PIP CVS02010 Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Specification

Transcription

1 March 2016 Civil PIP CVS02010 Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Specification

2 PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material contained in or suggested by the Practice. This Practice is subject to revision at any time. Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin, Texas PIP Member Companies and Subscribers may copy this Practice for their internal use. Changes or modifications of any kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express written authorization of PIP. Authorized Users may attach addenda or overlays to clearly indicate modifications or exceptions to specific sections of PIP Practices. Authorized Users may provide their clients, suppliers and contractors with copies of the Practice solely for Authorized Users purposes. These purposes include but are not limited to the procurement process (e.g., as attachments to requests for quotation/ purchase orders or requests for proposals/contracts) and preparation and issue of design engineering deliverables for use on a specific project by Authorized User s client. PIP s copyright notices must be clearly indicated and unequivocally incorporated in documents where an Authorized User desires to provide any third party with copies of the Practice. PUBLISHING HISTORY July 1997 August 2002 February 2009 March 2016 Issued Reaffirmation Complete Revision Complete Revision Not printed with State funds

3 March 2016 Civil PIP CVS02010 Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Specification Table of Contents 1. Scope References Industry Codes and Standards Definitions Requirements General Submittals Execution... 7 Data Form CVS02010-F - Geotechnical Engineering Services - Report Checklist Process Industry Practices Page 1 of 12

4 1. Scope This Practice describes minimum requirements for a geotechnical engineering investigation including subsurface exploration, field and laboratory testing, analyses, and preparation of reports that present geotechnical engineering recommendations for design and construction. This Practice does not include requirements for an environmentally-related investigation or analysis. 2. References Applicable parts of the following industry codes and standards and references shall be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of the contract award shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles are used herein where appropriate. 2.1 Industry Codes and Standards ASTM International (ASTM) ASTM C117 - Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing ASTM C136/C136M - Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates ASTM C Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil ASTM D421 - Standard Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle- Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants ASTM D422 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils ASTM D512 - Standard Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water ASTM D516 - Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water ASTM D698 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft 3 (600 kn-m/m 3 )) ASTM D Standard Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Material Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Soils by Washing ASTM D Standard Test Method for Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load and Spread Footings ASTM D1195/D1195M - Standard Test Method for Repetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements ASTM D1196/D1196M - Standard Test Method for Nonrepetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements ASTM D Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft 3 (2,700 kn-m/m 3 )) Process Industry Practices Page 2 of 12

5 ASTM D Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils ASTM D Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes ASTM D Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils ASTM D2166/D2166M - Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil ASTM D Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass ASTM D2435/D2435M - Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading ASTM D Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) ASTM D Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure) ASTM D Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compressive Test on Cohesive Soils ASTM D3080/D3080M - Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions ASTM D Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table ASTM D Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density ASTM D Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils ASTM D4428/D4428M - Standard Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Testing ASTM D Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place ASTM D4647/D4647M - Standard Test Methods for Identification and Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole Test ASTM D4648/D4648M - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for Saturated Fine-Grained Clayey Soil ASTM D Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Soil and Soft Rock by Thermal Needle Probe Procedure ASTM D Standard Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock ASTM D Standard Test Method for Determination of the Point Load Strength Index of Rock and Application to Rock Strength Classifications ASTM D Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils ASTM D Standard Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Designation (RQD) of Rock Core Process Industry Practices Page 3 of 12

6 3. Definitions ASTM D Standard Guide for Selecting Surface Geophysical Methods ASTM D Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test ASTM D Standard Test Methods for Downhole Seismic Testing ASTM G51 - Standard Test Method for Measuring ph of Soil for Use in Corrosion Testing ASTM G57 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Wenner Four-Electrode Method ASTM G187 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Two-Electrode Soil Box Method International Code Council (ICC) International Building Code (IBC) contract documents: Any and all documents, including codes, studies, design drawings, specifications, sketches, practices, and data sheets, that purchaser or engineer of record has transmitted or otherwise communicated, either by incorporation or reference, and made part of the legal contract agreement or purchase order between purchaser and geotechnical engineer. engineer of record: Purchaser s authorized representative with overall authority and responsibility for engineering design, quality, and performance of civil works, structures, foundations, materials, and appurtenances described in contract documents. Engineer of record shall be licensed as defined by laws of the locality in which the work is to be constructed, and be qualified to practice in the specialty discipline required for the work described in contract documents. Fatal Flaw Investigation: Discovery of geotechnical and geologic conditions which would prevent use of the site or render its use uneconomic. Only small portions of this Practice may be useful. FEED Investigation: Discovery of geotechnical information to define basic foundation, parameters, and geologic features which have an economic impact on the amount of capital monies required to carry out a project to allow owner s management to make a final decision. Final Design Investigation: Discovery and definition of geohazards and geotechnical engineering parameters to design final foundations to support equipment and structures. This Practice applies to the majority of such investigations. geotechnical engineer: Professional engineer responsible for performing geotechnical engineering investigation and/or geotechnical consulting during foundation design, construction of civil works, and installation of piling and foundations. owner: Party who has authority through ownership, lease, or other legal agreement over site wherein geotechnical engineering investigation will be performed. Preliminary Investigation: Discovery of geotechnical information to further establish basic design concepts or design criteria for projects especially those which may contain complex or difficult geotechnical problems. Process Industry Practices Page 4 of 12

7 professional engineer: An engineer, other than engineer of record, licensed as defined by laws of the locality in which facility is to be constructed and qualified to practice in the specialty discipline required for the work described in contract documents. purchaser: Party who awards contract to geotechnical engineer. Purchaser may be owner or owner s authorized agent. qualified geotechnical representative: Graduate geotechnical engineer, graduate geologist, or geotechnical technician provided technician has at least ten years of relevant field exploration and logging experience. Works under supervision of geotechnical engineer. 4. Requirements 4.1 General Geotechnical engineering investigations shall be performed in accordance with purchaser s contract documents including scope of work document that describes proposed facilities (i.e., preliminary plot plans, anticipated loads, construction loads, and subsurface contamination which may be encountered on the site), this Practice, and purchaser s Report Checklist, PIP CVS02010-F A qualified geotechnical representative shall be provided in the field full time during exploration activities. Geotechnical representative shall perform the following work: a. Supervise and observe all subsurface exploration operations and in-situ testing b. Classify samples and prepare logs of borings, soundings, pits, etc Before submitting proposal, geotechnical engineer shall examine the site to assess and record existing conditions unless waived by purchaser The following items shall be provided with the proposal submitted to purchaser: a. Plans for performing geophysical surveys to non-destructively examine the site in accordance with ASTM D6429 to characterize the site, investigate anomalies, and aid in identifying appropriate borings, Cone Penetration Test (CPT) soundings and sampling points representative of site conditions. b. If purchaser specifies a program for field and/or laboratory testing, geotechnical engineer shall provide a statement supporting adequacy of the proposed program and suggesting modifications. The number and depth of borings, CPT soundings, and other tests shall be optimized. c. If purchaser does not specify a program for field and laboratory testing, geotechnical engineer shall provide a detailed proposed program of field exploration, field testing, and laboratory testing containing the following: (1) Plan showing locations and depths of borings, CPT soundings, and other tests (2) Field-sampling and testing program, including types and frequency of samples and tests (3) Laboratory-testing program, including types and numbers of tests (4) Descriptions of any methods/tests not referenced herein Process Industry Practices Page 5 of 12

8 d. A schedule of beginning and completion dates of field and laboratory work and dates for submittal of preliminary and final reports e. Descriptions of access needs (e.g., temporary roads, site clearing, or alteration/removal of existing facilities) to provide equipment access to CPT/boring locations. For development of a cost proposal, geotechnical engineer shall assume that these items will be provided by purchaser, when required and noted in the proposal by geotechnical engineer. f. Resumes or statement of qualifications and experience of personnel to be assigned to project, including field personnel, and descriptions of roles, responsibilities, and degree of involvement of each individual Obtain all work permits, excavation permits, and other permits or authorizations required by owner, purchaser or by governmental or regulatory agencies and/or local jurisdictions (e.g., permits or authorizations for borings, soundings, pits, wells, piezometers, transportation of samples, etc.) prior to start of work. 4.2 Submittals Field Reports Field logs of borings, CPT soundings, pits, piezometers, and other field exploration/testing activities shall be provided in accordance with ASTM D Weekly (or daily if requested by purchaser) progress reports shall be provided including the following: a. Summary of work completed b. Description of unusual or unanticipated conditions encountered c. Assessment of adequacy of work scope and any recommended modifications d. Statement of progress relative to planned schedule Preliminary Data Report A preliminary data report shall be provided that contains field logs and other available testing information, early findings, and all standard laboratory testing results in accordance with purchaser s Report Checklist, PIP CVS02010-F An electronic copy of preliminary data report shall be submitted to purchaser for review Draft Final Report A draft final report shall be provided that includes all information required in accordance with purchaser s Report Checklist, PIP CVS02010-F Advanced laboratory testing results (e.g., consolidations, direct shear, and other time dependent parameter tests) shall be submitted in draft final report. Process Industry Practices Page 6 of 12

9 Emphasis on how soil properties interact to support structures, roads, and site drainage including subsurface drainage shall be provided Conclusions, final test results, competed logs and recommendations shall be provided An electronic copy of draft final report shall be submitted to purchaser for review Final Report 4.3 Execution A final report shall be provided that includes all information required in accordance with purchaser s Report Checklist, PIP CVS02010-F Final report shall respond to purchaser s comments and questions on draft final report within two weeks of receipt of purchaser s comments and questions Final reports shall be submitted under signature and seal of geotechnical engineer An electronic file and three paper copies of final report shall be submitted to purchaser. Additional copies shall be provided if requested by purchaser General All labor, equipment, tools, supervision, supplies, and transportation required to perform geotechnical investigation, exploration, testing, analyses, and reporting in accordance with this Practice, including requirements in purchaser s Report Checklist, PIP CVS02010-F, shall be provided The work shall be performed in accordance with all aspects of programs and policies of purchaser and/or owner Purchaser shall be immediately informed if initial field work and/or testing indicate a need for modifications of the work scope Utilities Underground utilities shall be located with due diligence before commencing field work. This shall include requests to purchaser, jurisdiction locating services, and local utilities for information, and shall also include surface geophysical surveys in accordance with Section a of this Practice and probing before drilling in accordance with Section of this Practice Purchaser will provide information on all known underground utilities in proximity of the work at least 48 hours before any excavations, or ground penetrations All work shall be performed a sufficient distance away from known underground and aboveground utilities to protect personnel and utilities. Process Industry Practices Page 7 of 12

10 4.3.3 Field Work Quantities and general locations of all field work described in Section of this Practice shall be as specified in contract documents A detailed field work schedule shall be provided to purchaser before mobilization Purchaser shall be notified 3 working days minimum before commencement or completion of field work and/or arrival/removal of equipment from site After permission is obtained from purchaser, the geotechnical field crew shall probe each CPT/boring location with a 5 foot (1.5 m) long probe rod. Probe by pushing probe rod eight times in a circular pattern within a 12-inch (300-mm) radius around proposed location. Obstructions shall be investigated before proceeding CPT/boring locations shall be staked and surveyed for coordinates and elevations by geotechnical engineer unless otherwise agreed with purchaser Any site modifications, improvements, special equipment, or clearing required to access locations of borings, CPT soundings, pits, etc., will be furnished by purchaser If any unanticipated soil or groundwater contamination is detected, all work shall be immediately suspended and purchaser informed. Work shall not be resumed until written notification to proceed is received from purchaser Soil sampling shall be performed at intervals not greater than 2.5 feet (0.75 m) in the upper 10 feet (3 m), and thereafter every 5 feet (1.5 m) and at changes in strata to a depth of 100 feet (30 m). Below a depth of 100 feet (30 m), sampling intervals will be stipulated by engineer of record. a. Cohesive soils shall be sampled using thin-walled tube samplers of minimum 3-inch (76.2-mm) diameter in accordance with ASTM D1587. Field strength parameters of cohesive samples shall be tested using the Torvane and/or pocket penetrometer. b. In non-cohesive soils, Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) and soil sampling shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM D Field identification of soils shall be in accordance with ASTM D2487 and ASTM D Groundwater levels shall be determined in each borehole on detection and again 24 hours after excavation. Provide temporary piezometers as agreed by engineer of record and geotechnical engineer Borings and CPT soundings shall be continued until suitable material for support of anticipated foundations is encountered. Process Industry Practices Page 8 of 12

11 Borings and CPT soundings shall extend sufficiently beneath the depth of planned final lowest grade cut elevation to provide adequate foundation design information Borings and soil samples shall be logged in the field in accordance with ASTM D If rock is encountered, borings shall core 5 feet (1.5 m) minimum into the rock and rock quality shall be field evaluated for rock quality designation (RQD) in accordance with ASTM D6032 and ASTM D Rock shall be defined as when a hollow stem auger refuses to advance or SPT test records more than 50 blows in 6 inches (150 mm) In situ testing to determine dynamic shear modulus shall be crosshole seismic testing in accordance with ASTM D4428/D4428M and/or downhole seismic testing in accordance with ASTM D Cone Penetration Test (CPT) Soundings 1. CPT soundings shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D Thrust machine shall be capable of the following: a. Being leveled for a vertical thrust direction and deviation controlled to less than 2 degrees b. Providing a continuous stroke of 3.3 feet (1 m) minimum at a rate of 3/4 inches/minute (20 mm/minute) ± 3/16 inches/minute (5 mm/minute) c. Providing a reaction force of 20 tons (178 kn) minimum unless mounted on a swamp buggy or anchored trailer, in which case the reaction force shall be 15 tons (133 kn) minimum 3. Cone size/type shall be chosen to provide tip resistance, sleeve friction resistance and if required, pore pressure and temperature or shear wave velocities by electronic means. 4. Refusal depth shall be extended by using pushrod support casing to prevent buckling in the upper soft soil zones of the sounding if required by geotechnical engineer or engineer of record Completed boreholes and CPT soundings shall be grouted from the bottom of the hole up with a grout mixture of the following: a. Portland cement b. 4% to 15% by weight of bentonite c. Potable water or water from a source approved by purchaser d. As required by local or state requirements Process Industry Practices Page 9 of 12

12 Test Pits 1. Test pits shall be made as required by contract documents, to permit detailed examination of the upper soils in a large scale as follows: a. Collect large samples for laboratory testing for Proctor density, soil modification, grain size analyses, and other tests b. Collect box-type in-situ samples c. Evaluate nature and consistency of near-surface soils and presumed fill d. Evaluate suitability for fill material e. Evaluate organic content f. Evaluate highly erodible soils 2. Test pits greater than 4 feet (1.2 m) deep shall be benched, shored, or properly sloped back to provide personnel protection and shall be evaluated for stability by geotechnical engineer. 3. Excavations into embankments are permitted with written approval of geotechnical engineer, engineer of record, and owner. 4. Sampling, field testing, and description shall proceed as soon as test pit face is exposed to minimize effects of changes in moisture content and effective pressure. 5. Test pits left open more than 24 hours shall be protected with fencing and flagging. 6. Test pits shall be backfilled with excavated soil in 6-inch (150- mm) lifts and each lift shall be compacted to approximate the density of the soil that existed before excavation Field California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Plate Load Tests 1. Field CBR and/or plate load tests shall be performed as required for pavement designs and shallow foundations. 2. Field CBR load tests shall be in accordance with ASTM D Field plate load tests shall be in accordance with ASTM D1194, ASTM D1195/D1195M, and/or ASTM D1196/D1196M. 4. The required heavy reaction vehicle for field CBR or plate load tests shall provide a reaction force of 7000 lbf (31 kn) minimum and have a ground clearance under the reaction beam of 2 feet (600 mm) minimum Soil resistivity testing or electrical soundings for the site shall be in accordance with ASTM G Percolation tests shall be performed for proposed septic leach fields. Borings shall be located in the center and at each corner of proposed leach field. Test shall be performed and results reported in units acceptable to the local authority. Process Industry Practices Page 10 of 12

13 Boring cuttings shall be spread over unpaved sites unless otherwise specified by purchaser. Cuttings in paved sites shall be drummed for disposal. Purchaser will be responsible for providng drums and disposing of drums Site shall be restored and equipment shall be cleaned prior to leaving site in accordance with contract documents Laboratory Testing Written approval shall be obtained from purchaser for any modifications to agreed testing program Soils shall be prepared for particle-size analysis and determination of basic soil engineering parameters in accordance with ASTM D Particle size analysis of soils shall be performed in accordance with ASTM C117, ASTM C136/C136M and ASTM D422 as applicable Classification testing shall be in accordance with ASTM D1140 and ASTM D Laboratory identification of soils shall be in accordance with ASTM D1140, ASTM D2487, and ASTM D Physical soil properties listed below shall be determined in the laboratory in accordance with the corresponding ASTMs: a. Standard Proctor Density, ASTM D698 b. Modified Proctor Density, ASTM D1557 c. Water (Moisture) Content (WC), ASTM D2216 d. California Bearing Ratio (CBR), ASTM D1883 e. Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, ASTM D2166/D2166M f. One-Dimensional Consolidation, ASTM D2435/D2435M g. Unconsolidated-Undrained (UU) Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils, ASTM D2850 h. Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions, ASTM D3080/D3080M i. Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight Using a Vibratory Table, ASTM D4253 j. Minimum Index Density, Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density, ASTM D4254 k. Atterberg Limits: Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL), and Plasticity Index (PI) of Soils, ASTM D4318 l. Thermal Conductivity of Soil and Soft Rock, ASTM D5334 m. Dispersive Characteristics of Clay Soils, ASTM D4647/D4647M and/or ASTM D6572 Process Industry Practices Page 11 of 12

14 n. Shear Strength of Clay Soils Using Mini-vane, ASTM D4648/D4648M o. Point Load Strength Index of Rock and Application to Rock Strength Determination, ASTM D Relative density testing shall be performed to test cohesionless materials if impact compaction test methods (e.g., Proctor) are not appropriate A soil modification testing proposal shall be prepared by geotechnical engineer for otherwise undesirable silts and clays found on the site to be modified into reasonable structural fills by processing with cement, fly ash, or lime. Appropriate ASTM methods shall be used to assess which stabilization methods are effective with a particular soil Chemical analysis of soils in the laboratory shall be conducted for the listed constituents in accordance with the corresponding ASTMs: a. ph of Soil for Use in Corrosion Testing, ASTM G51 b. Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil, ASTM C1580 c. Chloride Ion in Water after Extraction from Soils, ASTM D512 d. Sulfate Ion in Water after Extraction from Soils, ASTM D Laboratory measurement of soil resistivity shall be in accordance with ASTM G187. Process Industry Practices Page 12 of 12