Soil-Metal Structures

Transcription

1 Soil-Metal Structures Evolution of Design Codes in North American

2 Canada Parent=17 Store ~Microsoft 7.0 Win32Visi

3 CSA G (2007 Pending) 1.1 This Standard applies to the material and fabrication requirements for corrugated steel pipe, spiral rib pipe, and structural plate corrugated steel pipe products. 1.2 This Standard applies to the use of corrugated steel pipe, spiral rib pipe, and structural plate corrugated steel pipe for applications such as culverts, storm sewers, sanitary sewers, subdrains, ground recharge systems, well casings, underpasses, stream enclosures, shelters, and tunnels. 1.3 This Standard does not include requirements for hydraulic design, structural design, construction, and installation.

4 CAN/CSA S6-06 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code Spans greater then 3 m. This is the tenth edition of CAN/CSA-S6, Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. It supersedes the previous edition published in 2000, which amalgamated and superseded CAN/CSA-S6-88, Design of Highway Bridges, and the Ontario Ministry of Transportation's OHBDC-91-01, Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, 3rd ed. Earlier editions of the CSA Standard were published in 1978, 1974, 1966, 1952, 1938, 1929, and Earlier editions of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code were published in 1983 and 1979 by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation.

5 United States ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

6 Design History Until the late 1930 s, the design of Soil- Metal structures was largely empirical. In the 40 s and 50 s, studies were instigated to better understand how corrugated steel structures preformed. Armco published Height of cover tables in 1955 but did not reference a design method. During this era, AASHTO referenced a rational design method based on past history and the ring compression theory. Prior to 1979, Canada followed the AASHTO design method.

7 Design History In 1976 Province of Ontario decided to develop their own Bridge code because AASHTO was a very large bureaucracy and did not permit quickq changes to its design specifications. The term Soil-Steel structures was first used in 1976 by Dr Baidar Bakht as he was developing the 1 st edition of the OHBDC in Canada. In 1979 the first Canadian based code was published Limit States Design Method. As the OHBDC evolved through its various editions, things like MinimumM Heights of Cover, Design check during construction and backfill, Soil arching Factors, Seismic, and Bending Moments were addressed. In 1989, AASHTO decided to write an alternate specification modeled after the OHBDC. This specification, called AASHTO LRFD (load and resistance stance factor design) was published in It is only due to be adopted this year.

8 Soil-Metal Structures Design In 1995 the rest of the Canadian Provinces worked with Ontario to begin the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC). It was first published in The Second edition was published in Nov 2006.

9 Testing Back Up For the CHBDC Box Culvert Haunch Bending Test

10 Super-Cor Flexural Tests

11 Super-Cor Seam Strength Tests

12 Full Destructive Box Culvert Test

13 Box Culvert Instrumentation

14 Box Culvert Instrumentation

15 MTO - Canada Test

16 Full Scale Arch Test Whitehorse Creek, Canada World s s largest corrugated structure Span of 24 m Heavy live load 1100 Tonnes Constructed in six weeks

17 Structure Monitoring Whitehorse Creek was instrumented and monitored Provides a tool to validate design codes, and FEA Gives immediate feedback during construction phase, the most critical time Provides information on how to optimize future designs

18 Finite Element Analysis (FEA) First FEA programs geared towards soil- structure interaction developed in the 1970 s Used as a method to confirm analysis theories from design codes A good tool for advancing products Essential for understanding behaviour of structures outside the scope of design codes

19 FEA Soil Zones

20 Innovations - FEA Construction Layers

21 FEA Structure Results Bending Moment Axial Thrust Increase knowledge of large soil-metal structure behaviour Bending and axial stresses change even after construction has completed

22 FEA Results Soil Stress

23 Innovations 1. EC Ribs 2. Concrete Relieving Slabs 3. Skew-Bevel Ends

24 Innovations - Encased Concrete Ribs

25 Relieving Slabs

26 Innovations Skew-Bevel Ends

27 Soil-Metal Structure Summary Can be safely designed using the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code & FEA Deflections are small Economical alternative to traditional bridges

28 Thank You