Daran Wastchak. D.R. Wastchak, L.L.C.

Transcription

1 The Principles of Applied Building Science Building The High Performance Home Presented By Daran Wastchak D.R. Wastchak, L.L.C. All rights reserved. Reproduction and/or use of this document and its contents is strictly prohibited without prior consent by D.R. Wastchak, L.L.C. AzBO Objective Find ways to streamline implementation of the IECC - reduce delays, reduce costs, increase understanding of best practices 1. Test procedures, including alternative procedures for both duct and door testing 2. Qualifications of testing firms 3. Options for oversight of testing procedures - reporting, sampling, etc 4. Development of testing standards, and the importance of testing 5. ASHRAE 62.2 compliance and Energy Penalty 6. State Energy Conservation Code proposal 7. REM/Rate energy modeling 8. Radiant barrier vs Cathedralized, unvented attics 9. Cathedralized insulation, pros and cons (research data handout) 1

2 Presentation Outline IECC 2009 and 2012 testing requirements RESNET Sampling Protocols ASHRAE 62.2 Ventilation Cathedralized Unvented Attics ENERGY STAR version 3.0 Overview Miscellaneous Qualifications for Testing Companies New State Energy Code Duct Blaster Blower Door Air Flow Pressure Pan Window Check Infrared 2

3 Duct Blaster Duct Blaster 3

4 Blower Door Flow Hood Pressure Pan 4

5 Window Evaluation Window Evaluation 5

6 Window Evaluation Infrared Thermal Photography 6

7 Infrared Thermal Photography R-7.95 composite R-4.45 composite? R-0.45 composite? R-0.45 drywall R-13 cavity insulation R-3.5 wood framing R-4 stucco insulation R composite Wall R-Values 7

8 IECC 2009 IECC Testing Requirements Air sealing and insulation. Building envelope air tightness and insulation installation shall be demonstrated to comply with one of the following options given by Section or Testing option. Building envelope tightness and insulation installation shall be considered acceptable when tested air leakage is less than seven air changes per hour (ACH) when tested with a blower door at a pressure of 33.5 psf (50 Pa) Visual inspection option. Building envelope tightness and insulation installation shall be considered acceptable when the items listed in Table , applicable to the method of construction, are field verified. Where required by the code official, an approved party independent from the installer of the insulation shall inspect the air barrier and insulation. IECC 2012 IECC Testing Requirements 403 Ducts Duct tightness shall be verified by either of the following: 1. Postconstruction test: Total leakage shall be less than or equal to 4 cfm per 100 ft2 conditioned floor area when tested at a pressure differential of 0.1 inches w.g. (25 Pa) 2. Rough-in test: Total leakage shall be less than or equal to 4 cfm per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area when tested at a pressure differential of 0.1 inches w.g. (25 Pa). If the air handler is not installed at the time of the test, total leakage shall be less than or equal to 3 cfm per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area. Sampling? 8

9 RESNET Sampling Standard To begin sampling, a builder must complete seven (7) consecutive homes without any failures (builders currently sampling are grandfathered) Testing ratio is 1 in 7 homes Sample Set must be completed within 30 days, else create a new set When a failure occurs, must test/inspect for failed item(s) in two (2) additional homes If a failure occurs in one or more additional homes, must test/inspect for failed item(s) in four (4) additional homes If three additional failures for a specific item occur in a 90 day period: A) That item must be tested 7 times in a row without a failure, or B) Builder can conduct a root cause analysis and submit a written report to provider of analysis. Provider can approve resumption of sampling once solution is implemented. Do we build tight homes in Phoenix? Builders 805 Data Points 540 <= 0.30 (67%) 719 <= 0.35 (89%) 781 <= 0.40 (97%) Building Envelope Leakage Rates Phoenix, Arizona July 2001 to April 2002 Natural Air Changes Per Hour (NA ACH) Jun-01 Jul-01 Sep-01 Nov-01 Dec-01 Feb-02 Apr-02 May-02 Tight Construction 9

10 Fresh Air Ventilation American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 62 * 0.35 Natural Air Changes Per Hour (NACH) 15 cfm per person (15 per bedroom + 15 for Master) Poor Indoor Air Quality Less Energy Efficient * ASHRAE 62.2: 7.5 cfm/person (bedroom + 1) cfm per 100 ft 2 continuous ventilation Tight Construction Air-To-Air Exchange Ventilation Graphic from Ray-Dot LLC Tight Construction 10

11 Air-To-Air Exchange Ventilation Tight Construction Exhaust Bath Fan Run fan continuously Run intermittent with smart controllers No requirements by ASHRAE for make-up air 11

12 Energy Penalty AHU fan power consumption: 400 watts EPA ESv3 requires ECM motors 100% run-time = 7 HERS Index points 50% run-time = 3 HERS Index points 33% run-time = 2 HERS Index points * REM/Rate software Tight Construction 8 fresh air duct mounted on extended collar at return filter box (terminate at 6 soffit or roof cap) Increased static pressure in ventilation duct yield great ventilation air flow FRV AirCycler controller, or equivalent, set to 33% duty cycle (1/3 run time, 3x ventilation rate) 12

13 Ducting to space Fresh Air Inlet Manifolds EchoSmart Ventilation by PVT Solar Fresh air supply, not exhaust Uses separate 500 cfm energy efficient ECM ventilation fan in lieu of air handler blower fan Ventilation occurs only during off peak hours, reducing peak HVAC heating/cooling load Sonoran Vent Fresh air supply, not exhaust Uses separate 150 cfm energy efficient ventilation fan in lieu of air handler blower fan Ventilation occurs only during off peak hours, reducing peak HVAC heating/cooling load Removal of ventilation load allow for up to 1/2 ton drop in equipment tonnage 13

14 Thinking Outside The Box 80 deg. Thermal & Air Barriers Thinking Outside The Box Summer 117 deg. T 110 deg. 170 deg. 60 deg. R-4.2 R-30 R deg. T 90 deg. T 37 deg. Thermal & Air Barriers 14

15 Summer 117 deg. Cathedralized Insulation Unvented Attic T 25 deg. R deg deg. R deg. T 5 deg. Thermal & Air Barriers Source: Building Science Corporation 15

16 Cathedralized Insulation Source: Supplements to the Internationa S al Code

17 Source: Building Science Corporation Cathedralized Insulation Options Fiberglass Batts Loose Fill Cellulose Spray Foam Special considerations: Must have concrete tile roofing, no asphalt shingles If flat roof, must have minimum of 1 of foam on top of roof deck Roof deck is the air barrier, so must be air tight No attic vents (i.e. bird blocking, gable vents, O Hagens, etc.) If gas furnace is in attic, must be direct vent, sealed combustion (90 AFUE) 17

18 Cathedralized Insulation Cathedralized Insulation 18

19 Cathedralized Insulation Cathedralized Insulation Structurally Insulated Panels (SIP s) 19

20 Cathedralized Insulation Expanding Foam Icynene or Demilec Expanding Foam Icynene or Demilec 20

21 Cathedralized Insulation Options Gaps Thermal Shorts * Longevity Air Tight Cost SCORE Fiberglass Batts 2 hard to keep tight to deck, sag over time, hard to provide 100% coverage 2 at truss top cord and other complicated framing areas 3 wires can break and/or stretch over time due to heat 2 poor on pitched roofs, only slightly better on flat roofs 4 lowest cost option 13 Cellulose (netted) 4 tricky at complicated framing details. Can be a problem if not packed tight to deck 3 at truss top cord and other complicated framing areas 4 netting typically stapled well and OK w/o ultraviolet damage potential 4 dense packing greatly reduces air movement through material 3 middle cost option, extra expense to hang nets and double mobilize 18 Spray Foam 5 only if poorly installed 5 controlling expansion of foam is challenging 5 very light weight, adhered to all surfaces 5 only insulation that is also an air barrier 2 most expensive but competitive if cathedralized 22 Scale: 1-Bad, 2-Poor, 3-Average, 4-Good, 5-Excellent * True longevity is actually unknown for each product Failing Batts Pictures courtesy of Adanced Insulation, Prescott, AZ 21

22 Cathedralized Insulation BATTS EPA ENERGY STAR Version

23 Presentation Outline IECC 2009 and 2012 testing requirements RESNET Sampling Protocols ASHRAE 62.2 Ventilation Cathedralized Unvented Attics ENERGY STAR version 3.0 Overview Miscellaneous Qualifications for Testing Companies New State Energy Code QUESTIONS 23