ortana What you need to know to estimate your next Ortana Retaining Wall project

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "ortana What you need to know to estimate your next Ortana Retaining Wall project"

Transcription

1 E S T I M AT I N G G U I D E What you need to know to estimate your next Ortana Retaining project ortana

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Ortana System Parts of a Segmental Retaining System Classifications Selecting the Correct Estimating Chart Tiered s / Toe Slopes & Erosion Control / Regulatory Requirements Estimating Charts to 13 Estimating Tips - Free-standing s Estimating Tips - Corners and Curves Estimating Tips - Steps to 17 Design and Installation Resources Retaining Design Request Form ICON LEGEND WALL TYPE ALIGNMENT INSTALLATION OPTIONS FREE-STANDING MULTI DEPTH GRAVITY STABILIZED BACKFILL STRAIGHT WALL MACHINE INSTALLED SINGLE-DEPTH GRAVITY GEOGRID REINFORCED CURVED WALL ORTANA UNITS ORTANA ACCESSORY UNITS Standard Unit Width 200mm (7.87 ) 150mm (5.91 ) Depth 300mm (11.81 ) Setback: 0 or 7 Connector Type: Split Tongue Tapered Unit Width 200mm (7.87 ) 150mm (5.91 ) Depth 300mm (11.81 ) Setback: 0 or 7 Connector Type: Split Tongue 90 o Corner Unit Width 300mm (11.81 ) 150mm (5.91 ) Depth 200mm (7.87 ) 2 Split-Face Coping Unit Width 610mm (24.02 ) 75mm (2.95 ) Depth 300mm (11.81 ) 1 Split-Face Coping Unit Width 305mm (12 ) 75mm (2.95 ) Depth 300mm (11.81 ) ORTANA PLUS UNITS ORTANA PLUS ACCESSORY UNITS Standard Unit Width 200mm (7.87 ) 150mm (5.91 ) Depth 300mm (11.81 ) Setback: 0 or 7 Connector Type: Split Tongue Tapered Unit Width 200mm (7.87 ) 150mm (5.91 ) Depth 300mm (11.81 ) Setback: 0 or 7 Connector Type: Split Tongue 90 o Corner Unit Width 300mm (11.81 ) 150mm (5.91 ) Depth 200mm (7.87 ) 1 Split-Face Coping Unit Width 305mm (12 ) 75mm (2.95 ) Depth 300mm (11.81 ) 02

3 PARTS OF A SEGMENTAL RETAINING WALL SYSTEM Coping Topsoil Batter (angle back from vertical) Low Permeability Soil Retained Soil Compacted Reinforced Soil Zone Geosynthetic Reinforcement Gravel Fill (formerly drainage layer) Leveling Pad Foundation Soil Drain Pipe Segmental Retaining wall - Stacked concrete units intended to hold back the earth behind the wall, based on their mass. Foundation Soil Soil (typically native) below the wall that supports the retaining wall. Drain Pipe Perforated pipe minimum 100mm (4 ) in diameter placed within the gravel fill. Used to prevent hydrostatic (water) build-up behind the wall. Geosynthetic Reinforcement Horizontal layers of geosynthetic reinforcement (geogrid) pinched between wall blocks and extended into the reinforced soil zone behind the wall. Used to increase the overall mass of the wall structure. Gravel Fill A 300mm (12 inch) thick layer of free-draining granular (3/4 clear stone) behind the wall. Leveling Pad A 150mm (6 ) thick layer of crushed stone below the wall that provides a working surface for construction. Low Permeability Soil Layer of clay or similar material that prevents surface water from infiltrating the reinforced soil zone and gravel fill. Reinforced Soil Zone Compacted structural fill placed around the geogrid. Retained Soil Soil behind the reinforced soil zone (when used) and gravel fill. FREE-STANDING Typically small (sitting or divider), these freestanding walls are short, vertical architectural features finished on both sides. They are different from barrier structures, which are two retaining walls leaned into one another. See Page 14 for more information on free-standing walls. GRAVITY Simple (single-depth) Gravity walls rely on the mass of individual wall units dry-stacked on top of one another to hold back the earth behind the wall. Due to their limited mass, they are typically restricted to low retaining walls. GEOGRID Geogrid (soil) Reinforced walls include multiple layers of geogrid reinforcement sandwiched between wall units, extending back into the compacted reinforced soil zone. They are used when the limitations of a conventional Gravity wall are exceeded. ORTANA ESTIMATING GUIDE 03

4 SELECTING THE CORRECT ESTIMATING CHART In order to select the estimating chart that is most applicable to your project, you will need to decide or determine: SURCHARGE 1) The height of the visible portion of the wall. The buried depth is typically 150mm (6 ), but increases: for walls over 3m (10 ); where there is a slope in front of the wall; or in certain global stability situations. NOTE: is not the same as Total, which includes the buried portion of the wall. 2) Friction Angle of the native soil The measure of the (shear) strength of the soil. Friction angles for common soil classifications are listed in this table. If you do not know the native soils type, assume it is clay. This is required in order to: TOTAL WALL HEIGHT EXPOSED WALL HEIGHT WALL BATTER FRICTION ANGLE a) decide if the native soil can be used in the Reinforced Soil Zone (for a geosynthetic reinforced wall). Typically, this is only done when the native soil has a Friction Angle greater than 28º. Otherwise, imported granular is recommended. b) identify the friction angle of the retained soil, which is commonly native material SOIL CLASSIFICATION FRICTION ANGLE Clay Silt Fine to Medium Sand Gravel ) Surcharge Anything within 2x the exposed wall height behind the wall needs to be considered in the wall design. As an example, consider anything within 2 metres behind the wall for a 1 metre high exposed wall. Surcharge classifications used in the estimating charts include: a) Earth slope above the wall b) 50 psf - Light pedestrian (residential backyards, raised patios) c) 100 psf - Commercial pedestrian (public walkways) or light vehicular traffic (typical residential driveway) d) 250 psf - Heavy vehicular traffic (where truck traffic is present) e) 1.8m (6 ) privacy fence behind the wall 4) Batter The back slope of a retaining wall face expressed as an angle from the vertical. For Ortana Retaining s, the options are 0º and 7º batter. Since applying a back slope to the wall makes it more stable, Oaks recommends a 7º batter whenever possible. The charts on the following pages are for estimating purposes only a site design should be obtained prior to construction. 04

5 TIERED WALLS For each wall to be independent of the other, tiered walls need to be built using a ratio of 2:1. The upper wall: must be a distance away from the lower wall of at least 2X the height of the lower wall; must be equal to or less than the height of the lower wall. This is a general rule of thumb, but there are exceptions. When the distance between the lower and upper walls is less than 2X the height of the lower wall, the walls become structurally dependent on each other. In this situation, global stability (the resistance to overall mass movement of the whole segmental retaining wall system in a circular or sliding mode) must be taken into account. Additional geogrid or more buried courses may be required. Dependent Terraced s Independent Terraced s Less than 2 x H More than 2 x H H H TOE SLOPES / EROSION CONTROL When there is a slope in front of the wall or a risk of erosion at the toe of the wall due to water flow, additional buried courses are needed to protect the soil cover in front of the wall. As a general rule of thumb, make sure that the bottom of the wall is not higher than the ground elevation 1.2m (4 ) in front of the wall, as shown here. 1.2m (4 feet) Minimum Bench Ground Slope REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS SITE-SPECIFIC DESIGN DRAWINGS The Ontario Building Code (OBC) requires a site specific design, certified by a Professional Engineer licensed in Ontario, for retaining walls exposed over 1m (3 ) that are adjacent to: a) public property b) access to a building c) private property which allows public access, such as a person s front yard, for mail delivery to the front door Some municipalities have expanded this requirement to include any retaining wall, including those on private property, over 1m (3 ) exposed. Check with your local municipality before proceeding with construction. See page 19 for information on having a site specific design package prepared. GUARDS The OBC also specifies a guard at the open sides of any wall that meets the above requirement, to prevent pedestrians from falling over the edge. Some municipalities have expanded this requirement to include any steps, ramps, exterior landings, porches, balconies, mezzanines, galleries, or raised walkways where: a) there is a difference in elevation of more than 600mm (2 ) between the walking surface and the adjacent surface b) the adjacent surface within 1.2m of the walking surface has a slope greater than 1:2 Since additional design elements need to be incorporated into the retaining wall design to compensate for pedestrians pushing against the guards, you should check with your local municipality before proceeding with construction. Ask Oaks staff about options available for fastening guards to Ortana Retaining s. ORTANA ESTIMATING GUIDE 05

6 ESTIMATING CHARTS Surcharge = 50 psf (2.4 kpa). Light pedestrian. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Surcharge = 100 psf (4.8 kpa). Commercial pedestrian or Light vehicular traffic. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , VERTICAL BATTER - IMPORTED FILL Batter 0 Degree Retained Soil Clay (friction angle 28 degree) Reinforced Zone Soil imported granular (friction angle 35 degrees) Total Length Top row of the Geogrid should be within 2 courses of the Coping. Bottom row should be within 2 courses of the Levelling Pad. Surcharge = 250 psf (12 kpa). Heavy vehicular traffic. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Notes: 1 - Includes the portion of grid sandwiched between the wall units. 2 - Based on 1 Coping Unit, includes wall units required for the buried portion of wall. 06

7 ESTIMATING CHARTS VERTICAL BATTER - IMPORTED FILL 3H:1V Slope above wall Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Surcharge = 50 psf (2.4 kpa). Light pedestrian plus a 6 high privacy fence behind wall. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Batter 0 Degree Retained Soil Clay (friction angle 28 degree) Reinforced Zone Soil imported granular (friction angle 35 degrees) Total Length Top row of the Geogrid should be within 2 courses of the Coping. Bottom row should be within 2 courses of the Levelling Pad. ORTANA ESTIMATING GUIDE 07

8 ESTIMATING CHARTS Surcharge = 50 psf (2.4 kpa). Light pedestrian. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Surcharge = 100 psf (4.8 kpa). Commercial pedestrian or Light vehicular traffic. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , VERTICAL BATTER - NATIVE FILL Batter 0 Degree Retained Soil Clay (friction angle 28 degree) Reinforced Zone Soil native (subject to approval by design engineer) Total Length Top row of the Geogrid should be within 2 courses of the Coping. Bottom row should be within 2 courses of the Levelling Pad. Surcharge = 250 psf (12 kpa). Heavy vehicular traffic. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Notes: 1 - Includes the portion of grid sandwiched between the wall units. 2 - Based on 1 Coping Unit, includes wall units required for the buried portion of wall. 08

9 ESTIMATING CHARTS VERTICAL BATTER - NATIVE FILL 3H:1V Slope above wall Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Surcharge = 50 psf (2.4 kpa). Light pedestrian plus a 6 high privacy fence behind wall. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Batter 0 Degree Retained Soil Clay (friction angle 28 degree) Reinforced Zone Soil native (subject to approval by design engineer) Total Length Top row of the Geogrid should be within 2 courses of the Coping. Bottom row should be within 2 courses of the Levelling Pad. ORTANA ESTIMATING GUIDE 09

10 ESTIMATING CHARTS Surcharge = 50 psf (2.4 kpa). Light pedestrian. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Surcharge = 100 psf (4.8 kpa). Commercial pedestrian or Light vehicular traffic. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , BATTER IMPORTED FILL Batter 7 Degree Retained Soil Clay (friction angle 28 degree) Reinforced Zone Soil imported granular (friction angle 35 degrees) Total Length Top row of the Geogrid should be within 2 courses of the Coping. Bottom row should be within 2 courses of the Levelling Pad. Surcharge = 250 psf (12 kpa). Heavy vehicular traffic. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Notes: 1 - Includes the portion of grid sandwiched between the wall units. 2 - Based on 1 Coping Unit, includes wall units required for the buried portion of wall. 10

11 ESTIMATING CHARTS 7 BATTER IMPORTED FILL 3H:1V Slope above wall Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Surcharge = 50 psf (2.4 kpa). Light pedestrian plus a 6 high privacy fence behind wall. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Batter 7 Degree Retained Soil Clay (friction angle 28 degree) Reinforced Zone Soil imported granular (friction angle 35 degrees) Total Length Top row of the Geogrid should be within 2 courses of the Coping. Bottom row should be within 2 courses of the Levelling Pad. ORTANA ESTIMATING GUIDE 11

12 ESTIMATING CHARTS Surcharge = 50 psf (2.4 kpa). Light pedestrian. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Surcharge = 100 psf (4.8 kpa). Commercial pedestrian or Light vehicular traffic. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , BATTER NATIVE FILL Batter 7 Degree Retained Soil Clay (friction angle 28 degree) Reinforced Zone Soil native clay (subject to approval by design engineer) Total Length Top row of the Geogrid should be within 2 courses of the Coping. Bottom row should be within 2 courses of the Levelling Pad. Surcharge = 250 psf (12 kpa). Heavy vehicular traffic. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Notes: 1 - Includes the portion of grid sandwiched between the wall units. 2 - Based on 1 Coping Unit, includes wall units required for the buried portion of wall. 12

13 ESTIMATING CHARTS 7 BATTER NATIVE FILL 3H:1V Slope above wall Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Surcharge = 50 psf (2.4 kpa). Light pedestrian plus a 6 high privacy fence behind wall. Coping , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Batter 7 Degree Retained Soil Clay (friction angle 28 degree) Reinforced Zone Soil native clay (subject to approval by design engineer) Total Length Top row of the Geogrid should be within 2 courses of the Coping. Bottom row should be within 2 courses of the Levelling Pad. ORTANA ESTIMATING GUIDE 13

14 ESTIMATING TIPS - FREE-STANDING WALLS This guide is not intended to provide complete installation instructions. Other resources are available for this purpose. (See Page 18). The following information will help you to estimate your product needs. STEP 1 STEP 2 For vertical walls, knock the back knob off using a cold chisel. Then split unit at groove to expose rear rock face. Center Coping Unit Glue all units together 525mm (21") Maximum 221mm (8.7") STRAIGHT VERSUS CURVED WALLS For straight walls, use Standard. Quantities for wall blocks and coping are the same as those listed in the Estimating Charts, based on the wall height. (NOTE: maximum is 525mm). Curved walls can be created using Tapered. To prevent visible openings on the inside of the curve, you can: a) use only Tapered and maintain a radius of 1219mm (48 ) to the front of the wall, or b) combine Tapered and Standard to achieve a larger radius, estimating quantities of each unit type based on the desired radius. For both Blocks and Coping, base your product order on the length of the outside of the curve, keeping in mind that cuts and tapers are on the inside. Radius to front of wall 1219mm (48") Cut coping to fit 165mm 200mm CORNERS & WALL ENDS Place columns at every corner and wall end. Create 500mm square columns using 4 Corner per layer. For 700mm square columns, add 4 Standard per layer. Cap using mitred Coping or available Pillar Caps. (NOTE: A concrete pad and extra buried depth are recommended for higher columns.) Coping Unit (Center so overhang is same on all sides) Odd Number 500mm (19.68") Even Number Use adhesive between all layers Finished Grade 1050mm (41.37") Max. 700mm (27.55") Gravel Fill. Depth as required for frost protection. Provide proper drainage. 300mm (12") Min. 150 mm (6") Min. CIP Concrete Pad 150mm (6") Min. All Sides Sized to accommodate column 14

15 ESTIMATING TIPS - CORNERS AND CURVES INSIDE CORNERS Build inside corners using Standard. (Corner are not required.) Using quantity estimates based on the exposed length of the wall, account for an extra 1.5 Standard per row for the buried blocks, and an extra 600mm (2 ) of Coping to allow for mitring of the inside corner). Even Row Odd Row Remove ridges to allow next row to sit flat on top Mitered Corner OUTSIDE CORNERS One Corner Unit is required for each row. (NOTE: Corners come in pairs. For walls that are of an odd number of rows in height, you will have one extra corner unit.) Using quantity estimates based on the exposed length of the wall, deduct 2.5 Standard per Corner. No extra Coping is needed. Even Row Odd Row INSIDE CURVES Inside curved walls can be created using Standard or Tapered. Since the back of the wall will not be visible once backfilled, any openings on this side are not an issue. Base your Block product order on the length of the inside curve. (NOTE: With 7º batter walls, the radius of the curve gets larger for each course. Order extra Coping material to allow for cuts.) For 7 degree batter walls, the tightest radius is on the bottom course. OUTSIDE CURVES Create outside curved walls using Tapered. Base your Block product order on the length of the outside curve, keeping in mind that tapers are to the inside. (NOTE: With 7º batter walls, the radius of the curve gets smaller for each course. Order extra Coping material to allow for cuts.) For 7 degree batter walls, the tightest radius is on the top course. ORTANA ESTIMATING GUIDE 15

16 ESTIMATING TIPS - STEPS INSET STAIRCASE The diagram on the right gives you a step by step guide to building an inset staircase. When estimating your material requirements, NOTE: 1. 2 Corners are required for each course, including the buried course. Step 1 Extend the wing walls out a minimum distance equivalent to the back of the top staircase. 2. Extra Standard are needed for the wing walls on each side of the staircase. Wing walls should extend out a minimum distance equivalent to the back of the top staircase. You will need additional Coping material for each of the stair treads. This design assumes a minimum of 1 row of Standard for each stair tread. To avoid the possibility of future stair tread settlement, consider adding 1 row of Standard under each stair tread (see below). For low staircases, infilling the entire staircase with Standard is an option. Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 300mm (12") 150mm (6") Step 5 COMPACTED GRANULAR FILL Step 6 FRONT VIEW Step 7 Step 8 16

17 ESTIMATING TIPS - STEPS OUTSET STAIRCASE NOTE: When estimating materials: 1. 2 Corners are required for every course (including the buried course), but not for the top course. 2. Extra Standard are needed for the wing walls on each side of the staircase, and for the inside corners at the wall. The wing walls should extend out from the retaining wall a minimum distance equivalent to the front of the first staircase. 3. You will need extra Coping material for each of the stair treads. 4. Additional Standard are recommended under each step to avoid future settlement. (See Page 16) PYRAMID STAIRCASE NOTE: When estimating materials: 1. 2 Corners are required for each course, including the buried course. 2. The number of Standard per course is based on the front length of each side of the pyramid staircase for that course, minus the 2 corners. At least 1 additional row of alternating Standard and Corners is recommended under each step to avoid future settlement. (See Page 16) 3. Base the number of Coping required per course on the front length of each side of the pyramid staircase for that course. ORTANA ESTIMATING GUIDE 17

18 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION RESOURCES DESIGN TOOLS Oaks Landscape Products has an extensive library of design resources for the Ortana Retaining System, including: 1. CAD/PDF details, covering everything from 45º corners to shoreline applications. 2. NCMA SRW Best Practices Guide: Your complete guide to the latest knowledge about the design, construction and installation of retaining walls. 3. NCMA Tek Specs, covering design concepts such as Global Stability and Seismic Design. 4. Photos of previous installations. 5. Tech data on Stratagrid geogrid products. To obtain copies of these resources, visit or contact your local sales representative. Oaks can also help you with site-specific design details for your project. Fill out the Retaining Request Form and forward it to us, along with your site plan and geotechnical report (if available). Our staff will discuss the product and design options with you, then contract our retained consultant to prepare your design details and stamp the necessary drawings. If you prefer to create your own design, we can recommend where to obtain the design software and comprehensive design manuals that you will need. INSTALLATION SUPPORT Ensuring a quality installation is in the best interest of both you and Oaks. That is why we offer additional installation support, including: 1. NCMA Installation Guide 2. Installation Training: The Do s and Don ts of Segmental Retaining Design: We walk you through each step of a typical construction program, from the pre-construction meeting to final inspection, highlighting key items to watch out for along the way 3. Inspection Checklist : An easy to follow list of items to inspect over the course of the project. To find out more about our Installation Support, please contact your local sales representative. 18

19 retaining wall design request form GENERAL INFORMATION Company Name: Date: Contact Name: Sales Rep: Phone #: Sales Rep Phone #: Sales Rep Customer Type: Architect Engineer Landscape Architect Contractor Home Owner Developer Other PROJECT INFORMATION Project Name: Project Address: Contact: Site Plan Available: Yes No Geotechnical Report Available: Yes No DESIGN SERVICE INFORMATION Date Needed: Bid/Start Date: Service Requested: / Design for Quoting Engineered/Stamped Drawings Product Requested: Proterra Ortana/Ortana Plus Ortana Extended Vertica Type: Single Unit Gravity Multi Unit Gravity Anchor Plex Reinforced BASIC SITE INFORMATION Number of walls on project: Maximum height: Surcharge at top of wall: Landscape/Pedestrian Vehicular Slope Building Pool Other Tiered: Yes No If yes, provide tier information (setback, heights, # of tiers) batter: (check the appropriate boxes) Matiz Brisa Ortana Vertica Proterra Rail or fence at top of wall? Yes No If yes, type of rail or fence: Site soil description: Clean sands and gravel (ø=36 ) Sands, sandy silts (ø=32 ) Silts, sandy and silty clays (ø=27 ) (if geotechnical report not available) Slope below wall: Yes No How steep: How high: Site soil used for Infill? Yes No Engineered or native? Water application? Yes No Details: Special site requirements/information: ORTANA ESTIMATING GUIDE 19

20 Brampton Brick Limited Brampton 225 Wanless Drive Brampton, ON L7A 1E9 Brockville 3007 County Rd. #29 PO Box 143 Brockville, ON K6V 5V2 Hillsdale 2108 Flos Road Four East, Hillsdale, ON L0L 1V0 Markham 455 Rodick Road Markham, ON L6G 1B2 Boisbriand 4200, Marcel-Lacasse Boisbriand, QC J7H 1N3 Detroit Pontiac Trail Wixom, MI Farmersburg 1256 East County Rd. 950 N. Farmersburg, IN OAKSpavers.com OAKS (6257) (Canada) OAKS (6257) (USA) Members of: Product representations shown in this publication are intended to convey the general color, texture and appearance of the product. Variations may occur in the manufacturing and printing process. Always select from an actual product sample. 08/16