Cane (Saccharum Officinarum) As Reinforcement in Cement Concrete

Transcription

1 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 40 Number 1- October 201 Cane (Saccharum Officinarum) As Reinforcement in Cement Concrete Vishwas Rathore #1, Shweta Puri *2 #1 Post Graduation Student, Sri Sai University, Palampur (H.P.), India *2 Assistant Professor, Sri Sai University Palampur (H.P.), India Abstract Bamboo has historically been used as a building material due to its inherent properties, being regenerating, biodegradable, with high tensile strength and light weight. One of the most reliable materials that we use today is concrete and is the most versatile material we have found ever. This material can be used for constructing almost everything such as column, beam, floor, slab and even the walls. It does not require sophisticated fuel/energy guzzling procedures for processing. Bamboo has exemplary green credentials. It is adaptable to most climatic conditions and soil types. Bamboo has a very good tensile strength and the ultimate tensile strength is same as the yield strength of mild steel while the strength to specific weight ratio is six times greater than that of steel for some of its species. The main issue with the application of bamboo as a reinforcing material in cement concrete is insufficient information about its durability and combination with cement concrete. Here, we have performed research work on a particular species of bamboo which naturally occurs as circular bars of smaller diameters and solid bars for RCC and hence application of Cane (Saccharum Officinarum locally known as Bent will be best suited for an efficient load distribution and less exposure to weathering. Moreover, it does not require any splitting up as the most of bamboo species and hence internal sections will be least exposed to ageing factors. Tests for have been conducted to justify the proposed topic. Keywords - Bamboo, Cane, RCC, BRC,. I. INTRODUCTION Construction industry has used different construction materials since its starting and evolved through various stages and found the best ones. One of the most reliable materials that we use today is concrete and is the most versatile material we have found ever. This material can be used for constructing almost everything such as column, beam, floor, slab and even the walls. There is hardly anything that cannot be constructed with this wonderful composite material. It consists of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement which acts as the finest aggregate in the mix and also the binding material. Concrete can be used in various forms as per the requirement. On its application under compressive loads its capable of taking loads on its own but being weak in tension it requires to be reinforced. Conventionally steel is used for the purpose. Production of steel is responsible for greenhouse gas emission apart from these. Hence attempts are being made by several researchers to provide a low cost sustainable alternative of steel by using locally available material. Bamboo has historically been used as a building material due to its inherent properties, being regenerating, biodegradable, with high tensile strength and light weight. It does not require sophisticated fuel/energy guzzling procedures for processing. We here, are trying to find out an alternate for reinforcement. The primary concern behind replacement of steel is high cost of steel and the secondary concern is dead load (self-weight) of steel and the replacement is a species of bamboo called Cane (Saccharum Officinarum). We are using a material to perform research work on a particular species of bamboo which naturally occurs as circular bars of smaller diameters and solid bars of course for RCC and hence application of Cane will be best suited for an efficient load distribution and less exposure to weathering. As these bars of bamboo naturally occur as circular in shape, therefore do not require any splitting up as most of bamboo species and hence internal portions will not be exposed to ageing factors especially water. II. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY To achieve the objectives, an experimental program will be planned to investigate strength properties of concrete containing Portland cement and bamboo bars as full replacement of steel reinforcement. A control concrete mix will be used in this analysis. A. Materials 1) Cement: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 43 grade was used throughout the course of investigation. ISSN: Page 1

2 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 40 Number 1- October 201 TABLE I PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT S Properties Observations r. No. 1 Fineness (90 4 percent micron IS Sieve) 2 Initial Setting 57 minutes Time 3 Final Setting 378 minutes Time 4 Standard 33 percent Consistency 5 Specific Gravity Days Compressive 44. MPa 2) Fine Aggregates: Locally available river sand passed through 4.75 mm IS sieve was used as fine aggregate. The particle size distribution and other physical properties of the fine aggregates are listed in Table II. TABLE II PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FINE AGGREGATES S. No. Properties Observations 1. Fineness Modulus of 2. Specific Gravity of 3. Bulk Density of 4. Water absorption of kg/m % 3) s: The coarse aggregates used, we obtained from local stone crushing plant. The nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate was 20 mm. 3. Bulk Density of Coarse aggregate 4. Water Absorption of 1720 kg/m % 4) Water: Water used for mixing and curing should be clean and free form injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalies, salts and sugar, organic materials or other substances that may be deleterious to concrete. As per IS: potable water is generally considered satisfactory for mixing and curing of concrete. Accordingly potable water was used for preparation of all concrete specimens. 5) Bamboo: Cane (a Bamboo Species) has been used as reinforcement for cement concrete beam available at local furniture manufacturing store. B. Methodology A suitable control mix will be prepared and subsequently concrete mixes with cement and Natural fine aggregates. The mixes will be filled into the moulds without the use of any mechanical vibrator. The specimen used for compressive strength tests will be of (150 x 150 x 150) mm size cubes, whereas standard beams of size (100 x 100 x 750 mm) will be used for flexural strength tests. The specimens will be casted in different batches, each batch consisting of two standard specimens of flexural test beams for determining the 28-days strength of each mix. TABLE IV DETAILS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPECIMENS Test Compressive Type of Specim en Cube Size of Specimen (mm) 150 x 150 x 150 Total No. of Specime ns TABLE III PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COARSE AGGREGATES S. No. Properties Observations strength Beam 150 x 150 x Fineness Modulus of Specific Gravity of 2.80 The cube specimens will be tested after 7 days and 28 days of curing, whereas the beam specimens will be tested after 28 days of curing. The static flexural strength will be obtained by testing beam ISSN: Page 2

3 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 40 Number 1- October 201 specimens under four point bend test on a Testing Machine. III. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS The objectives of this study were to examine the hardened properties of concrete beams with different reinforcement types. Properties which were examined are: 1. Workability 2. Compressive 3. The detailed analysis and discussion of the results obtained from the experimental program is presented in the following sections. A. Workability Workability is considered to be the property of plastic concrete that indicates its ability to be mixed, handled, transported and placed with a minimum loss of Homogeneity as a most important property. Simply speaking, how easily it can be fully compacted with minimum energy usage. There should be no signs of any bleeding or segregation in a workable concrete. In this experiment, slump of the mix prepared with constant water is tested. Fig. 2 Compression Test The compressive strength test was conducted at curing ages of 7 days and 28 days. The compressive strength test results of the grade of concrete at different curing ages are shown in the table. S. Grade of 7 Days No. Concrete (N/sq.mm) 28 Days (N/sq.mm) TABLE V T HE FIGURES OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF Fig. 1 Slump Test CONCRETE CUBE SAMPLES It is one of the major general tests performed to check the properties of fresh concrete. As grade of is a standard mix, hence will have a good workability and so is clear from the value of slump i.e. 100 mm. This value of slump is obtained easily with 0. % of water added to the mix prepared. Compressive strength of the concrete sample is 24.1 N/sq.mm after a period of 28 days. B. Compressive The results of the compressive strength tests conducted on concrete specimens of mix cured at different ages are presented and discussed in this section. ISSN: C. The results of the flexural strength tests conducted on concrete specimens of three reinforcement types cured for 28 days are presented and discussed in this section. Page 3

4 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 40 Number 1- October 201 Fig. 3 Test The flexural strength results of both the mixes at 28 days curing are shown in table. TABLE VI T HE F IGURES OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE B EAM SPECIMENS Type of Beam Grade of Concrete (N/mm2) Plain Cement 3.2 D. Analysis We are available with the results of compressive strength of concrete and the flexural strength figures of plain, singly reinforced and doubly reinforced concrete beams. As we are more concerned about bamboo as reinforcement in cement concrete hence required analysis of the results are in case of beam. In the values of table VI, Singly Reinforced Beam shows more flexural strength as compared to that of Doubly Reinforced Beam which is an exception and quite opposite to the expected results. The reason why it happened so is that the Doubly Reinforced Beam was provided 4 bars as 2 at the lower face and 2 at the upper. The reinforcement bars on the upper face of the beam replaced the volume of concrete equal to its own volume but did not contributed to compression at all. It lead to poor performance of beam whereas the Singly Reinforced Beam had no bars on the upper face and concrete itself could take compressive loads better. That is why Singly Reinforced Beam performed better than Doubly Reinforced Beam. IV. CONCLUSIONS Following conclusions are made on the basis of the experimental study: Singly 7.11 Reinforced Doubly 5.8 Reinforced (N/mm2 The table above shows the flexural tensile strength behavior of Concrete Mix with different reinforcement types at 28 days curing period. The beams tested for flexural strength here are Plain Concrete beam, Singly Reinforced beam and Doubly Reinforced beam ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Reinforcement Type ISSN: Plain Cement Concrete shown brittle failure as it failed suddenly without any prior notice. Both Singly and Doubly Reinforced beams have shown elastic behavior while performing flexural test on them. Singly Reinforced beam has performed more elastically than Doubly Reinforced Beam under flexural testing. Load carrying capacity in Singly Reinforced Beam increased by 25% as compared to Doubly Reinforced Beam. Better efficiency of Singly Reinforced Beam encourages economy as Bent being used in lower quantity as compared to Doubly Reinforced Beam of other Bamboo Species. Internal sections are least exposed to ageing factors being Bent not split up due to its natural occurrence in circular cross sections with smaller diameters comparatively. I am heartily thankful to our research guide Er. Shweta Puri to provide us such a tremendous opportunity and we got a chance to work on this research project. Thanks to Abhinav Kumar, my colleague who helped in the experimental work whenever required. Page 4

5 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 40 Number 1- October 201 REFERENCES [1] Brink, F. E., and Rush, P. J., (19). BAMBOO REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION. U.S. NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY, Port Hueneme, California. Feb., 19. [2] Terai, M., and Minami, K. (2012). Research and Development on Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Structure. LISBOA, [3] Mark, A., and Russel, A. O. (2011). A comparative study of Bamboo reinforced concrete beams using different stirrup materials for rural construction. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, [4] Nayak, A., Bajaj, A. S., Jain, A., Khandelwal, A., and Tiwari, H. (2013). Replacement of Steel by Bamboo Reinforcement. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE). e- ISSN: , P- ISSN: X, Vol. 8, Issue 1, Jul-Aug., [5] Sevalia, J. K., Siddhpura, N. B., Agarwal, C. S., Shah, D. B., and Kapadia, J. V. (2013). Study on Bamboo as Reinforcement in Cement Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research and Application (IJERA). ISSN: , www. Ijera.com, Vol. 3, Issue 2, Pg. No , Mach-April., [] Agarwal, A., Nanda, B., and Maity, D. (2014). Experimental Investigation on chemically treated bamboo reinforced concrete beams and columns. Construction and Building Materials. Sept 2., 201. [7] Ikponmwasa, E., Fapohunda, C., Kolajo, O., and Eyo, O. (2015). Structural behaviour of bamboo reinforced foamed concrete slab containing polyvinyl wastes (PW) as partial replacement of fine aggregate. Journal of King Saud University- Engineering Sciences [8] Sabnani, C., Latkar, M., and Sharma, V. (2013). Can Bamboo Replace Steel as Reinforcement in Concrete for the key Structural Elements in Low Cost House, Designed for the Urban Poor? International Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Sciences (IJCEBS). ISSN: , Vol. 1, Issue 2, [9] Assaminew, F. M. (2010). Investigation Of The And Bond s Of Bamboo Using Different Splits (Forms) In Concrete Members, Addis Ababa University School Of Graduate Studies, 2010 [10] Ghavami, K. (2005). Bamboo as Reinforcement In Structural Concrete Elements, Cement & Concrete Composites 27, 2005, ISSN: Page 5