THE SEISMIC DESIGN HANDBOOK. Second Edition

Transcription

1 THE SEISMIC DESIGN HANDBOOK Second Edition

2 THE SEISMIC DESIGN HANDBOOK Second Edition edited by Farzad Naeim, Ph.D., S.E. Vice President and Director of Research and Development John A. Martin Associates, Inc., U.S.A. Volume 1 CODECOUNme SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The seismic design handbook I edited by Farzad Naeim.-2"d ed. p.cm. Includes index. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / I. Earthquake resistant design-handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Buildings-Earthquake effects-handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Naeim, Farzad. Additional material to this book can be downloaded from T A S I '762-dc Copyright 2001 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 2001 Second Printing 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Printed on acid-free paper.

4 "Among mortals second thoughts are wisest. " Euripides, ( B.c.) "The change of motion is proportional to the motive force impressed; and is made in the direction ofthe right line in which the force is impressed. " Isaac Newton, The Principia: Mathematical Principles ofnatural Philosophy (1687 A.D.)

5 Contents Contributors IX Acknowledgements Preface 1 THE NATURE OF EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION 1 BRUCE A. BOLT, D.Sc. 2 EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION AND RESPONSE SPECTRA 47 BIJAN MOHRAZ, PH.D., P.E. AND FAHIM SADEK, PH.D. 3 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 125 MARSHALL LEW, PH.D., G.E. 4 DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES 183 JAMES C. ANDERSON, PH.D. 5 LINEAR STATIC SEISMIC LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURES 247 ROGER M. DI JULIO JR., PH.D., P.E. 6 ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS 275 CHRISTOPHER ARNOLD, FAlA, RillA 7 DESIGN FOR DRIFT AND LATERAL STABILITY 327 FARZAD NAEIM, PH. D., S.E. 8 SEISMIC DESIGN OF FLOOR DIAPHRAGMS 373 FARZAD NAEIM, PH.D., S.E. AND R. RAO BOPPANA, PH.D., S.E.

6 Vlll 9 SEISMIC DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES 409 CHIA-MING UANG, PH.D., MICHEL BRUNEAU, PH.D., P.ENG. ANDREW S. WHITIAKER, PH.D., S.E., AND KEY-CHYUANTSAI, PH.D., S.E. 10 SEISMIC DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES 463 ARNALDO T. DERECHO, PH.D. AND M. REZA KIANOUSH, PH.D. 11 SEISMIC DESIGN OF WOOD AND MASONRY BUILDINGS 563 JOHN G. SHIPP, S.E., FASCE AND GARY C. HART, PH.D., P.E. 12 SEISMIC UPGRADING OF EXISTING STRUCTURES 623 RONALD O. HAMBURGER, S.E. AND CRAIG A. COLE, S.E. 13 DESIGN OF NONSTRUCTURAL SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS 681 JOHN D. GILLENGERTEN, S.E. 14 DESIGN OF STRUCTURES WITH SEISMIC ISOLATION 723 RONALD L MAYES, PH.D. AND FARZAD NAEIM, PH.D., S.E. 15 PERFORMANCE BASED SEISMIC ENGINEERING 757 FARZAD NAEIM, PH.D., S.E., HUSSAIN BHATIA, PH.D., P.E. AND ROY M. LOBO, PH.D., P.E. 16 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SEISMIC DESIGN 793 FARZAD NAEIM, PH.D., S.E., ROY M. LOBO, PH.D., P.E. AND HUSSAIN BHATIA, PH.D., P.E. APPENDIX 815 INDEX 821

7 Contributors James C. Anderson, Ph.D. Professor ofcivil Engineering, University ofsouthern California, Los Angeles, California (Dynamic Response ofstructures) Christopher Arnold, AlA President, Building Systems Development, Inc., San Mateo, California (Architectural Considerations) Hussain Bhatia, Ph.D., P.E. Senior Research Engineer, John A. Martin & Associates, Inc., Los Angeles, California (Performance Based Seismic Engineering; Computer Applications in Seismic Design) Bruce A. Bolt, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus ofseismology, University ofcalifornia, Berkeley, California (The Nature ofeanhquake Ground Motions) Rao Boppana, Ph.D., S.E. President, Sato and Boppana Consulting Engineers, Los Angeles, California (Seismic Design offloor Diaphragms) Michel Bruneau, Ph.D., P.Eng. Professor ofcivil Engineering, State University ofnew York at Buffalo, New York (Seismic Design ofsteel Structures) Craig A. Cole, S.E. Project Manager, EQE International, Inc., Oakland, California (Seismic Upgrading of Existing Structures) John G. Gillengerten, S.E. Senior Project Manager, John A. Martin & Associates, Inc., Los Angeles, California (Design ofnonstructural Systems and Components) Arnaldo T. Derecho, Ph.D. Consulting Structural Engineer, Mount Prospect, Illinois (Seismic Design ofreinforced Concrete Structures) Roger M. Dijulio, Jr., Ph.D., P.E. Professor ofengineering, California State University, Northridge, California (Linear Static Lateral Force Procedures) Ronald O. Hamburger, S.E. Senior Vice President, EQE International, Inc., Oakland, California (Seismic Upgrading of Existing Structures) Gary C. Hart, Ph.D., P.E. Professor ofcivil Engineering, University ofcalifornia, Los Angeles, California (Seismic Design ofwood and Masonry Structures)

8 x Contributors (continued) M. Reza Kianoush, Ph.D. Professor, Ryerson Polytechnic University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Seismic Design ofreinforced Concrete Structures) Marshall Lew, Ph.D., G.E. Corporate Consultant, Law/Crandall, Inc., Los Angeles, California (Geotechnical Considerations) Roy F. Lobo, Ph.D., P.E. Senior Research Engineer, John A. Martin & Associates, Inc., Los Angeles, California (Performance Based Seismic Engineering; Computer Applications in Seismic Design) Ronald M. Mayes, Ph.D. Engineering Consultant, Berkeley, California (Design ofstructures with Seismic Isolation) Bijan Mohraz, Ph.D. Professor of Civil Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas (Earthquake Ground Motion and Response Spectra) Farzad Naeim, Ph.D., S.E. Vice PresidentIDirector of Research and Development, John A. Martin & Associates, Inc., Los Angeles, California (Design for Drift and Lateral Stability; Seismic Design of Floor Diaphragms; Design of Structures with Seismic Isolation; Performance Based Seismic Engineering; Computer Applications in Seismic Design) John G. Shipp, S.E., FASCE Manager Design Services and Senior Technical Manager, EQE Engineering and Design, Costa Mesa, California (Seismic Design ofwood and Masonry Structures) Key-Chyuan Tsai, Ph.D., S.E. Professor of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Seismic Design ofsteel Structures) Chia-Ming Uang, Ph.D Professor ofstructural Engineering, University ofcalifornia, San Diego, California (Seismic Design ofsteel Structures) Andrew S. Whittaker, Ph.D., S.E. Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York (Seismic Design ofsteel Structures)

9 Acknowledgements The editor gratefully acknowledges the efforts of contributors in preparing excellent manuscripts. Thanks are also due to the management and staff at John A. Martin and Associates, Inc., especially Jack and Trailer Martin, who have always graciously understood and accommodated my frequent shifts of emphasis from everyday office practice to writing textbooks and technical articles. If it had not been for their encouragement and support, this project would have not been completed. The production of this edition of the handbook was made possible by the heroic efforts of two young and very talented persons. Mark Day patiently and diligently managed the digital typesetting and repeated content revisions with his usual grace, smile, and dedication. Hesaam Aslani on his short stay with our firm on his way to graduate studies at the Stanford University prepared early camera-ready versions of most of the chapters and checked mathematical expressions and numerical examples. The International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) and particularly Mark Johnson of that organization were a constant source of encouragement and support. It is a distinct honor to have this handbook endorsed by both ICBO and the National Council of Structural Engineers Associations. The editor is indebted to the readers of the first edition for their very positive and encouraging feedback and for their constant reminders of their desire to see a second edition of the handbook. Last, but not least, the editor is grateful to his life-partner and wife, Fariba, who patiently understood the need for his extended hours of work, and his children Mana and Mahan who accommodated a daddy who often could not play because he had a lot of work to do.

10 Preface This handbook contains up-to-date infonnation on planning, analysis, and design of earthquake-resistant building structures. Its intention is to provide engineers, architects, developers, and students of structural engineering and architecture with authoritative, yet practical, design infonnation. It represents an attempt to bridge the persisting gap between advances in the theories and concepts of earthquake-resistant design and their implementation in seismic design practice. The distinguished panel of contributors is composed of 22 experts from industry and universities, recognized for their knowledge and extensive practical experience in their fields. They have aimed to present clearly and concisely the basic principles and procedures pertinent to each subject and to illustrate with practical examples the application of these principles and procedures in seismic design practice. Where applicable, the provisions of various seismic design standards such as mc 2000, UBC-97, FEMA-273/274 and ATC-40 are explained and their differences are highlighted. Most of the chapters have been either totally re-written or substantially revised to reflect the recent advances in the field. In addition, a number of new chapters have been added to cover subjects such as perfonnance based seismic engineering, seismic upgrading of existing structures, computer applications, and seismic design of wood structures. A new and very useful feature of this edition is the inclusion of a companion CD-ROM disc containing the complete digital version of the handbook itself and the following very important publications: l. UBC-IBC ( ) Structural Comparisons and Cross References, ICBO, NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation ofbuildings, FEMA-273, Federal Emergency Management Agency, NEHRP Commentary on the Guidelinesfor the Seismic Rehabilitation ofbuildings, FEMA-274, Federal Emergency Management Agency, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Older Structures, Part 1 - Provisions, FEMA-302, Federal Emergency Management Agency, NEHRP Recommended Provisionsfor Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Older Structures, Part 2 - Commentary, FEMA-303, Federal Emergency Management Agency, One should realize that seismic design is still as much an art as it is a science. Therefore,

11 XIV no matter how helpful the material in this handbook might prove to be, it cannot replace or substitute sound engineering judgment. Furthermore, one must recognize that on some seismic design and detailing issues, a general consensus on the appropriate approaches does not yet exist. As an eminent engineer once said: "No two design offices completely agree on all aspects of seismic design or proper detailing." It is the editor's belief, however, that it is through the publication of books like this one, and continuation of research and development, that a general consensus of these issues will finally be reached. We have come a long way towards achieving these objectives during the last decade. The primary purpose of this handbook is to serve practicing engineers and architects. However, its scope and its treatment of both theory and practice should also make it valuable to both teachers and students of earthquakeresistant design. Much has been changed in seismic design practice since the first edition of this handbook was published in We have learned many lessons from world-wide damaging earthquakes during the last decade and these lessons, more or less, have been implemented in recent seismic design codes and guidelines. This is the primary reason why the volume of this edition of the handbook is roughly twice that of the first edition although its objectives have not changed. The first edition of this handbook was received with a degree of enthusiasm that was totally above and beyond the editor's expectations. The book became the de-facto standard textbook for teaching seismic design principles at practically all major universities of the United States. UC Berkeley, Stanford, UCLA, USC, University at Buffalo, University of lllinois, Washington University at Saint Louis, University of Texas at Austin, Georgia Tech, Cornell, and University of Michigan are among the schools that have used the first edition in this country. Overseas, it has been used at the Imperial College of London, Israel Institute of Technology, and many other fine institutions. The editor hopes that this second edition of the handbook will repeat the success of its predecessor and will be found as -if not moreuseful to the readers. The editor welcomes any and all comments, criticisms and suggestions. Comments may be sent by to!arzad@ johnmartin.com. Any errata or supplementary information, if and when necessary, will be posted at FanadNaeim October 2000 Los Angeles, California