Shelter: Learning from vernacular?

Transcription

1 Shelter: Learning from vernacular? Construction Course SHA Gwatt, 25 August 2011 By Tom Schacher

2 The urban context

3 Where to put the shelters

4 when there is no free space?

5 On the site of the original house?

6 Build multi-family shelters?

7 Or let people create makeshift camps

8 in public spaces or private gardens?

9 Or kick them all out of town

10 creating new villages where the IDPs don't disturb?

11 ... and where people will feel at home thanks to the colours inspired by tradition?

12 Rural context

13 There is more space and you can do whatever you want (???).

14 Tarp shelters built 1 year after the quake

15 on riveted steel structures

16 Plywood boxes (Plywood not water resistant)

17 Cyclone resistant timber structures left unfinished

18 Well ventilated shelters not ideal for cyclones

19 Imported prefab shelters

20 but locally assembled (occupying the plot needed for reconstruction?)

21 and adapted to local traditions Glass door

22 and adapted to local traditions Veranda

23 Making use of local and salvaged materials

24 adapted to the climate

25 and local tradition...

26 and taste

27 A good shelter programme may lead to real houses

28 But one needs to know about local culture

29 Use the internet

30 Take some time to look around

31 and learn how people live and what they need.

32 Ask questions BEFORE yougiveanswers

33 How are houses organised? HAITIAN WISDOM FOR AID BUILDINGS Patti Stouter, Landscape Architect

34 What are the important architectural elements? HAITIAN WISDOM FOR AID BUILDINGS Patti Stouter, Landscape Architect

35 How do houses grow over time HAITIAN WISDOM FOR AID BUILDINGS Patti Stouter, Landscape Architect

36 How do people cope with climate? HAITIAN WISDOM FOR AID BUILDINGS Patti Stouter, Landscape Architect

37 Gingerbread: timber structure with brick infills

38 Old urban timber house

39 Old urban timber and stone house

40 Typical rural house

41 Inside a rural house

42 Porticos are important elements in hot climates

43 Porticos are important elements in hot climates

44 Portico in a rural house (but not cyclone proof)

45 Door to storage space

46 Portico and storage space under the roof

47 Lateral addition to the house

48 The importance of the yard

49 Minimum standard for the poorest?

50 Traditional shelter built by the people themselves

51 Rural wattle house

52 Rural wattle and daub house

53 Wattle and daub shelter by HI

54 Different types of plastering according to the wishes of the client

55 Cement plaster on wattle

56 Tin roofs insulated with reeds

57 Same roof over room and veranda is not hurricane proof

58 The German word Wand comes from winden, i.e. wattle and daub

59 Rural timber post house with stone infills

60

61 The traditional way: poles in the ground and no bracings

62 Introducing a plinth to get timber away from humidity

63 Introducing bracings and stone-mud masonry infills

64 Finished house for 1000 usd (that's what they say)

65 Finished house

66

67 Cyclone appropriate veranda roof (can fly away)

68 Ventilation Showing different ways of mud plastering

69 People loved the mud block pattern!

70 Dhajji Pombalino reconstruction of Lisbon in 1755

71 Dhajji Traditional EQ-resistant dhajji construction in Kashmir

72 Dhajji Dhajji reconstruction in Pakistan 2006 Pakistan manual has been used by various organisations in Haiti

73 Modern timber frame with brick infill construction in Sumatra!

74 Modern timber frame with brick infill construction in Sumatra!

75 Shelters inspired by local tradition

76 but modified

77 (interior of the same house)

78 Shelters don't have to be so stupid! The end Luckily Haitians have a good sense of colour!