INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad CIVIL ENGINEERING

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1 INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad CIVIL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Course Name : GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES Course Code : A012 Class : III B. Tech IISemester Branch : Civil Engineering Year : Course Faculty : Dr. Kavita Singh, Assistant professor OBJECTIVES I. This course covers important design and construction aspects associated with ground improvement techniques including Vertical Drains, Lightweight Fills, Vibro-Compaction, Dynamic Compaction, Stone Columns, Deep Soil Mixing, Column Supported Embankments, MSE Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes, Soil Nailing, and Grouting. II The goal of the course is to help participants determine the applicability and preliminary cost analysis for techniques that could be employed to improve the ground to permit construction of geotechnical facilities for transportation applications. III. Participants will develop an appreciation for exploring and characterizing subsurface soil and rock in the laboratory, as well as the requisite design parameters necessary to develop a preliminary design and cost estimate. Instructors will discuss and summarize the advantages and limitations of each method. IV. The course is designed to elicit maximum input from participants particularly regarding their understanding of application criteria, the impact of geotechnical features on the long-term performance, and contracting methods PART A (Short Answer Questions) S. No QUESTION Blooms Course Taxonomy Outcome Level UNIT I 1 Define challenging soil. 1,2,3 2 What are the major problematic soils? 1,2,3 3 What is expansive soil? Give one example. 1,2,3 What are the difficulties faced with soft clay? Analyze 1,2,3 How is loose sand a challenging soil? 1,2,3 What is a collapsible soil? Name the various soil deposits found in India. 1,2,3 1,2,3 8 What is the need for improving the ground? Analyze 1,2,3 9 Name any four ground improvement techniques. 1,2,3 10 Define ground improvement. 1,2,3 11. What are the improved soils 1,2,3 12. Define Raft foundations 1,2,3 13 Define Reinforced Concrete 1,2,3

2 1 Define Tensile strength 1,2,3 1 What is Ductility 1,2,3 1 What is Sear strength 1,2,3 1 Define Sedimentary soils 1,2,3 18 What is fill material 1,2,3 19 What is ground Alteration 1,2,3 20 Disscuss oven Drying method 1,2,3 1 P a g e UNIT II 1 Explain in brief the method of dynamic compaction of cohesionless soil 1,2,3 2 3 What is vibro compaction. What is blasting modification? 1,2,3 1,2,3 Define Dynamic Tamping. Knowledge 1,2,3 What mechanical modification. 1,2,3 What is compaction? 1,2,3 What is compaction pile? 1,2,3 8 What is stone column? Analyze 1,2,3 9 How is blasting a ground improvement technique? Analyze 1,2,3 10 Write the advantages of compaction piles. 1,2,3 11 What is cohesionless soils 1,2,3 12 What are the methods of installing a stone column? 1,2,3 13 Write the disadvantages of compaction piles. 1,2,3 1. What is impact rollers 1,2,3 1. Define plate vibraters 1,2,3 1. Define vibro-replacement stone columns. 1,2,3 1. When compaction is it adopted? 1,2,3 18 Disscss the method of compaction piles. 1,2,3 19. Write the effects of compaction. 1,2,3 20. What is vibro-displacement. 1,2,3 UNIT III 1. When are deep wells used for dewatering? Analyze 2., What is dewatering? Analyze 3. What are the objectives used in dewatering? Differentiate. What are the techniques used in dewatering?. Explain about well point system.. What is hydraulic modification? Analyze. What is electro kinetic dewatering? 8 Define well point system 9 Define vacuum dewatering system. 10 What is electro-osmotic dewatering? Define permeability and seepage. 12 Define coarse grain soils 13 Define fine grain soils. 1 What are the filter requirements of a filler material? 1 What are drains?

3 1 What are the various methods of dewatering? 1 What are the different types of drains? 19 Define Geosynthetics? 20 Define geotextile. UNIT - IV 1. Define grouting.,8,9 2. Write the applications of grouting.,8,9 3. What are the functions of admixtures. Analyze,8,9.. What are the different types of grouts? Name the different methods of grout injection.,8,9,8,9. What are the two methods of mechanical stabilization?,8,9. How is stabilization of soil achieved by cement?,8,9 What are the methods adopted in construction of stabilized 8. roads?,8,9 Explain stabilization by heating in thermal methods of ground improvement techniques.,8, What are the various methods of grouting Analyze,8,9 11 Explain about compaction Grouting.,8,9 12 Discuss dry mix Vs wet mix.,8,9 13 Define Concrete.,8,9 1 What is crack grouting,8,9 1. What is low mobility Grouting.,8,9 1 Define freezing of ground,8,9 1 Define heating of ground,8,9 18 What is soil-cement or soil-lime coloumn,8,9 19 What is deep chemical mixing method,8,9 20 What are thermal methods of ground improvement,8,9 UNIT - V Define soil nailing. 1 2 Define Geotextiles. 10,11,12 10,11,12 3 What is rock bolting 10,11,12 What is soil reinforcement Analyze 10,11,12 Define grid reinforcement soil 10,11,12 Disscuss about ground achors 10,11,12 What is soil reinforcement? 10,11,12 What are the application of geosythetics? 10,11,12 What is in- Situ reinforcement 10,11,12 8 Define soil or fill material 10,11,12 9 Define Reinforcement 10,11,12 10 Define facing 10,11,12 11 Define Geogrids 10,11,12 12 What is stone coloumn 10,11,12 13 Define Sand coloumn 10,11,12 1 What is steep-faced embankments. 10,11,12 1 What is reinforced soil walls. 10,11,12 1 Define Geomembrane 10,11,12 1 Define driven nails 10,11,12 18 Define Grouted nails 10,11,12 19 What are jet Grouted nails 10,11,12 20 What are the advantages of soil nailing 10,11,12 Group - II (Long Answer Questions)

4 S. No QUESTION Blooms Course Taxonomy Outcome Level UNIT - I 1 1,2,3 Explain in detail the role of ground improvement in foundation engineering 2 1,2,3 What are the objectives of ground improvement Technique. 3 1,2,3 Disscuss in detail the need for Engineered ground improvement. (a) Explain in brief what is a stone column and how is it installed? 1,2,3 Write down the application of Impact rollers 1,2,3 Analyze 1,2,3 Write the classifications of ground improvement Technique. What are the thermal methods of modification? 1,2,3 8 Define challenging soil. What are the major problematic soils? 1,2,3 What are the methods used to determine the water content in the 9 soil. 1,2,3 10. Disscuss what is plastic limit of the Soil? 1,2,3 11. Disscuss the liquid limit of the soil. 1,2,3 What are the various geotechnical problems faced with black 12. cotton soil, 1,2,3 What are the factors influencing the selection of ground 13. improvement techniques? 1,2,3 Write in brief about (a) Compaction b) vibrocompaction 1. c) Preloading Analyze 1,2,3 What is Hydraulic modification? What are the various methods 1 of dewatering? 1,2,3 What are the various geotechnical problems faced with laterite soil and alluvial soil deposits? 1,2,3 1 1 What is the requirements for ground Alterations after formation. 1,2,3 18 What is the effect of temperature variation on the soil. 1,2,3 19 What are the types of reclamation materials. 1,2,3 20 What are the favourable ground conditions for construction. 1,2,3 UNIT - II 1 What are the equipements used in vibro compaction method? Disscuss the installation procedure with a neat diagram. 1,2,3 2 Explain in detail the method of dynamic compaction of cohesion less and dynamic consolidation of cohesive soil. Analyze 1,2,3 3 Analyze 1,2,3 What is vibro-compaction? In which soils is it adopted? What is stone column? What are the methods of installing a stone column? Analyze 1,2,3 Discuss with a neat diagram installation of explosives for ground improvement techniques. 1,2,3

5 How is a rammed stone column installed? 1,2,3 What is compaction piles? Disscuss the installation procedure of compaction piles. Analyze 1,2,3 Explain in detail the method of dynamic compaction of 8 cohesion less soil 1,2,3 Explain with a neat diagram the installation procedure of 9 compaction piles 1,2,3 Explain in detail the method of dynamic compaction and Remememb 10 dynamic consolidation of cohesive soil. er 1,2,3 11 What are the equipment used in the vibrocompaction. 1,2,3 Discuss in detail the installation procedure of the 12 vibrocompaction 1,2,3 1 What is densification of soil? Explain in detail. 1,2,3 1. How dynamic tamping is helpful in compaction of the soil. 1,2,3 Write short notes on: a) Heavy Tamping b) Impact rollers c) Plate vibrators 1 1,2,3 Write the advantages and Disadvantages of sand blasting 1 Techniques 1,2,3 UNIT-III 1 How dewatering system that is applicable to different soils? 2 Differentiate open drains, closed drains and horizontal drains. 3 What are the different types of well point systems? What are the essential feature of the open sumps and ditches? What is the principle behind electro-kinetic method? What is the need for drainage and dewatering? Explain single stage well point and multi stage well points with neat sketch. Write the various methods of preloading. Explain Explain 8 9 What are vertical drains? And when it is adopted, 10 Discuss the dewatering by vacuum method How are the mechanisms of dewatering by electro osmosis with neat sketches? 11 When is pre-loading adopted as a ground improvement 12 technique? What is multistage well point installation? Discuss with a neat 13 diagram What is single stage well point installation system? Discuss 1. with a neat diagram. Discuss the advantages and Disadvantages of dewatering 1 system Discuss the consideration taken to design a proper dewatering 1 system

6 What are the parameters considered in well installation 1 technique Explain different geosynthetic properties and their testing 1 methods. 18. Explain about fiber and materials in geosythetics. 19. What are various applications of geosynthetic What is filtration in ground improvement technique? Disscuss 20 in detail. UNIT - IV Describe in detail about the various methods of grouting with 1 neat sketches.,8,9 2,8,9 Write short notes on: (a) Pre-grout investigation (b) Grout holes pattern (c) Selection of grout characteristics 3 Disscuss about compaction grouting and jet grouting,8,9 How are heating and freezing used to improve ground?,8,9,8,9 What are the various methods of jet grouting? Define Grouting. What are the material used in grouting? Apply,8,9 Disscuss in detail the grouting procedure.,8,9 8 Define grouting. What are the characteristics of Grouting? Evaluate,8,9 9 How are heating and freezing used to improve ground? Evaluate,,8,9 Analyze 10 What do you understand from the term chemical stabilization? Analyze,8,9 11 Explain about the jet grouting with neat sketch.,8,9 12 What is the procedure for cement grouting of cracks in concrete structures,8,9 13 What is chemical grouting.,8,9 Discuss Shotcreting and Guiting Technology ,8,9 Discuss the application of Grouting?,8,9 What are the different types of Grouting.,8,9 What is suspension Grout.,8,9 Discuss the procedure for cement grouting of cracks in concrete 18. structures.,8,9 19. Discuss jetting method in Grouting,8,9 20 Disscuss shotcrete Vs Gunite in detail.,8,9 UNIT - V 1 What are the various types of geosynthetics? Apply 10,11,12 2 What are four major applications of geosynthetics? Evaluate 10,11,12 3 Evaluate 10,11,12 Define geosynthetics. What are the various types of geosynthetics? Evaluate 10,11,12 Name a few raw materials that are used in the manufacture of geosynthetics. Apply 10,11,12

7 Describe in a few words about rock bolting. Analyze 10,11,12 With neat sketches explain in detail the various applications of reinforced earth for ground improvement. Apply 10,11,12 8 Describe in detail about soil nailing and when is it adopted? Apply 10,11,12 What could be best possible method of improving foundation 9 system of archeologically important structure laid on silty sand soils? 10,11,12 10 why soil nails are called passive inclusion. 10,11,12 Write short note on: a) Soil nailing b) Rock bolting c) Ground Anchors d) Reinforced Soil 11 10,11,12 What are the three basic material composites required in the 12 construction of any reinforced soil structure? 10,11,12 What are the applications areas for the use of earth 13 reinforcement 10,11,12 1 Soil nailing technique is used for which purpose? Analyze 10,11,12 1 What are the application soil nailing? 10,11,12 1 What are the machineries used for soil nailing? 10,11,12 1 What are the materiels used for soil nailing? 10,11,12 18 What are the application areas of ground anchors Apply 10,11,12 Define ground anchors. What are the different types of ground 19 anchors 10,11, ,11,12 Write the applications of rock bolting Apply Group - III (Analytical Questions) S. No QUESTION Blooms Course Taxonomy Outcome Level UNIT - I 1 Write in detail the principle, operation and applications of vibro-compaction method of ground improvement Analyze 1,2,3 2 1,2,3 How does a sand compaction pile improve the soil? Write a detailed note on its installation and functioning. Analyze 3 1,2,3 What are the various geotechnical problems faced with black cotton soil, laterite soil and alluvial soil deposits? Analyze How is loose sand a challenging soil? 1,2,3 Name the various soil deposits found in India. 1,2,3 What do you understand from the term in-situ densification? 1,2,3 What are the various methods of in-situ densification? Analyze 1,2,3 UNIT-II 1 Discuss in detail the In-situ laboratory test for problematic soils 1,2,3

8 2 1,2,3 What are the laboratory tests to identify expansive soils? Write about swell pressure test. 3 Analyze 1,2,3 What are the merits and demerits of dynamic compaction? 1,2,3 Write in detail the principle, operation and applications of vibro-compaction method of ground improvement. How does a sand compaction pile improve the soil? Write a detailed note on its installation and functioning. Apply 1,2,3 Explain in brief about the installation and working of a vibroreplacement stone column. 1,2,3 1,2,3 What are the various stages of operation in installation and action of a lime pile? 8 Compare and contrast the various methods of in-situ densification techniques. 1,2,3 UNIT - III 1 Explain the traditional dewatering system and their choice. 2 Describe 3 Describe diagrammatic arrangement of well point system. Discuss deep well drainage system with a neat diagram. Explain the design of dewatering system in hydraulic Analyze modification of the ground Explain drainage prevention after construction of structure on a ground Explain the interceptor s drains with neat diagram. Explain vacuum dewatering wells with neat sketch. Analyze What are the various methods of dewatering? 8 What are the advantages of sumps and ditches in dewatering? 9 Explain in detail with a neat sketch the method of dewatering using sumps and ditches stating its advantages and 10 disadvantages. UNIT - IV 1 Enumerate with a neat sketch the grouting plant and equipment necessary and the procedure for carrying out grouting operations.,8,9 Describe in detail about the various methods of grouting with 2 neat sketches. Apply,8,9 Write a detailed note on (a) Portland cement stabilization (b) Bituminous stabilization Apply,8,9

9 Describe in detail how chemicals are used in stabilizing the soil with the help of an example.,8,9 Analyze Explain in detail how an expansive soil is stabilized.,8,9 Discuss the various problems related to expansive soil. Evaluate,8,9,8,9 What are the laboratory tests to identify expansive soils? Write about swell pressure test. 8 Explain about the geosynthetic erosion control.,8,9 9 What is Shotcreting and Guiting Technology,8,9 10 How thermal methods are helpful in soil stabalization,8,9 UNIT - V 1 Write the concept behind soil reinforcement. Analyze 10,11,12 2 What are the materials required for construction of a reinforced soil structure? 10,11,12 3 What are the different types of soil reinforcement materials? 10,11,12 What are the principle requirements of a reinforcing material? 10,11,12 Name any four applications of soil reinforcement for ground improvement. Apply 10,11,12 Explain the different applications of soil reinforcement for ground improvement. 10,11,12 Explain the internal failure modes that occur on the reinforced earth Apply 10,11,12 8 What are the factors governing design of reinforced earth walls Evaluate 10,11,12 9 Explain briefly on principles of reinforced earth walls. 10,11,12 10 Explain the different failure modes govering the design of reinforced earth Apply 10,11,12 Prepared By: Dr. Kavita Singh, Asst. Professor HOD, CIVIL ENGINEERING