Contents. Tables. Terminology and Notations. Foreword. xxi

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1 Tables x Terminology and Notations xi Foreword xxi 1 Aim and scope Aim The Eurocode system Scope of Manual General Basis of the Manual Other general requirements Other exclusions from the scope of this Manual Contents 7 2 Reference documents Other Eurocodes National Forewords and Annexes AFNOR and BSI supporting documentation Other Eurocode manuals Other sources of information Designers guides to the Eurocodes Websites AFPS guides 10 3 National Annexes and Nationally Determined Parameters Purpose of the National Annexes Treatment of Nationally Determined Parameters French National Annexes UK National Annexes 12 4 Performance objectives Introduction No collapse requirement Damage limitation requirement 14 5 Design fundamentals Desirable characteristics of earthquake resistant buildings Primary and secondary elements Dissipative structures and zones 16 v

2 5.4 The behaviour factor q Ductility classes Capacity design method Flow charts of the design process 20 6 Regularity in plan and elevation Introduction Consequences of regularity classification Assessment of regularity in plan Introduction Preliminary assessment of regularity in plan Detailed assessment of regularity in plan Moderate irregularity in plan High irregularity in plan Determining the centres of stiffness, radii of gyration and torsional radii Assessment of regularity in elevation Regular elevations Moderately irregular elevations Highly irregular elevations 36 7 Geotechnical aspects Influence of site conditions on seismic design Principal hazards Active faults Slope stability Topographical effects Potentially liquefiable soils Settlement of soils Site investigation Strength parameters Determination of ground type Soil stiffness and damping 44 8 Design ground motions Introduction Importance classes Ground type Horizontal elastic response spectrum Horizontal design spectra Near source effects 57 9 Seismic analysis Choice of analysis method General assumptions for seismic analysis Modelling Mass to be included in the seismic analysis Torsion 64 vi

3 9.2.4 Combination of the effects of the horizontal seismic components Combinations of seismic loads with other loads Equivalent linear analysis, using a q (behaviour) factor Choice of linear analysis method Use of planar models in buildings with irregularity in plan Lateral force method Modal combinations in multimodal response spectrum analysis Calculation of displacement Non-linear methods Introduction Modelling issues Safety verification Non-linear static (pushover) analysis P-D effects Concrete buildings Overview of main differences between seismic and non-seismic design Design to Eurocode 2 (DCL design) Ductile design (DCM and DCH design) Design strength of materials Material properties Partial factors for material properties Types of reinforced concrete buildings and behaviour factors Moment resisting frames (beams, columns and joints) General conditions for frames Columns Beams Beam-column joints Walls Definitions Dimensions Ductile walls and coupled walls Large lightly reinforced walls Further information on reinforced concrete wall design Detailing of confinement reinforcement Laps and splices Design and detailing of secondary elements Provisions for concrete floor diaphragms Local effects due to masonry or concrete infills Precast frames and precast floor systems Introduction Precast frames Precast concrete floors 127 Contents vii

4 11 Steel buildings Scope Material specification Material properties Partial factors for materials Design to Eurocode 3 (DCL Design) Ductile Design (DCM and DCH Design) Types of steel buildings and behaviour factors Moment resisting frames Concentrically braced frames Behaviour factors Requirements for compactness of sections in dissipative zones General rules for connection design Moment resisting frames (beams, columns and joints) General Dissipative regions Beams Connections Columns Web panels Design of concentrically braced frames General Distribution of bracing strength Columns and beams Connections Additional rules for specific types of concentrically braced frames Unbraced frames with masonry infill Foundations General principles Capacity design of foundations Seismic capacity for shallow foundations Ultimate limit state conditions Sliding Bearing capacity Structural design of shallow concrete foundations Design actions effects Tie beams and foundation beams Design of piled foundations Seismic analysis Design and detailing 161 Contents viii

5 13 Seismic joints Damage limitation Non-structural elements General considerations Protection of acceleration-sensitive non-structural elements Introduction Simplified procedure Seismic coefficient Importance factors Behaviour factors Protection of drift-sensitive non-structural elements General Masonry infill in contact with concrete and steel moment resisting frames 169 References 171 Appendix A: Example calculations of torsional radii and radius of gyration 175 ix