EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE USING GLASS POWDER AND GRANITE POWDER

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1 97 EXPERIENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE USING GLASS POWDER AND GRANITE POWDER rs.g.lavanya *, R.Karuppasamy ** * Asst Professor, Dept of Civil Engg, University College of Engineering, Ramanathapuram, Tamilnadu ** PG Scholar, Anna University Regional Campus, adurai, Tamilnadu ABSTRACT Glass is unstable in the alkaline environment of concrete and could cause deleterious alkali-silica reaction problems. This property has been used to advantage by grinding it into a fine glass powder (GLP) for incorporation into concrete as a pozzolanic material. Using glass powder and granite powder in concrete is an interesting possibility for economy on waste disposal sites and conservation of natural resources. The strength properties will be compared with the conventional concrete after the curing period of 7, 14 and 28 days. The grade of concrete used in this project is 2, 3 and 4. Waste glasses and granite wastes are to be used so the cost will be comparatively low when compared with normal concrete. Key words: Concrete, Glass powder, Granite powder, RCC. 1. INTRODUCTION Concrete is a composite construction material composed primarily of aggregate, cement and water. Generally Concrete is strong in compression and weak in tension. Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but much lower tensile strength. For this reason is usually reinforced with materials that are strong in tension (often steel). Concrete can be damaged by many processes, such as the freezing of trapped water. Concrete is acknowledged to be a relatively brittle material when subjected to normal stresses and impact loads, where tensile strength is only approximately one tenth of its compressive strength. As a result for these characteristics, concrete member could not support such loads and stresses that usually take place, majority on concrete beams and slabs.. The introduction of waste glass in cement will increase the alkali content in the cement. It also helps in bricks and ceramic manufacture and it preserves raw materials, decreases energy consumption and volume of waste sent to landfill. Their recycling ratio is close to 1%, and it is also used in concrete without adverse effects in concrete durability. The main objective of this project is to investigate the development of Concrete Strength using glass powder as a partial replacement forcement and granite powder for fine aggregate. In trial mixes fine aggregate is replaced 25% of its weight by Granite powder. And cement is replaced 2% of its weight by Glass powder in all mixes. The investigation is also aimed at finding out the optimum grade of concrete for superior strength while using Glass powder and Granite powder. Literature Review AkshayC.Sankh et al (29) [1] stated that there is a need to find the new alternative material to replace the river sand, such that excess river erosion and harm to environment is prevented. any researchers are finding different materials to replace sand and one of the major materials is quarry stone dust. Using different proportion of these quarry dust along with sand the required concrete mix can be obtained. This paper presents a review of the different alternatives to natural sand in preparation of mortar and concrete. The paper emphasize on the physical and mechanical properties and strength aspect on mortar and concrete. Baboo rai et al (211) [2] usedmarble powder and its granules as partial replacement for the fine aggregate. By using these materials cement mortar and concrete were prepared. After that the relative workability test, compressive strength test and flexural strength test were conducted. From that test results, they conclude that when the percentage of marble powder added in concrete increases, the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete is also increase. Belachia. et al (211) [3] used the recycled aggregates in the making of hydraulic concrete. Properties like density, workability, compressive strength and flexural strength of the hydraulic concrete was found and compared with the properties of conventional concrete. The optimum percentage of recycled aggregate found from the comparative study was 25% for the ultimate strength and 5% for the ultimate density. Goliya.H.S et al (28) [4] researched based on the finding out the suitable alternative of concrete ingredients such as cement is replaced by fly ash, stone dust, ground granulated blast-furnace slag etc. and sand is replaced by stone dust, fly ash etc. Since in this study an attempt is made to find out the strength properties; compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete by partial replacement of both cement &

2 98 sand in which cement is replaced by glass powder as a pozzolana and sand by pond ash in concrete. LeemaRose.A et al (211) [5] showed thatglass powder is obtained as a waste material after the extraction and processing of glass to form fine particles less than 4.75mm.Glass powder has been used in large scale in highways as a surface finishing material and also used in the manufacture of hollow blocks and light weight concrete prefabricated elements. onica et al (213) [6] used various alternate materials like marble powder, quarry dust, wood ash and paper pulp in concrete as replacement of cement in making of concrete. In this paper they concluded that, by using these materials in concrete, nearly about 14% to 2% of cement was saved. Chemical properties of concrete like sulphate attack resistance and alkali aggregate resistance was increased while using these materials. By using these waste materials in concrete, the problems in disposal of these materials on lands get reduced and the environmental pollution was prevented. 2. ATERIAL DISCRIPTION 2.1 Glass powder The issue of recycled glass is quite complicated from a chemistry point of view. Years ago, the reinforcement fiberglass manufacturers saw a large market potential in using glass reinforcements as reinforcing fiber in concrete. Early tests soon indicated that normal chemistry reinforcement fiberglass almost totally dissolved in the concrete environment, as the extremely low alkali content of the fiber glass, about 1%, caused it to be highly susceptible to alkalis in concrete environments. The fiberglass manufacturers were able to address the problem by adding 16% zirconia to the glass chemistry to make it alkali resistant (so called AR glass). Table 2.1 Chemical Compositions Granite powder (%) Chemical Composition Glass powder(%) SiO Al 2 O K 2 O Na 2 O CaO Fe 2 O go REINFORCEENT BARS Fe415 reinforcement bars of diameter 8mm, 12mm and Fe25 bars of diameter 6mm were purchased for the required length. Table 2.2Reinforcement Details forrcc Beams Beams Under Reinforced Balanced Section Reinforcement Bars Top Bottom Stirrups 2 # 8 mm 2 # 8 mm 3 # 8 mm 6 1 mm c/c 2 # 12 mm # 8 mm mm c/c 3. EXPERIENTAL WORK 3.1 ix Design The common method of expressing the proportions of ingredients of a concrete mix is in the terms of parts or ratios of cement, fine and coarse aggregates. The proportions are either by volume or by mass. The water-cement ratio is usually expressed in mass. Table 3.1 ix Proportions 2.2 Granite powder Granite powder can be used as filler as it helps to reduce the total voids content in concrete. Granite powder and quarry rock dust improve pozzolanic reaction. The quarry rock dust and granite powder can be used as 1% substitutes for natural sand in concrete. The compressive, split tensile and durability studies of concrete made of quarry rock dust nearly more than the conventional concrete. The concrete resistance to sulphate attack will enhance greatly. The combination of pozzloanic and filler action leads to increase in compressive and split tensile strengths, reduction in bleeding and segregation of fresh concrete, reduction in permeability, reduction in alkali silica reaction, reduction in sulphate attack, chemical attack and corrosion attack, leading to increased durability and reduction in heat of hydration. S.No of Concrete Cement Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate Water

3 Compressive Strength Test The tests were carried out on 15x15x15mm size cube, as per IS: The test specimens were removed from the moulds and unless required for test within 24 hours, immediately submerged in clean fresh water and kept there until taken out just prior to test. A 3 KN capacity Standard Compression Testing machine is used to conduct the test. The specimen was placed between the steel plates of the compressiontesting machine. The load is applied and the failure load in KN is observed from the dial gauge of the Compression Testing machine. The compression test on cubes was conducted according to Indian Standard specifications. The compressive strength of the cube specimen is calculated using the following formula: Compressive Strength, f c = P/A N/mm 2. P = Load at failure in N A = Area subjected to compression inmm Split Tensile Strength A direct measurement of ensuring tensile strength of concrete is difficult. One of the indirect tension test methods is split tension test. The split tensile strength test was carried out on the universal testing machine. The casting and testing of the specimens were done as per IS 5816: The split tensile strength of the cylinder specimen is calculated using the following formula: Split Tensile Strength, f sp =2P / LD N/mm 2 P = Load at failure in N L = Length of the Specimen in mm D = meter of the Specimen in mm 3.4 Flexural Strength Test Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, bending strength or fracture strength a mechanical parameter for brittle material, is defined as a material's ability to resist deformation under load. The transverse bending test is most frequently employed, in which a specimen having either a circular or rectangular crosssection is bent until fracture or yielding using a three point flexural test technique. The flexural strength represents the highest stress experienced within the material at terms of stress, here given the symbol calculated using the following formula: The flexural strength when a >133 mm for 1 mm specimen, f fb = Pa / bd 2 The flexural strength when a < 133 mm for 1 mm specimen, f fb = 3Pa / bd 2 B D a P = measured width of specimen inmm = measured depth in mm of the specimen at the point of failure. = distance of the crack from the nearer support in mm = maximum load in N applied to the specimen. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Following tables and figures are showing the results of the various tests. Table 4.1 Compressive strength Compressive strength in N/mm Percentag e of GLP + GRP Replace ment th day 14th 28th day day Curing period 2 Conventional 2 GLP+GRP 3 Conventional 3 GLP+GRP 4 Conventional 4 GLP+GRP Fig 4.1 Compressive strength Compressive strength 7 14 Table 4.2 Split tensile strength 28 Conventional % + 25% Conventional % + 25% Conventional % + 25% Percentage of GLP + GRP Replacement Split tensile strength Conventional % + 25% Conventional % + 25% Conventional % + 25%

4 1 Based on the test results it was inferred that at which percentage replaced with Glass powder and Granite powder given the better results than the conventional concrete with respect to 7,14 and 28 days Compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength. Fig 4.2 Split tensile strength Table 4.3 Flexural strength Percentage of GLP + GRP Replacement Under reinforce d section Fig 4.3 Flexural strength Flexural strength Balanced Section Conventional % + 25% Conventional % + 25% Conventional % + 25% CONCLUSION Experimental investigations were conducted to determine the Characteristics of Various grades of concrete such as 2, 3 and 4 by replacing of cement with Glass Powder (GLP) and fine aggregate with Granite powder (GRP). Concrete specimens were casted and tested for determine the Compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength. Compressive strength increases with respect to the grade of concrete. Concrete acquires maximum compressive strength at 2% Glass powder and 25% Granite powder replaced for cement and fine aggregate respectively in all grades of concrete. aximum Compressive strength of cube is found to be 42.6 pa for 4 and it is increased by 12% than the conventional concrete. aximum split tensile strength of cylinder is found to be 6.99 pa for 4 and it is increased by 18% than the conventional concrete. aximum flexural strength of prism is found to be 9.26 pa for 4 Balanced section and it increased by 7% than the conventional concrete. From the above experimental results, it is proved that Glass powder and Granite powder can be used as alternative materials in concrete, reducing cement consumption and reducing the cost of construction. Use of industrial waste products saves the environment and conserves natural resources. REFERENCES 1. Akshay Sankh.C and Naghathan.S.J, (29), Experimental investigation of waste quarry stone dust as the partial replacement of sand in concrete production, International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: , Volume-3, Issue-3, pp Baboo rai and Khan Naushad (211), arble powder concrete International Journal of Engineering Sciences Research-IJESR Vol.3, Issue 2; ISSN: ; e-issn , pp Belachia. and Hebhoub.H (211), Effects of Recycled aggregates on fresh concrete, Indian Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 3 pp Goliya,H.S and ohit ahajan (28), Effects of Glass powder and Pond ash on Concrete strength International Journal on Design and anufacturing Technologies, Vol.3, No.3, pp Leema Rose.A and egha.s. Saji (211), Usage of Glass powder in manufacturing of concrete, Indian Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 2, pp onica and Dhoka.C (213), Effects of various waste materials on compressive strength of

5 11 concrete, Indian Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 5, pp Priscilla., Pushparaj and Naik.A (21), Experimental investigation of using waste glass powder as partial replacement for cement, International Journal on Design and anufacturing Technologies, Vol.1, No.2, pp Shirule.P.A (212), arble dust used as partial replacement for cement, International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: , Volume-3, Issue-3, pp Vijayakumar.G, Vishaliny.H and Govindarajulu.D (213), Studies on Glass Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Production, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering ISSN , ISO91:28 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 2, pp Liang Hong (211), Use Of Waste Glass As Aggregate In Concrete the University of Edinburgh, UK, Deputy General Engineer at Guang Xi Research & Design Institute of Building Science, China the University of Sheffield, UK. 11. alik., Iqbal, Bashir uzafar, Ahmad Sajad, Tariq Tabish and Chowdhary Umar (213), Study of Concrete Involving Use of Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates, IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) e- ISSN: , p-issn: Vol. 3, Issue 7, pp Patel Dhirendra, Yadav.R.K and Chandak R.(212) Strength Characteristics of Cement ortar Paste Containing Coarse and Fine Waste Glass Powder International Journal of Engineering Sciences Research-IJESR Vol 3, Issue 2; ISSN: ; e-issn , pp Vandhiyan.R, Ramkumar.K and Ramya.R (213) Experimental Study On Replacement Of Cement By Glass Powder International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 5, ay, ISSN: , pp