PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) APPRAISAL STAGE

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1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Project Name Region Sector Project ID Borrower(s) Implementing Agency PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) APPRAISAL STAGE ISMEP - ADDITIONAL FINANCING Report No.: AB6261 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Sub-national government administration (20%);Other social services (10%);Health (20%);General education sector (40%);General information and communications sector (10%) P REPUBLIC OF TURKEY, UNDER-SECRETARIAT OF IPCU-ISTANBUL PROJECT COORDINATION UNIT OF SPECIAL PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNORATE OF IST TIYATRO CADDESI NO:16 BEYAZIT FATIH TR Turkey Tel: Fax: info@ipkb.gov.tr Istanbul Special Provincial Administration Yerebatan Caddesi No: 10 Sultanahmet Eminonu-Fatih Istanbul Turkey Tel: (902-12) Fax: (902-12) sabri.kaya@ioi.gov.tr Istanbul Special Provincial Administration Environment Category [ ] A [X] B [ ] C [ ] FI [ ] TBD (to be determined) Date PID Prepared January 11, 2011 Date of Appraisal Authorization Date of Board Approval April 19, Country and Sector Background Turkey is highly vulnerable to natural disasters, particularly earthquakes. In the 1999 Marmara earthquakes, the death toll reached over 17,000 with a direct economic impact estimated at about US$5 billion, or around 2.5 percent of GNP. Within the nation s high-risk context, Istanbul is most vulnerable because of its seismic-prone location on the North Anatolian Fault, and its high population and commercial/industrial densities. According to recent assessments carried out by JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) experts1, the probability of a major earthquake

2 affecting Istanbul in the next 30 years is 62% ± 12%, while the likelihood of such devastation in the next decade is 32% ± 12%. This is roughly comparable to the risk faced by Los Angeles and San Francisco, but with damage potential that is much higher because of Istanbul s greater structural vulnerabilities. If a seismic event of the same magnitude as that in 1999 were to occur near Istanbul, the human suffering as well as the social, economic, and environmental impacts would be dramatically higher than in the Marmara region, as Istanbul is not only the financial, cultural and industrial center of the country, but is also a nexus of inter-continental importance and home of about 15 million people. An interruption of Istanbul s social, economic and financial life would be felt for many years to come. Some sources estimate the economic impact of such a disaster would be more than US$20 billion. The JICA study estimates that an event similar to the Marmara earthquake could result in up to 87,000 fatalities, 135,000 injuries and heavy damage to 350,000 public and private buildings. 2. Objectives The objective of the project is to improve Istanbul s preparedness for a potential earthquake through enhancing the institutional and technical capacity for disaster management and emergency response, strengthening critical public facilities for earthquake resistance, and supporting measures for better enforcement of building codes and land use plans. 3. Rationale for Bank Involvement The Bank has established a long history of financing emergency rehabilitation projects following disasters in Turkey and other countries globally. However, in the recent years, more attention has been given to mitigation programs enhancing governmental capacities to respond to disasters and reduce their risk, including strengthening of organizational frameworks, emergency response management systems, risk reduction investments, insurance programs, etc. The Bank has been engaged in disaster mitigation operations in other ECA countries, including Romania, Kyrgyzstan, Poland, Russia, Albania, and Moldova. With this background, the Bank has a unique ability to focus not only on the physical, but also the economic and social aspects of hazard risk management, as well as the associated critical policy and institutional reforms. The Bank can provide effective assistance as the Government of Turkey shifts from a reactive to a more proactive approach to disaster management. From the ultimate beneficiaries perspective, i.e. the residents of Istanbul, the issue of strengthening of public facilities is very important, particularly, since the Marmara earthquake. High standards and credibility of the implementing organization are instrumental for residents support to a seismic risk mitigation program. Involvement of the Bank, and associated transparency and quality assurance, provide for the necessary elements to gradually build a popular trust in the risk reduction efforts, and will increase prospects for future replication of the good retrofitting practices. While the Government has been successful in securing the participation and financing of other financial institutions, such EIB and CEB, to advance the seismic safety of Istanbul, demand for the Bank s continued involvement in the project is high, not only for the additional funds that will scale up the number of physical investments completed under the project, but also to ensure

3 continuity and stability of the project s institutional, financial, fiduciary and technical framework. The institutional set-up for the project implementation and the mechanism of quality control of the retrofitting designs and works provide an assurance for the effective seismic risk mitigation program, and an example for other provinces prone to earthquake risk. 4. Description The proposed additional loan will help finance the costs associated with scaled-up activities to enhance the impact of this well-performing project. The proposed AF will increase project outcomes in two main areas: (a) retrofitting/reconstruction of more public buildings under Component B (Seismic Risk Mitigation for Public Buildings); and (b) further strengthening institutional capacity in emergency response under Component A (Enhancing Emergency Preparedness). Component C (Building Code and Land Use Codes Enforcement) remains in the project as originally designed but no additional financing is foreseen. Further support is also proposed to Component D (Project Management). The additional loan will allow the Istanbul Government to strengthen or reconstruct a larger number of critical public facilities that are vulnerable to seismic forces from the target 550 buildings to 662, and consequently, potentially save more lives by making a larger portion of Istanbul s public structures earthquake resilient. It will also help further enhance the capacity of the Istanbul Governorship to respond and manage disasters and emergencies by: (i) updating emergency response plans; (ii) setting up a training and exercise program for disaster response; and (iii) establishing a sustainable disaster risk management volunteer system and raising public awareness. 5. Financing Source: ($m.) Borrower 0 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 150 Total Implementation Based on the good performance of the current implementation model, the same institutional arrangement will be applied for the activities proposed under the additional financing. The IPCU, which is organizationally located under the Governorship of Istanbul Special Provincial Administration (ISPA) and responsible for day-do-day implementation activities, has been performing very well and manages not only the Bank-financed ISMEP project but also parallel public building retrofitting/reconstruction programs financed by the EIB and CEB. The IPCU has a proven track record and recently increased its staffing to accommodate the needs of this large investment program and its planned scale-up. 7. Sustainability

4 The original ISMEP project catalyzed the new funding and gave a stimulus for the continued government efforts to protect the city and its residents from earthquakes potential catastrophic impacts. This along with the continuously satisfactory performance of the project over the years, are good indicators for its sustainability. The maintenance of the seismically strengthened structures in the time beyond the project implementation period follow normal procedures used for buildings. The long-term sustainability of the emergency communication and information system, as well as the response equipment is dependent upon two factors: continuing budgetary support from the local governments to maintain the systems and equipment. Given the level of commitment demonstrated by the Istanbul Governorship to emergency preparedness, and the fact that the communications and emergency response systems and equipment is used on a day-to-day basis, there is every reason to believe that the initiatives undertaken under the project will continue to be supported. 8. Lessons Learned from Past Operations in the Country/Sector The design of ISMEP project takes into account international experience which demonstrates that reducing life loss and minimizing property damage in the immediate aftermath of major earthquakes is most effectively achieved by agencies, authorities and resources and individual residents in the affected area. Outside assistance is essential when local capacity is exceeded as a result of the scale of the event, but, ultimately, all disasters are local. Building local capacity, therefore, is the most effective strategy for improving emergency preparedness. Enhancement of emergency management capacity and mitigation of risk to the essential disaster response public structures is at the heart of the ISMEP project design, which promotes a decentralized approach to implementation of the risk reduction efforts and strengthening the regional institutions, which already showed a notable initiative. Some of the lessons learned from the original ISMEP project and incorporated in the additional financing include the understanding that the government s role is to coordinate and provide enabling policies for emergency preparedness at the individual, community, and national levels, including the municipalities and private sector; the project must comply with due process principles including transparency, accountability, efficiency, and probity during implementation to ensure public buy-in; expectations from retrofitting of public buildings should be kept realistic; and stakeholder participation, including participatory consultation meetings, should be carried out on a regular basis. 9. Safeguard Policies (including public consultation) The original project is environmental category B and there are no anticipated changes to the Safeguard Policies triggered under the project for which potential environmental impacts have been assessed and an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was developed. Since project effectiveness, environmental monitoring has been carried out and the same process will be applied for the activities to be supported with the additional loan. A detailed EMP which addresses potential environmental impacts and mitigation/monitoring measures was prepared by the IPCU and approved by the Bank during the preparation of the original project. The same

5 document will be used for the additional financing with some very minor revisions limited to updating of the referenced national environmental regulations. The revised EMP was reviewed by the Bank and found adequate. On December 3, 2010, the EMP was disclosed on the Istanbul Governorship IPCU website and sent to the Info Shop on December 9, Similarly to the original project, no involuntary resettlement is expected to take place as the retrofitting and reconstruction will take place on existing sites and/or on public land, and the proposed investments are not expected to require any land expropriation, and are free of encroachments or squatters and there are no legal or illegal private use of these properties. The safeguard policy on Cultural Property (O.P. 4.11) was triggered in the original project and will continue to be triggered due to a potential inclusion of structures classified as cultural heritage buildings, or their location in proximity to such assets. The EMP includes the review of current regulations and practices and incorporates the appropriate mitigation measures. 10. List of Factual Technical Documents Study on Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Basic Plan in Istanbul including Seismic Microzonation in the Republic of Turkey ; Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) December 2002 Earthquake Masterplan for Istanbul ; developed for: Metropolitan Municipality of Istanbul, Planning and Construction Directorate, Geotechnical and Earthquake Investigation Department; by Bogaziçi University, Istanbul Technical University, Middle East Technical University, Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul July 7, 2003 [English Version] Observations on Earthquake Risk and Engineering Practices in Istanbul, Turkey ; Peter Yanev; November 2004 Assessment of Stakeholders Approach to Seismic Vulnerability and Housing Stock Strengthening In Istanbul ; Deniz Baharoglu; October 2003 Assessments of Design and Preparation of the ISMEP Project. Final Report ; Pacific Consultants International; December 2004 Study on Building Codes Enforcement in Turkey ; PROTA; February Contact point Contact: Jolanta Kryspin-Watson Title: Operations Officer Tel: (202) Fax: jkryspin@worldbank.org 12. For more information contact: The InfoShop The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW

6 Washington, D.C Telephone: (202) Fax: (202) Web: