in feet, of pile driving operations equal to 0.25 times the square root of the impact hammer energy, in foot-pounds. Survey and monitor for settlement all structures within a distance, in feet, of pile driving operations equal to 0.5 times the square root of the impact hammer energy, in foot-pounds. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-6 Release 10 July

7 Section 108 Monitor Existing Structures Settlement Surveying and Monitoring Requirements: Obtain the Engineer s approval for the number and location of monitoring points. Survey and monitor the settlement of structures, recording elevations to foot: 1. before beginning construction 2. daily, during the driving of any casings, piling, or sheeting, 3. daily, during compaction 4. daily, during foundation drilling July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-7 Release 10 July

8 Section 108 Monitor Existing Structures Settlement Surveying and Monitoring Requirements: (cont d) 5. weekly, for two weeks after stopping pile driving 6. during excavation 7. during blasting 8. or, as directed by the Engineer Upon either detecting movement of feet or damage to the structure, immediately stop the construction operations affecting the structure, backfill any open excavations, notify the Engineer and submit a corrective action plan for acceptance by the Engineer. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-8 Release 10 July

9 Distance for Monitoring Structures D Distance from Pile to be monitored (D) for settlements English D = 0.5 x Hammer Energy (Ft-lbs.) July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-9 Here is a graphical representation of the settlement monitoring requirements for pile driving. Structures within the radius given by the equation must be monitored for settlements. Release 10 July

10 Distance for Surveying Structures D Distance from Pile to be inspected (D) English D = 0.25 x Hammer Energy (Ft-lbs.) July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-10 And here is a graphical representation of the pre-construction and post-construction survey monitoring requirements for pile driving. Structures within the radius given by the equation must be inspected prior and after construction operations. Release 10 July

11 Section 108 Monitor Existing Structures Inspection and Documentation Requirements: Inspect and document the condition of the existing structures and all existing cracks with descriptions and pictures using a qualified Specialty Engineer. Prepare two reports documenting the condition of the structures: one report before beginning the construction operations that may affect the existing structures such as but not limited to foundation construction, excavations, vibratory compaction, dewatering and retaining wall construction, and a second report after completing such construction operations. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-11 Release 10 July

12 Section 108 Monitor Existing Structures Inspection and Documentation Requirements: (cont d) Include in the reports the Specialty Engineer s assessment of any damage present, and in the event of damage, the Specialty Engineer s assessment of whether the observed damage is the result of the construction operations. Submit both reports to the Engineer. Inspecting and documenting the condition of bridges, sign, signal, lighting and ITS structures owned by the Department is not required except when shown in the Contract Documents. The Department will make the necessary arrangements to provide right of way entry to the existing structures. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-12 Release 10 July

13 Section 108 Monitor Existing Structures Vibration Monitoring: When shown in the Contract Documents, employ a qualified Specialty Engineer to continuously monitor and record vibration levels at the structures shown in the Plans during the operation of any equipment causing vibrations or during blasting operations. Submit the vibration records to the Engineer within 24 hours of performing the monitoring activity. Provide vibration monitoring equipment capable of detecting velocities of 0.01 inches per second or less. Obtain the Engineer s approval of the number and locations of the monitoring points. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-13 There is no equation based on Energy to monitor vibrations. The need for monitoring vibrations needs to be spelled out in the plans. Release 10 July

14 Section 108 Monitor Existing Structures Vibration Monitoring: Upon either detecting vibration levels reaching 0.5 inches per second or damage to the structure, immediately stop the source of vibrations, backfill any open excavations, notify the Engineer and submit a corrective action plan for acceptance by the Engineer. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-14 There is no equation based on Energy to monitor vibrations. The need for monitoring vibrations needs to be spelled out in the plans. Release 10 July

15 Learning Outcome A hammer has a rated energy of 99,400 ft. lbs. Answer the questions below. 1. Structures within what distance should be monitored for settlements by the Contractor? ft 2. Structures within what distance should be inspected and monitored for settlements by the Contractor? 78.8 ft July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-15 Release 10 July

16 Learning Outcome We are using a hammer with a rated hammer energy of 106,020 ft-lbs. Structures are located at the distances shown below. Which ones need to be monitored only and which ones need to be both inspected and monitored? Structure A Structure B Structure C Structure D Structure E 76 ft. 140 ft. 120 ft. 80 ft. 96 ft. Which structures need settlement monitoring only? Which structures need inspection and monitoring of settlements? July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-16 Please resolve the following review questions. A hammer has a rated energy of 106,020 ft. lbs.. Which structures need monitoring only? For monitoring the distance is equal to 0.5 times the square root of the Energy of the hammer in foot pounds which is foot pounds. Resolving gives a distance of feet. Any structure within this distance must be monitored for settlements. Therefore the answer is B, C and E. Which structures need Surveying and monitoring? D for survey is equal to 0.25 times the square root of the Energy in foot pounds which is foot pounds. Resolving gives a distance of 81.4 ft. Structures within 81.4 will require precondition and post condition survey. Since this distance is also less than the required for settlement monitoring, structures within 81.4 ft from the source will require also monitoring. Therefore the answer is structures A and D because the distances is less than 81.4 ft. Release 10 July

17 Learning Outcome If an adjacent structure settles 0.01 ft during pile driving, what should the contractor do: A. Stop monitoring B. Stop driving C. Notify Engineer D. Submit corrective action Answer: B, C and D July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-17 Release 10 July

18 Learning Outcome The Contractor is performing settlement monitoring during pile driving. Which of the following is correct: A. Use equipment that allows the recording of elevations to 0.01 ft B. Use equipment that allows the recording of elevations to 0.05 ft C. Use equipment that allows the recording of elevations to ft D. Use equipment that allows the recording of elevations to 0.1 ft Answer: C July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-18 Release 10 July

19 Excavation Excavation: Complete all excavation of the foundations prior to installing piles or shafts unless otherwise authorized by the Engineer. After completing pile/shaft installation, remove all loose and displaced materials from around the piles/shafts, leaving a clean, solid surface. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-19 Here the specifications refer to the excavations required to construct the footers or pile cap. These need to be done prior to install the piles. Release 10 July

20 Abutment (End Bent) Fill Abutment (End Bent) Fill: Place and compact the fill before installing end-bent piling/shafts, except when driving specified test piling in end bents or the Plans show uncased piles through proprietary retaining wall fills. When installing piles/shafts or casing prior to placing fill, take necessary precautions to prevent displacement of piles/shafts during placing and compacting fill materials within 15 feet of the piles/shafts or casing. Reference and check the position of the piles/shafts or casing at three approximately equal intervals during construction of the embankment. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-20 Release 10 July

21 Cofferdams If not in Plans, must employ Specialty Engineer for design Provide diver and safety diver Equip with voice communications Contact the PA for specifics on each project. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-21 If the cofferdams design is not addressed in Plans the Contractor must employ Specialty Engineer to design it. The Contractor must Provide diver and safety diver equipped with voice communications devices to inspect the final conditions of the foundation enclosure. Release 10 July

22 Cofferdams Cofferdams: Construct cofferdams as detailed in the Plans. When cofferdams are not detailed in the Plans, employ a qualified Specialty Engineer to design cofferdams, and to sign and seal the plans and specification requirements. Submit the designs to the Engineer for their records before beginning construction. Contact the PA for specifics on each project. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-22 Release 10 July

23 Cofferdams (cont d) Provide a qualified diver and a safety diver to inspect the conditions of the foundation enclosure or cofferdam when the Contract Documents require a seal for construction. Equip these divers with suitable voice communications, and have them inspect the foundation enclosure and cofferdam periphery including each sheeting indentation and around each piling or drilled shaft to ensure that no layers of mud or other undesirable materials were left above the bottom of seal elevation during the excavation process. Also have the divers check to make sure the surfaces of the piles or drilled shafts are sufficiently clean to allow bond of the concrete down to the minimum bottom of seal elevation. Contact the PA for specifics on each project. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-23 Release 10 July

24 Cofferdams (cont d) Ensure that there are no mounds of stone, shell, or unapproved backfill material left after placement and grading. Assist the Engineer as required to ensure that the seal is placed as specified and evaluate the adequacy of the foundation soils or rock. Correct any deficiencies found by the divers. Upon completion of inspection by the divers, the Department may also elect to inspect the work before authorizing the Contractor to proceed with subsequent construction operations. Submit a written report by the divers to the Engineer indicating the results of their underwater inspection before requesting authorization to place the seal concrete. Contact the PA for specifics on each project. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-24 Release 10 July

25 Inspector Responsibility VERIFYING, DOCUMENTING July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-25 Introduction to Inspector Responsibilities Release 10 July

26 Checking Equipment Equipment Delivery, Handling & Storage of Piles Marking & Location of Pile Templates Reference Points/Elevations Jetting/Preformed Holes Splices Pile Driving Operations July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-26 Inspector has various responsibilities, such as: verifying the correct equipment is on the job. Verify the Delivery, Handling & Storage of Piles Verify the Marking & Location of Piles Verify Templates Verify that Reference Points/Elevations are provided Observe Jetting/Preformed Holes operations Observe construction of Splices Monitor and record Pile Driving Operations Release 10 July

27 Check Hammer Check Hammer Manufacturer Model Type Serial Number Energy Rating Ram Weight Ram Stroke July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-27 The Contractor specified in their plan, the details on the pile driving system, including hammer, helmets and cushions. Once the plan is approved, there are to be no changes without the Engineers approval. As Inspector, you need to verify that the equipment matches the approved plan. The hammer model, serial number, energy rating should match, as well as the cushion materials and thickness, and helmet (cap block) dimensions. Release 10 July

28 Checking Equipment For air/steam or hydraulic hammer, is the power source correct? Are calibrated gauges provided for reading pressures? July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-28 It is important to have the right external power supplies and working gauges to monitor power. The calibration frequency is typically set forth in the specifications and is generally within the last 90 days. Typical control panel On power source. Release 10 July

29 Checking Equipment Typical control panel on power source July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-29 Here is a Typical control panel for a hydraulic hammer Release 10 July

30 Checking Equipment For air/steam, is a slide bar for setting stroke height provided? July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-30 In air hammers a slide bar is used to set up the stroke heights. In the photo, the slide bar is set in the cog for full stroke. The other cog is for half stroke. Release 10 July

31 Checking Equipment For closed end diesel hammers is a calibrated bounce chamber gauge provided? July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-31 Here is a bounce chamber pressure gauge for closed end diesel hammers. Release 10 July

32 Check Leads Are the leads the same as specified in the Pile Installation Plan? July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-32 The leads perform the very important function of holding the hammer and pile in good alignment with each other. Poor alignment reduces energy transfer as some energy is then imparted into horizontal motion. Poor alignment also generally results in higher bending stresses and higher local contact stresses which can cause pile damage. This is particularly important at end of driving when driving resistance is highest and driving stresses are generally increased. Sometimes the specifications do not allow certain lead systems or may require a certain type system. A pile gate at the lead bottom which properly centers the pile should be required, as it helps maintain good alignment. The Inspector needs to verify that the Contractor brought the leads that were approved in the Pile Installation Plan. Was a fixed lead system, like that shown here, approved and the leads on-site are swinging, or semi-fixed? Release 10 July

33 Check Leads July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-33 Are the leads long enough to hold the maximum pile length and hammer in alignment? Release 10 July

34 Check Helmet July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-34 The Inspector is to verify that the weight, diameter and depth of the drive head is as presented in the Pile Installation Plan. It needs to fit loosely over the pile to be driven and also have sufficient room to accommodate the required hammer cushion. Generally, the diameter is slightly larger than the pile diameter. Fit is more critical for concrete piles. Release 10 July

35 Check Hammer Cushions July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-35 The Contractor s Plan and the Driving Criteria Letter, will contain hammer cushion data. Check to see that the cushions are in good condition. A single polymer cushion typically will be 2 thick. Release 10 July

36 Check Hammer Cushions July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-36 This slide shows a Micarta (phenolic canvas) cushion at your left and a hammortex cushion at your right. If the hammer cushion is to consist of several components, for example, a Hammortex sandwiched with aluminum disks, then the sandwich thickness is measured and the sandwiching compared to the approved plan. Release 10 July

37 Check Hammer Cushions July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-37 Here is an inspector verifying the measurements of a hammer cushion. Release 10 July

38 Check Pile Cushions July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-38 Pile Cushions are made of plywood or oak lumber. Note in the left hand photo there are 8 pieces of plywood, which at ¾ each would provide for a 6 cushion. The Inspector needs to measure the cushion for the minimum thickness requirement. A specified thickness may be noted in the Pile installation Plan or Driving Criteria letter. If, for example, it is specified that the pile cushion is to be 6 thick, the Inspector needs to verify that thickness. Release 10 July

39 Check Pile Cushions July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-39 Here is a short video showing the installation of the pile cushion into the helmet. Release 10 July

40 Checking Piles Equipment Delivery, Handling & Storage of Piles Marking & Location of Piles Templates Reference Points/Elevations Jetting/Preformed Holes Splices Pile Driving Operations July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-40 It is extremely important that piles, specifically concrete, be lifted, transported and stored properly to ensure adequate support throughout their length. Improper lifting or storage can cause bending of the piles, and in the case of concrete can cause microcracks. Typically, details for lifting and support (dunnage) of piles is shown in the contract documents. Piles should be inspected as they arrive from the prestress yard. Look for visible damage to the pile Check for production dates and Acceptance stamp Match pile lengths with authorized casting lengths Check that lifting eyes have been removed and epoxied at the casting yard. This should include checking that the prestressing strands have been properly removed. Verify that handling and storage on-site complies with the Plan Sheets and Standard Plans. Release 10 July

41 Checking Piles July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-41 Here is short video showing piles on-site. The Inspector needs to check casting date, pile number, etc. Pile may have casting date and stamp as discussed earlier or may be accompanied by paperwork. Release 10 July

42 Checking Piles Compare diameter, length and wall thickness to plan details. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-42 Pipe Piles: For steel pipe piles, measure the diameters, wall thickness and lengths and compare to the plans. Release 10 July

43 Piling Storage July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-43 Here is a picture of steel piles being stored with dunnage. Release 10 July

44 Checking Piles Measure the Pile Depth and Flange Width for comparison to plan details. 10 X 59 = July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-44 H piles: This is an illustration of a 10 x 59 H pile. H Piles are typically identified by the pile depth and the flange width and weight per foot. In this slide this is a 10 x 10 pile with a linear weight of 59 lbs per foot Release 10 July

45 Checking Piles July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-45 This table indicate the typical H pile sizes. In parenthesis is the designation for the metric system equivalents. A typical ticket is shown at the right of the slide. Release 10 July

46 Timber Piling Check length and straightness. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-46 Timber piles generally arrive at the site in the required lengths. It is not very common to splice timber piles and is prohibited by the specifications. Release 10 July

47 Timber Piling Materials: Meet the timber piling requirements of Section 953. Treat the piles according to the applicable provisions of Section 955. Treat all cuts and drilled holes in accordance with Physical details for round timber piles are sometimes referred to in the ASTM pile specification, ASTM D25. Regardless of the referenced specifications, the following items should be checked for compliance: July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-47 Release 10 July

48 Timber Piling (cont d) a. The timber should be of the specified species. b. The piles should have the specified minimum length, and have the correct pile toe and butt sizes. c. The pile butt must be cut squarely with the pile axis. d. The twist of spiral grain and the number and distribution of knots should be acceptable. e. The piles should be acceptably straight. f. The piles must be pressure treated as specified. g. The pile butts and/or toe may require banding per the specifications. h. Steel shoes which may be specified must be properly attached. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-48 Release 10 July

49 Piling Storage July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-49 This slide shows prestressed concrete piles being stored with timber block supports. These supports must be a spacings not exceeding those indicated in the Standard Plans. Release 10 July

50 455-7 Prestressed Concrete Piling Storage and Handling: Time of Driving Piles: Drive prestressed concrete piles at any time after the concrete has been cured in accordance with Section 450, and the concrete compressive strength is equal to or greater than the specified 28 day compressive strength Storage: Support piles on adequate dunnage both in the prestress yard and at the job site in accordance with the locations shown in the Standard Plans to minimize undue bending stresses or creating a sweep or camber in the pile. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-50 Release 10 July

51 455-7 Prestressed Concrete Piling Handling: Handle and store piles in the manner necessary to eliminate the danger of fracture by impact or of undue bending stresses in handling or transporting the piles from the forms and into the leads. In general, lift concrete piles by means of a suitable bridge or slings attached to the pile at the locations shown in the Standard Plans. Construct slings used to handle piles of a fabric material or braided wire rope constructed of six or more wire ropes which will not mar the corners or the surface finish of the piles. Do not use chains to handle piles. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-51 Release 10 July

52 455-7 Prestressed Concrete Piling Handling: (cont d) During transport, support concrete piles at the lifting locations shown in the Standard Plans or fully support them throughout 80% or more of their length. In handling piles for use in salty or brackish water, exercise special care to avoid damaging the surface and corners of the pile. If an alternate transportation support arrangement is desired, submit calculations, signed and sealed by the Specialty Engineer, for approval by the Engineer prior to transporting the pile. Calculations must show that the pile can be transported without exceeding the bending moments calculated using the support locations shown in the Plans. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-52 Release 10 July

53 455-7 Prestressed Concrete Piling Cracked Piles: The Engineer will reject any pile that becomes cracked in handling to the point that a transverse or longitudinal crack extends through the pile, shows failure of the concrete as indicated by spalling of concrete on the main body of the pile adjacent to the crack, which in the opinion of the Engineer will not withstand driving stresses, or becomes damaged during installation. The Engineer will not reject any pile for the occasional minor surface hairline cracking caused by shrinkage. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-53 Inspectors must note the damage, document with photographs, and report to PA. It is not the Inspector s responsibility to make final decisions on these piles. Release 10 July

54 Cracked Piles July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-54 The Inspector cannot reject a pile, that is the PA s authority. Inspect concrete piles closely for damage. If any is evident, document and contact the Project Administrator for instructions. Release 10 July

55 Two-Point Pick: Concrete Pile July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-55 Here is a short video that shows an improperly lifted concrete pile using two pick up points. Notice the bending of the pile. Release 10 July

56 Three-Point Pick: Concrete Pile July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-56 This short video shows a concrete pile being lifted by 3 pick up points. Notice in this case there is not bending as in the previous case. Release 10 July

57 Standard Plans, Index July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-57 Pick up points and support details for prestressed concrete piles: Here is the Standard Plans, Index that specifies the requirements for pick up and support points. The Contractor is typically required to mark their lifting points based upon the plan details. The Inspector should double-check the Contractor s marks by measuring the length of pile, the diameter (size) and then refer to the plan details to verify the marks are correct. The next slide will show a detail of the required spacing's for pick up and storage. Release 10 July

58 Pickup & Support Details July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-58 Here is a detail of the required distances or spacing s for pick up points and for storage and transport points. These distances will vary depending on the size of the pile. The smaller the size of the pile, the shorter the required distances between supports. The next exercise will illustrate the use of this index. The full size standard plan index is included in the Appendices. Use it for the next exercise. Release 10 July

59 Learning Outcome For a Precast Concrete Pile, 18 sq.: 65 ft. in length 1. Where should the pick up points be? 2. Where should the support be for a 3-point support? July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-59 Please work out this problem. Use the standard plans index included in the Appendices. Release 10 July

60 Learning Outcome July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-60 Please work out this problem. Use the Standard Plan Index included in the Appendices. Release 10 July

61 Checking Piles July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-61 Checking Piles: The inspector needs to document the conditions of the piles as they arrived to the site. Inspector needs to verify that the strands have been properly removed, the lifting eyes have been properly removed and patched and that the piles arrived to the site without damage. Also the inspector needs to verify that piles are handled properly. Document if the Contractor did not use support points and pick-up points in accordance to the standard plan index we just covered. Here is a picture of a concrete pile with bending cracks due to poor handling. Cases like this must be recorded, documented, photographed and brought to the attention of the PA. Release 10 July

62 455-7 Prestressed Concrete Piling Preparation for Transportation: Cut strands flush with the surface of the concrete using an abrasive cutting blade before transporting the piles from the casting yard. Cut and patch the metal lifting devices in accordance with July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-62 Release 10 July

63 455-7 Prestressed Concrete Piling Inserts and Lifting Devices: Placement: Locate inserts and lifting devices in accordance with the tolerances listed in Use only nonmetallic inserts and lifting devices with CFRP reinforced piling Corrosion Protection: After lifting operations using flush or protruding metallic or non-metallic lifting devices are complete, cut the lifting devices back to a minimum depth of 1 inch below the concrete surface and patch with a Type F epoxy compound meeting the requirements of Section 926. For all square prestressed piling, concrete sheet piling and concrete poles, cut and patch lifting devices before transporting from the casting yard. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-63 Release 10 July

64 Checking Piles July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-64 The Inspector must verify that the strands have been removed properly. They must be cut with an abrasive cutting blade- not burnt off as shown here. Release 10 July

65 Checking Piles Lifting eyes July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-65 Shown in the photo are the lifting eyes cast in at the yard to facilitate lifting the pile from the form after casting. As reviewed earlier, our specifications require these be removed and patched with epoxy prior to leaving the casting yard and arriving at the jobsite. Release 10 July

66 455-7 Prestressed Concrete Piling Method of Driving: Unless otherwise directed, drive piles by a hammer or by means of a combination of water jets and hammer when jetting is allowed. When using jets in combination with a hammer, withdraw the jets and drive the pile by the hammer alone to secure final penetration and to rigidly fix the tip end of the pile. Keep jets in place if they are being used to continuously eliminate the soil resistance in the scour zone. July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-66 Release 10 July

67 Check Templates July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-67 Check templates: The Inspector must verify that the Contractor is adhering to their Pile Installation Plan sequencing, use of jets, templates, leads, etc., part of which is to check the template construction against the approved plan template. Discrepancies to the approved plan should be pointed out and documented and the PA contacted. Release 10 July

68 Document Elevations July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-68 If a template is being used, it provides a great reference (elevation). When templates are used they are used as reference elevations as well. When fixed leads are used and no templates are used, then another suitable reference (batter board, string line, etc.) will need to be established. Have Contractor provide you the elevation. At all possible, avoid using a reference that moves or will need to be moved before completing driving of the pile. Typically this will be the template, as shown here in the photo. For Fixed Lead system, will need to set a string line or similar. The reference elevation is marked by the Contractor. Discuss emphasizing importance of selecting a reference that will not need to be moved. Needs to be stable. If reference is moved, then Inspector needs to recalculate Min. Tip Target Stop for Set-Check Cut-off Target. Also needs to note change in Pile Driving Record. Release 10 July

69 Learning Outcomes Verify and Document Equipment Matches Approved Pile Installation Plan Document Contractor Compliance with Protection of Existing Structures, Excavations, etc. Verify contractor compliance for transportation, handling, storage, labeling & marking of piles Identify Contractor provided elevations July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-69 Release 10 July

70 ANY QUESTIONS? July 2018 Pile Driving Inspector Release 10, Module 6-70 Release 10 July