LOCTITE WEBINAR SERIES Designing with Adhesives

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1 LOCTITE WEBINAR SERIES Designing with Adhesives

2 Designing with Adhesives Meet your presenters Doug Lescarbeau Austen Williams Market Development Director Application Engineer 2

3 Agenda 1. Who is Henkel? 2. Why Use Adhesives? 3. Where are Adhesives Used? 4. Adhesives Science Joint Design Guidelines 6. Types of Adhesives 7. Adhesive Selection Criteria 8. Henkel Adhesive Resources 9. Questions and Answers 3

4 Agenda 1. Who is Henkel? 2. Why Use Adhesives? 3. Where are Adhesives Used? 4. Adhesives Science Joint Design Guidelines 6. Types of Adhesives 7. Adhesive Selection Criteria 8. Henkel Adhesive Resources 9. Questions and Answers 4

5 Who we are Henkel at a glance 2014 Almost 50,000 employees worldwide Employees in more than 120 different nations Around 16.4 bn sales, 3.4% organic sales growth 17 major R&D facilities around the world 169 manufacturing sites globally 138 years of brand success 1 Adjusted for one-time charges/gains and restructuring charges. 5

6 Who we are Global leading positions in consumer and industrial businesses Consumer Businesses Laundry & Home Care Beauty Care Industrial Business Adhesive Technologies 6

7 Adhesive Technologies World market for adhesives, sealants & functional coatings Market accounts for approximately 60 bn 8.3 bn ~60 bn Highly specialized and fragmented in ~ 50 segments Henkel Henkel only player present in most segments Henkel Competitors 7

8 Adhesive Technologies Business units Business Units General Industry Packaging & Consumer Goods Automotive & Metals Aerospace Electronics Consumer & Craftsmen Top Brands 8

9 Our Value Proposition We partner with our customers to provide competitive advantage We deliver solutions to increase productivity, sustainability and process transformation which are essential for our customers. Our leading brands and technologies enable our customers to succeed in their markets. 9

10 ****POLLING QUESTION Q: Which of the following best describes your experience with adhesives? A: I ve never used adhesives before and I m considering switching to an adhesive solution I use some adhesives but I m looking to integrate more into my design process I already use a great deal of adhesives in my design process I am unhappy with my current adhesive(s) and I m looking for a better solution None attending for education reasons only 10

11 Agenda 1. Who is Henkel? 2. Why Use Adhesives? 3. Where are Adhesives Used? 4. Adhesives Science Joint Design Guidelines 6. Types of Adhesives 7. Adhesive Selection Criteria 8. Henkel Adhesive Resources 9. Questions and Answers 11

12 Why Use Adhesives? Joining methods Gap-filling Material Part Design Permanent Force Combinations Welding Soldering Bonding Pins, keyways, Spline shafts Snap joints Elastic force threaded joint, rivet, etc. Field force magnetism Friction force press fit, etc. Bonded spot welding Bonded press fit Bonded flange coupling 12

13 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Limitations Metal to Glass Ferrite Magnets to Zinc Dichromate Coated Steel 13

14 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Limitations Bonding Bolting 14

15 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Fill large gaps Limitations 15

16 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Fill large gaps Seal, bond and protect Limitations 16

17 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Fill large gaps Seal, bond and protect Neat appearance Limitations Before After 17

18 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Fill large gaps Seal, bond and protect Neat appearance Lightweight Limitations 18

19 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Fill large gaps Seal, bond and protect Neat appearance Lightweight Easily automated Limitations 19

20 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Fill large gaps Seal, bond and protect Neat appearance Lightweight Easily automated Limitations Must be cured 20

21 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Fill large gaps Seal, bond and protect Neat appearance Lightweight Easily automated Limitations Must be cured Fixture time 21

22 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Fill large gaps Seal, bond and protect Neat appearance Lightweight Easily automated Limitations Must be cured Fixture time Can be messy 22

23 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Fill large gaps Seal, bond and protect Neat appearance Lightweight Easily automated Limitations Must be cured Fixture time Can be messy Another chemical in the plant 23

24 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Fill large gaps Seal, bond and protect Neat appearance Lightweight Easily automated Limitations Must be cured Fixture time Can be messy Another chemical in the plant Sensitive to part cleanliness 24

25 Why Use Adhesives? Benefits Join dissimilar substrates Distribute stress evenly Fill large gaps Seal, bond and protect Neat appearance Lightweight Easily automated Limitations Must be cured Fixture time Can be messy Another chemical in the plant Sensitive to part cleanliness Potentially difficult to disassemble 25

26 ****POLLING QUESTION Q: Are you interested in having an in-plant survey/audit of your manufacturing process? A: Yes No Maybe I need more information 26

27 Agenda 1. Who is Henkel? 2. Why Use Adhesives? 3. Where are Adhesives Used? 4. Adhesives Science Joint Design Guidelines 6. Types of Adhesives 7. Adhesive Selection Criteria 8. Henkel Adhesive Resources 9. Questions and Answers 27

28 Adhesives Where are they being used? 28

29 Adhesives Application case histories Beverage truck rear wall Box truck logistic rails Snowmobile clutch bearings HENKEL, the HENKEL logo, LOCTITE and TEROSON are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Henkel and its affiliates in the U.S. and elsewhere. All other marks are the property of their respective owners. 29

30 Agenda 1. Who is Henkel? 2. Why Use Adhesives? 3. Where are Adhesives Used? 4. Adhesives Science Joint Design Guidelines 6. Types of Adhesives 7. Adhesive Selection Criteria 8. Henkel Adhesive Resources 9. Questions and Answers 30

31 Adhesives Science 101 Adhesive: Definition EN 923 Non-metallic substance capable of joining materials by surface bonding (adhesion) and the bond possessing adequate internal strength (cohesion) non-metallic substance joining materials by adhesion & cohesion 31

32 Adhesives Science 101 Adhesion and cohesion Adhesion Cohesion Adhesion 32

33 Adhesives Science 101 Adhesion Ability to bond to the surface Depends on Surface energy Surface roughness Surface contamination Surface wettability Reliable adhesion needs reliable surface conditions and a liquid adhesive. 33

34 Adhesives Science 101 Importance of cleaning Adhesives bond to the surface Substrate 1 Contaminant Substrate 2 Adhesive molecule Adhesion Cohesion Any contaminants reduce bonding strength 34

35 Adhesives Science 101 Surface wetting necessary for good adhesion Limited contact Liquid stays off the surface Optimum contact Liquid smooths onto the surface The liquid adhesive has to be in optimum contact to the surface through surface preparation, e.g. cleaning, pretreatment 35

36 Adhesives Science 101 Cohesion achieved by polymer-building Liquid Solid Cohesion needs proper cure of the adhesive 36

37 Agenda 1. Who is Henkel? 2. Why Use Adhesives? 3. Where are Adhesives Used? 4. Adhesives Science Joint Design Guidelines 6. Types of Adhesives 7. Adhesive Selection Criteria 8. Henkel Adhesive Resources 9. Questions and Answers 37

38 Joint Design Guidelines Loads in adhesive joints Shear Compression Tensile Cleavage Peel 38

39 Joint Design Guidelines Loads in adhesive joints Shear Compression Tensile Entire bond area used for load transmission 39

40 Joint Design Guidelines Loads in adhesive joints Cleavage on rigid parts Peel on flexible parts Zipper Bond area only partly used for load transmission 40

41 Joint Design Guidelines Failure modes Adhesion failure Adhesion/cohesion failure Cohesion failure Substrate failure 41

42 Design Alternatives Shear joint Alternatives Simple strap butt joint Butt joint Bevelled joint Double overlap Shouldered double strap butt joint Double strap butt joint 42

43 Design Alternatives T-peel joint Pure peel force Stiffening Tensile / peel forces Transformation into tensile & pressure forces Roll and peel forces Transformation into tensile shear forces 43

44 Joint Area Width vs. Overlap Photo A Photo B Side view Side view Bond Area = 1 sq. in. FORCE = Shear Which joint can handle a higher load? Why? 44

45 Joint Area Width vs. Overlap Photo B Wider is Better! 0.5 Side view 45

46 Bonding Perfectly designed for material fit Liquid adhesive Adapts to gap and gap tolerances Adapts to surface roughness and voids Fills gap by 100% Bonds the joined parts, after change from liquid to solid Uses 100% of surfaces for adhesion 46

47 Joint Design Guidelines Maximize these forces Shear, tension, & compression Minimize these forces Peel, cleavage forces Minimize gap thickness Increase bond area Wider is better than overlap Use the appropriate test to qualify your adhesive 47

48 Agenda 1. Who is Henkel? 2. Why Use Adhesives? 3. Where are Adhesives Used? 4. Adhesives Science Joint Design Guidelines 6. Types of Adhesives 7. Adhesive Selection Criteria 8. Henkel Adhesive Resources 9. Questions and Answers 48

49 Adhesive Technology Review Types of adhesives Structural adhesives Epoxies Acrylics Polyurethanes Silicones MS polymers Instant adhesives Cyanoacrylates Light cure Machinery adhesives Anaerobics Bulk adhesives Hot melt adhesives 49

50 Adhesive Technology Review Types of adhesives Structural Adhesives Epoxies Acrylics Polyurethane Silane Modified Polymers Silicones Rigid bonding 1- or 2-component solution Excellent gap filling Very high strength For small to medium surface Outstanding chemical resistance Rigid to slightly flexible bonding 2-component solution Very high strength For small surfaces Good chemical resistance Slightly flexible bonding 1- or 2-component solution Excellent gap filling (2C) High strength For medium to large surfaces Good chemical resistance Paintable Flexible bonding 1- or 2-component solution Wide primerless adhesion on many substrates High impact strength Good UV and weather resistance Paintable Flexible bonding 1- or 2-component solution Outstanding temperature and UV resistance Excellent chemical resistance Non-paintable 50

51 Adhesive Technology Review Types of adhesives Instant Adhesives Machinery Adhesives Bulk Adhesives Cyanoacrylates Light Cure Anaerobics Hot Melts Small Part Bonding Fast fixturing 1-component Room temp cure Excellent for plastic & rubber Rigid bondline High shear & tensile Low peel & impact Small Part Bonding Fast fixturing 1-component Room temp cure Excellent for plastic & rubber Rigid bondline High shear & tensile Low peel & impact Small Part Bonding 1-component Room temp cure Ideal for metal cylindrical parts Rigid bondline High Shear Low peel Range of Part Sizes Fast setting 1-component Heated applicator required Cure into thermoplastic resins, except PURs Wide range of products 51

52 Selector Chart 1/2 Performance considerations Adhesive Category Cyanoacrylates Epoxies Hot Melts Light Cure Silicones Elastomers Urethanes 2-Part Acrylics 2-Step Acrylics Benefits Wide range of bonding applications/ ease of use Wide range of formulations Versatile, fast, large gap filling Rapid cure / adhesion to plastics / bond on demand Excellent temperature resistance Flexible, paintable, bonder/sealant Excellent toughness / flexibility Good impact resistance / flexibility Good impact resistance / no-mix Limitations Low polar solvent resistance Mixing required Limited heat resistance Light cure required Low adhesion resistance High temperature resistance Sensitive to moisture Mixing required Primer required Temperature resistance Typical for the category -65 F to 210 F (-54 C to 99 C) -65 F to 180 F (-54 C to 82 C) -65 F to 250 F (-54 C to 121 C) -65 F to 300 F (-54 C to 149 C) -65 F to 400 F (-54 C to 204 C) -65 F to 200 F (-54 C to 93 C) -65 F to 250 F (-54 C to 121 C) -65 F to 250 F (-54 C to 121 C) -65 F to 300 F (-54 C to 149 C) Highest rated product 250 F (121 C) 400 F (204 C) 330 F (166 C) 358 F (180 C) 725 F (385 C) 200 F (93 C) 300 F (149 C) 250 F (121 C) 400 F (204 C) Environmental resistance Polar solvents (EX: H 2 0, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), acetone) Poor 1 Very good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Nonpolar solvents (Ex. motor oil, toluene, gasoline, ATF) Good Excellent Good Very good Poor to fair Poor Good Very good Very good Adhesion to substrates Metals Very good Excellent Good Good Good Very good Good Excellent Excellent Plastics 2 Excellent Fair Very good Excellent Fair Good Very good Excellent Fair Glass Poor Excellent Good Excellent Very good Good Good Good Excellent Rubber Very good Fair Fair Fair Good Poor Good Poor Poor Wood Good Very good Excellent Poor Fair Very good Fair Good Good Overlapping shear strength High High Low High Low Medium Medium High High Peel strength Low 3 Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High Medium Tensile strength High High Low High Medium Medium Medium High High Elongation / flexibility Low Low High Medium High High High Medium Medium Hardness Rigid Rigid Semisoft Semi-rigid Soft Soft Soft Semi-rigid Semi-rigid 52

53 Selector Chart 2/2 Process considerations Adhesive Category Cyanoacrylates Epoxies Hot Melts Light Cure Silicones Elastomers Urethanes 2-Part Acrylics 2-Step Acrylics Number of components 1 or or 2 1 or 2 1 or Cure temperature Room temperature Room temperature Room temperature 4 UV/ Visible Room temperature Room temperature Room temperature Room temperature Room temperature Fixture time Average 30 seconds 20 minutes 70 seconds 30 seconds 25 minutes 25 minutes 25 minutes 20 minutes 5 minutes Fastest <5 seconds 3 to 5 minutes 20 seconds <5 seconds 2 minutes 10 minutes 5 minutes 3 to 5 minutes 30 seconds Full cure time 24 hours 12 to 24 hours 1 hour (or when cooled) 5 30 to 60 seconds 1 to 7 days 1 to 7 days 24 hours 24 hours 24 hours Gap Fill Ideal (in inches) to to to to to to to to to Maximum (in inches) Dispensing / mixing equipment required Light cure versions available No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes 53

54 Agenda 1. Who is Henkel? 2. Why Use Adhesives? 3. Where are Adhesives Used? 4. Adhesives Science Joint Design Guidelines 6. Types of Adhesives 7. Adhesive Selection Criteria 8. Henkel Adhesive Resources 9. Questions and Answers 54

55 Adhesive & Design Selection It is not a lottery but systematic & conclusive 55

56 Adhesive & Design Selection Engineering method translate Customer Input Bondline Criteria Adhesive & Design select 56

57 Adhesive & Design Selection Customer Input Required functionalities Substrates Part parameters Operating conditions Manufacturing parameters translate Translate via Henkel Expertise and Know-How Bondline Criteria Strength Elasticity Adhesion profile Media resistance Temperature resistance Chemical resistance Surface preparation 57

58 Adhesive & Design Selection Criteria checklist Specific types of substrates Part & joint configuration Flat to flat? Cylindrical? Butt joint? Other? Gap & overlap area of parts Environmental extremes Temperatures? Fluid or solvent exposure? Salt, fog, humidity, UV, corrosive exposures? Type and frequency of loads / forces? Process considerations Quantity of parts to be assembled? Surface preparation / cleaning capabilities? Fixture / cure time requirements? Manual, semi-automated or fully-automated process? Dispensing capabilities / constraints? Capital budget? 58

59 Adhesive Properties Technical Data Sheet 59

60 Adhesive Properties Uncured Curing Viscosity Appearance Odor Extrusion properties Fixture time Tack free time Working life Sag Shelf life Gel time / pot life Exotherm Cure through depth Cured Shear strength Hardness (durometer) Glass transition temp. (Tg) Mechanical properties (tensile, elongation, modulus) Resistance (environmental, thermal, chemical, moisture, etc.) 60

61 Equipment 61

62 ****POLLING QUESTION Q: Are you considering an equipment solution for your adhesives? A: Yes No I already have an equipment solution 62

63 Equipment Selection Criteria checklist What are the considerations when choosing appropriate equipment? Adhesive chemistry? Adhesive package? 1-part or 2-part adhesive? Adhesive pot life / work life? Viscosity of adhesive? Dispense pattern? Curing requirements? Size / configuration of customer parts? Production rate? Low level detection? External interface? Capital budget? 63

64 Agenda 1. Who is Henkel? 2. Why Use Adhesives? 3. Where are Adhesives Used? 4. Adhesives Science Joint Design Guidelines 6. Types of Adhesives 7. Adhesive Selection Criteria 8. Henkel Adhesive Resources 9. Questions and Answers 64

65 Henkel Adhesive Resources The Adhesive Sourcebook Plastic, Rubber and Metal Bonding Guides Application assistance LOCTITE ( ) Over-the-phone assistance Technical Information Services team 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Eastern time In-person assistance Local Adhesive & Sealant Specialists Technical Customer Service department Testing services Process development Authorized Loctite Industrial Products Distributors ~ 5,000 branches in USA 65

66 U.S. industrial site The Adhesive Sourcebook Product categories Market segments Equipment website Product # search TDS, MSDS & RoHS Distributor locator How-to videos Literature, Case Histories, Quality Certifications Plastic, Rubber and Metal Bonding Guides 66

67 Why Henkel? Adhesive supplier considerations Breadth & depth of product offering Technical service / support Quality standards / industry certifications Testing capabilities Global reach and resources Process knowledge / dispensing equipment Industry expertise / innovativeness Overall value of offering 67

68 ****POLLING QUESTION Q: What is the likelihood of you choosing Henkel as your adhesive supplier based on this webinar? A: Extremely unlikely Unlikely Neutral Likely Extremely likely 68

69 Agenda 1. Who is Henkel? 2. Why Use Adhesives? 3. Where are Adhesives Used? 4. Adhesives Science Joint Design Guidelines 6. Types of Adhesives 7. Adhesive Selection Criteria 8. Henkel Adhesive Resources 9. Questions and Answers 69

70 Designing with Adhesives Questions Doug Lescarbeau Market Development Director Austen Williams Application Engineer 70

71 Thank You! Except as otherwise noted, all marks used are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Henkel and its affiliates in the U.S. and elsewhere. All other marks and logos are trademarks of their respective owners. = registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Henkel Corporation. All rights reserved. This material has been visually improved with the help of our team at the Graphic Design Center in SSC Manila. To know more about this service, please visit in the Henkel portal.