2018 NYStretch- Second Advisory Group Meeting

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2018 NYStretch- Second Advisory Group Meeting September 28, 2017 New York City,

2 Agenda Roll call and introductions of new Working Group members Jeff Domanski (IBTS) Recap of Stretch Code progress, schedule and NYC efforts Review of Project Schedule Priscilla Richards (NYSERDA) Working Group progress review and resources Jim Edelson (NBI) New York City update John Lee (Mayor s Office of Sustainability) Review of preliminary Residential modeling results Singe Family Dwelling David Heslam (Earth Advantage) Low Rise Multifamily David Heslam (Earth Advantage) Multifamily construction in NYStretch Jim Edelson (NBI) Break (15 Min) Commercial and Multifamily Review and Update (NBI Staff) Review of preliminary Multifamily and Commercial modeling results High-rise Multifamily prototypes Bing Liu (PNNL) Commercial results Bing Liu (PNNL) Cue remaining issues for feedback and discussion All Rights Reserved 2017 New Buildings Institute

5 5 Stretch Energy Code Concept Results in more energy savings than a base energy code Mandatory or voluntary mechanisms Adopted by cities Used for public buildings Tax or other incentive programs Signals where future codes are going Can work in tandem with utility programs - regulatory, timing, and savings

6 6 What is NYStretch-Energy? Overlay code, or alternative compliance path, for local adoption (as MRLS) + More rigorous than base energy code + Results in buildings that achieve greater energy savings and reduced GHG emissions + Anticipates successor code advancements, culminating in a statewide Net Zero Energy code by 2028/30

7 ny.gov/rev4ny 7

8 Revised Timetable MILESTONE DATE Kickoff June 8, st round Technical Working Group meetings July 2017 NYStretch-Energy Advisory Committee (Meeting 2) PRESENT DRAFT ENERGY ANALYSIS September 28, nd Round of Technical Working Group Meetings October 2017 NYStretch-Energy Advisory Committee (Meeting 3) PRESENT FINAL ENERGY ANALYSIS December 2017 NYStretch-Energy draft December 2017 Legal review January 2018 Public comment February/March 2018 Toolkit updates May 2018 Final NYStretch-Energy May 2018 All Rights Reserved 2017 New Buildings Institute

9 2018 NYStretch Development Process Advisory Group guidance - Make it rigorous but straightforward and achievable; backstop for best practices in building design/engineering Residential, Commercial, and Multi-family Working Groups reviewed Strawman measures generated by project team w/ Advisory Group guidance Modeling conference call discussed study design Iterative energy modeling to predict savings and fine-tune All Rights Reserved 2017 New Buildings Institute

10 Stakeholder Input Working Groups (3 in-person meetings and webinar) Commercial, Multifamily and Residential Working Groups Reviewed current stretch code development (eg 189.1, T24 ) Reviewed NYC Resiliency Guidelines Coordinated with Zero Cites Reach Code Development Public Comment Period Legal Review All Rights Reserved 2017 New Buildings Institute

Background 2016 Residential Structure All

15 Background 2016 Residential Results 14% savings (weighted average) both electric and gas Modeled HERS index (weighted average) dropped from 7-8 points from baseline to NYStretch home Climate Zone Baseline ERI (for 2015 prescriptive approach home) NYStretch ERI (modeled; includes most NYStretch provisions) Proposed NYStretch ERI for homes <3000SF Proposed NYStretch ERI for 3000 SF+ home All Rights Reserved 2017 New Buildings Institute

16 Summary of WG Feedback 2018 IECC ERI values better reflect (as opposed to the 2015 IECC) prescriptive measures used in the baseline Performance path to use ERI + or modeling software approved by PHIUS Consider additional efficiency credits in order to give builders/designers additional choices for meeting Stretch Code Outstanding item role and type of renewables required All Rights Reserved 2017 New Buildings Institute

Multifamily Construction Projections Source: Dodge McGraw Hill Construction Data Statewide

39 New York City Multifamily Construction Distribution 73% of Construction in Manhattan and Brooklyn 2-3 stories: 2% 4-20 stories: 60% 21 stories and up: 38% Source: Dodge McGraw Hill Construction Data All Rights Reserved 2017 New Buildings Institute

Key MF Measures for NYStretch Improved Windows Thermal Bridging Limitations Improved Infiltration & Testing Fan Efficiency Efficient Ventilation

40 Key MF Measures for NYStretch Improved Windows Thermal Bridging Limitations Improved Infiltration & Testing Fan Efficiency Efficient Ventilation Lighting Efficacy Common Area Lighting Controls Efficient Exterior lighting Hot Water Conservation/Distribution HVAC System Selection Heat Pump Water Heater

42 Energy Code s only Split Building Type Residential Multifamily Commercial

43 Some NYStretch Options for Multifamily 1. Residential Stretch for Low-rise MF and Commercial Stretch for High-Rise MF (status quo) 2. Unified Chapter for all R-2 3. Scope Change: All Low-Rise R2 to Commercial Section and Commercial NYStretch A. Boulder, CO 2017 code 4. Align Stretch Multifamily Measures between CA Project, Chicago, IL Commercial and Residential Codes Faubourg Lafitte, New Orleans, LA

44 Some NYStretch Options for Multifamily 1. Residential Stretch for Low-rise MF and Commercial Stretch for High-Rise MF (status quo) 2. Unified Chapter for all R-2 3. Scope Change: All Low-Rise R2 to Commercial Section and Commercial NYStretch A. Boulder, CO - base code scope change 4. Align Stretch Multifamily Measures between CA Project, Chicago, IL Commercial and Residential Codes Faubourg Lafitte, New Orleans, LA

45 Commercial / Multifamily / Residential Commercial WG Multifamily WG Residential WG Opaque Envelope Systems = Opaque Envelope Systems > Opaque Envelope Systems Fenestration requirements = Fenestration requirements Fenestration requirements Reduced Thermal Bridging = Reduced Thermal Bridging Infiltration Testing = Infiltration Testing Building Mechanical Systems = Building Mechanical Systems Fan Efficiency = Fan Efficiency Ventilation Duct Insulation

46 Commercial / Multifamily / Residential Commercial WG Multifamily WG Residential WG Service Water Heating Systems = Service Water Heating Systems DHW Heat Recovery or Efficient Distribution Interior Lighting Efficacy NA Interior Lighting Efficacy Interior Lighting Efficacy Interior Lighting Controls Interior Lighting Controls Exterior Lighting Exterior Lighting Plug loads, Appliances and Equipment Solar Ready requirements (CE-294) Service Water Heating Systems = = = Plug loads, Appliances and Equipment Solar Ready requirements (CE-294) Service Water Heating Systems DHW Heat Recovery or Efficient Distribution

47 Commercial / Multifamily / Residential - Additional Efficiency Options Commercial WG Multifamily WG Residential WG More efficient HVAC performance Reduced lighting power density system Enhanced lighting controls On-site supply of renewable energy = = NA = More efficient HVAC performance Reduced lighting power density system On-site supply of renewable energy > More efficient HVAC performance Interior Lighting Efficacy On-site supply of renewable energy Reduced air infiltration = Reduced air infiltration >> Reduced air infiltration More Efficient Water Heating = More Efficient Water Heating More Efficient Water Heating

Background 2016 Commercial Structure All

Background - 2016 Commercial Results All

52 Summary of WG Feedback Form a separate modeling working group to focus on performance based compliance options and to develop two additional multifamily building prototypes with PNNL Altered fenestration approach and U-factors based on feedback Provided additional options to reduce solar gains (SHGC, automated blinds and electrochromic glass) Align Thermal Bridging requirements with Appendix A Conduct additional research on the implications for proposed cooling tower requirements and system level efficiency options Conduct additional research on baseline air leakage assumptions All Rights Reserved 2017 New Buildings Institute

53 Fenestration Requirements Structural vs Punch Windows Reflects product/material limitations better than a separate requirement for all Metal Windows Climate Zone Vertical Fenestration Fixed Window U-0.30 U-0.27 U-0.27 For Class AW windows rated in accordance with AAMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 U-0.36 U-0.36 U-0.34 Operable Window U-0.43 U-0.43 U-0.41 All Rights Reserved 2017 New Buildings Institute

54 Air Leakage NIST Report based on analysis of US commercial building envelope air leakage database Data shows weak trends related to year of construction, height, floor area, wall construction and building type Average leakage from 2014 analysis (387 buildings) = cfm/sf Average leakage from 2011 analysis (228 buildings) = cfm/sf Buildings designed and constructed with attention to air tightness are much tighter than typical commercial buildings All Rights Reserved 2017 New Buildings Institute

Cooling Tower Research 2012 ASHRAE Journal Article

towers Low Medium High 45 60 gpm/hp 65 75 gpm/hp 80

lines surveyed currently available will meet the

55 Cooling Tower Research 2012 ASHRAE Journal Article identifies three levels of efficiencies for cooling towers Low Medium High gpm/hp gpm/hp gpm/hp Research for T24 determined 45% of products lines surveyed currently available will meet the proposed 80 gpm/hp All Rights Reserved 2017 New Buildings Institute

57 NYStretch-Energy 2018 Preliminary Analysis BING LIU, P.E. Group Leader, Building Energy Research and Analysis Present to NYStretch-Energy Advisory Group Co-authors: Dr. Jian Zhang, Dr. Yan Chen PNNL-SA-xxxxxx September 27, 2017

58 Multifamily Buildings September 21,

59 MF Working Group Recommendations Two types of high-rise apartments representing New York Multifamily New Construction in NYC (1/16-6/17) Stories 20+ Stories # projects Avg. Area 136, ,162 Avg. # of floors Mixed Use? 68% 67% WWR 27% 45% Typical HVAC PTAC w/ boiler, VRF for amenities WSHP Source: New York City (Emily Hoffman) September 21,

60 Methods Representing New York State 4 commercial types 2 high-rise multifamily 60% floor areas 3 climate zones ( 4A, 5A and 6A) Baseline: Energy efficiency measures Input from the strawman discussion Individual EEM analysis Bundle analysis Modeling strategy and implementation Large Office Standalone Retail 10-story Apartment Large Hotel Secondary School 20-story Apartment QA results September 21,

61 Commercial Buildings September 21,

62 Proposed Measures Envelope No. Measure Description Hotel Office School Retail 1 Enhanced insulations for roofs and walls 10-story Apt 20-story Apt yes yes yes yes yes yes 2 Enhanced windows yes yes yes yes yes yes 3 Air leakage testing for large buildings yes yes yes NA yes yes September 21,

63 Proposed Measures Lighting No. Measure Description Hotel Office School Retail 10-story Apt 20-story Apt 4 Reduced LPD for interior lightings yes yes yes yes yes yes 5 Occupancy sensors and automatic lighting controls yes yes yes yes yes yes 6 Parking lot lighting control yes yes yes yes yes yes September 21,

64 Proposed Measures Mechanical No. Measure Description Hotel Office School Retail 7 Fan power limit: 0.8 W/cfm VAV and 0.65 W/cfm CAV 10-story Apt 20-story Apt yes yes yes yes yes yes 8 DX equipment efficiency NA NA yes yes yes yes 9 10 Cooling tower and boiler efficiency Hotel guestroom HVAC vacancy control yes yes yes NA NA NA yes NA NA NA NA NA 11 SWH waste heat recovery yes NA NA NA yes yes * EEM13 has some EnergyPlus simulation issue September 21,

65 Proposed Measures Others 10-story 20-story No. Measure Description Hotel Office School Retail Apt Apt 12 Plug load reduction yes yes yes NA NA NA 13 Ventilation optimization yes* yes* yes* NA NA NA 14 Thermal bridging yes NA NA NA yes yes 15 Solar heat gain control yes yes yes yes yes Yes 16 Daylighting control all daylighted area in offices NA yes NA NA NA NA * EEM13 has some EnergyPlus simulation issue September 21,

66 Preliminary Results Office EEM # Energy Design Measures Large Office 4A 5A 6A Site EUI Saving % Baseline Enhanced insulations for roofs and walls 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 2 Enhanced windows 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 3 Air leakage testing for large buildings 0.7% 0.9% 0.9% 4 Reduced LPD for interior lightings 1.7% 1.6% 1.5% 5 Occupancy sensors and automatic lighting controls 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 6 Parking lot lighting control 0.6% 0.5% 0.6% 7 Fan power limit: 0.8 W/cfm VAV and 0.65 W/cfm CAV 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 8 DX equipment efficiency NA NA NA 9 Cooling tower and boiler efficiency 0.7% 0.9% 0.9% 10 Hotel guestroom HVAC vacancy control NA NA NA 11 SWH waster heat recovery NA NA NA 12 Plug load reduction 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 13 Ventilation optimization NA NA NA 14 Thermal bridging NA NA NA 15 Solar heat gain control 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 16 Daylighting control all daylighted area in offices 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% September 21,

67 Preliminary Results Hotel EEM # Large Hotel Energy Design Measures 4A 5A 6A Site EUI Saving % Baseline Enhanced insulations for roofs and walls 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 2 Enhanced windows 0.9% 0.7% 1.2% 3 Air leakage testing for large buildings 1.1% 1.4% 1.4% 4 Reduced LPD for interior lightings 1.7% 1.2% 1.5% 5 Occupancy sensors and automatic lighting controls 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 6 Parking lot lighting control 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 7 Fan power limit: 0.8 W/cfm VAV and 0.65 W/cfm CAV 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 8 DX equipment efficiency NA NA NA 9 Cooling tower and boiler efficiency 1.6% 2.2% 2.4% 10 Hotel guestroom HVAC vacancy control 3.0% 3.9% 4.0% 11 SWH waster heat recovery 7.9% 7.9% 8.2% 12 Plug load reduction 3.7% 3.4% 3.4% 13 Ventilation optimization NA NA NA 14 Thermal bridging 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 15 Solar heat gain control -0.2% -0.3% -0.4% 16 Daylighting control all daylighted area in offices NA NA NA September 21,

68 Preliminary Results Retail EEM # Energy Design Measures Stand-alone Retail 4A 5A 6A Site EUI Saving % Baseline Enhanced insulations for roofs and walls 0.2% 0.6% 0.7% 2 Enhanced windows 0.2% 1.0% 1.0% 3 Air leakage testing for large buildings NA NA NA 4 Reduced LPD for interior lightings 11.4% 10.2% 11.1% 5 Occupancy sensors and automatic lighting controls 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 6 Parking lot lighting control 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 7 Fan power limit: 0.8 W/cfm VAV and 0.65 W/cfm CAV 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 8 DX equipment efficiency 0.7% 0.5% 0.4% 9 Cooling tower and boiler efficiency NA NA NA 10 Hotel guestroom HVAC vacancy control NA NA NA 11 SWH waster heat recovery NA NA NA 12 Plug load reduction NA NA NA 13 Ventilation optimization NA NA NA 14 Thermal bridging NA NA NA 15 Solar heat gain control 0.0% -0.1% -0.1% 16 Daylighting control all daylighted area in offices NA NA NA September 21,

69 Preliminary Results School EEM # Energy Design Measures Secondary School 4A 5A 6A Site EUI Saving % Baseline Enhanced insulations for roofs and walls 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 2 Enhanced windows 1.4% 1.5% 1.5% 3 Air leakage testing for large buildings 0.4% 0.7% 0.7% 4 Reduced LPD for interior lightings 5.0% 4.5% 4.7% 5 Occupancy sensors and automatic lighting controls 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 6 Parking lot lighting control 0.3% 0.2% 0.3% 7 Fan power limit: 0.8 W/cfm VAV and 0.65 W/cfm CAV 1.0% 0.9% 1.0% 8 DX equipment efficiency 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 9 Cooling tower and boiler efficiency 0.5% 0.8% 0.8% 10 Hotel guestroom HVAC vacancy control NA NA NA 11 SWH waster heat recovery NA NA NA 12 Plug load reduction 3.7% 3.4% 3.5% 13 Ventilation optimization NA NA NA 14 Thermal bridging NA NA NA 15 Solar heat gain control 1.4% 1.2% 1.2% 16 Daylighting control all daylighted area in offices NA NA NA September 21,

70 EEMs are bundled together to determine interactive savings EEM15 EEM12 EEM16 EEM07 EEM08 EEM02 EEM01 EEM05 EEM04 EEM10 EEM09 EEM03 EEM06 EEM11 Bundle1 Envelope Bundle2 Lighting Bundle3 Mechanical October 10,

71 EEMs are bundled together to determine interactive savings Envelope Lighting All Mech October 10,

72 Total EUI, kbtu/sfi Preliminary Results Large Hotel Large Hotel % 5.8% 12.7% 2.1% 5.0% 14.1% 2.4% 5.3% 14.6% % 21.4% 22.1% Saving Service Water Heating Miscellaneous Load Lighting HVAC Auxiliaries Cooling Heating 0.0 4A (New York) 5A (Albany) 6A (Binghamton) September 21,

73 Total EUI, kbtu/sfi Preliminary Results Secondary School Secondary School % 9.4% 1.8% 13.8% 3.2% 8.6% 1.9% 14.2% 3.1% 8.9% 1.9% 14.5% Saving Service Water Heating Miscellaneous Load Lighting HVAC Auxiliaries Cooling Heating 0.0 4A (New York) 5A (Albany) 6A (Binghamton) September 21,

74 Total EUI, kbtu/sfi Preliminary Results Stand-alone Retail Stand-alone Retail % 1.1% 1.2% 0.9% 1.4% 0.8% % 14.0% 10.8% 12.8% 11.7% 13.7% Saving Service Water Heating 30.0 Miscellaneous Load Lighting 20.0 HVAC Auxiliaries Cooling 10.0 Heating 0.0 4A (New York) 5A (Albany) 6A (Binghamton) September 21,

75 Total EUI, kbtu/sfi Preliminary Results Large Office Large Office % 3.8% 1.1% 6.7% 2.2% 3.6% 1.4% 6.9% 2.3% 3.6% 1.3% 7.0% Saving 50.0 Service Water Heating 40.0 Miscellaneous Load 30.0 Lighting HVAC Auxiliaries 20.0 Cooling 10.0 Heating 0.0 4A (New York) 5A (Albany) 6A (Binghamton) September 21,

76 Discussions (509) September 21,

77 Next Steps Develop two new high-rise apartment prototpe models Implement EEMs to apartment buildings Efficiency Package Options? Option01 More efficient HVAC performance Exceed Stretch Code performance requirements by 10% Option02 DOAS Option03 Reduced lighting power density system Exceed Stretch Code LPDs by 10% Option04 Enhanced lighting controls Luminaire level lighting control with continuous dimming functionality Option05 On-site supply of renewable energy Provide at least 6.0 kbtu/sf for single story buildings and at least 10 kbtu/sf times the gross roof area for all other buildings (ASHRAE 189.1) Option06 Enhanced envelope performance Total UA of building thermal envelope to be 15% below total UA of Stretch Code Reduced air infiltration 0.25 cfm 75/sf September 21,

78 Backup Slides September 21,

79 Constructions in New York State 4A 5A 6A Weights by Building Type Small Office 1.1% 1.4% 0.2% 2.7% Medium Office 1.6% 1.7% 0.4% 3.7% Large Office 5.5% 0.7% 0.2% 6.4% Standalone Retail 3.6% 5.2% 1.9% 10.6% Strip Mall 2.0% 1.2% 0.2% 3.3% Primary School 0.7% 0.6% 0.1% 1.4% Secondary School 3.7% 2.7% 0.8% 7.2% Outpatient Healthcare 1.5% 1.8% 0.7% 4.1% Hospital 1.3% 0.7% 0.2% 2.2% Small Hotel 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 1.9% Large Hotel 2.6% 1.8% 1.3% 5.7% Warehouse 1.8% 2.8% 0.9% 5.5% Quick-Service Restaurant 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 0.4% Full-Service Restaurant 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.4% Mid-Rise Apartment 9.8% 1.2% 0.1% 11.1% High-Rise Apartment (10 story and 20+ story) Sum of the Weights for Selected % 0.1% 0.1% 33.5% 48.7% 10.5% 4.1% 63.3% Sum of the Weights for All % 22.9% 7.7% 100.0% The selected 6 building types are highlighted in bold September 21,

80 Infiltration Literature Data Source (field data) Persily 1998 Emmerich and Persily 2014 Jones et. al Data Group The overall average airtightness Construction Year Number of Buildings NA All building Airtightness Testing in Washington State New Construction Airtightness (average), cfm/ft 2 at 75 Pa Zhivov et al New and Retrofitted U.S. Army Buildings Recent Construction or Retrofitted (after 2010) Emmerich, Steven J., and Andrew K. Persily. "Analysis of US commercial building envelope air leakage database to support sustainable building design." International Journal of Ventilation 12.4 (2014): Jones, Denali, Bailey Brown, and Tony Thompson. "Building Enclosure Airtightness Testing in Washington State-Lessons Learned about Air Barrier Systems and Large Building Testing Procedures." ASHRAE Transactions 120 (2014) Persily, Andrew K. Airtightness of commercial and institutional buildings: blowing holes in the myth of tight buildings. Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Zhivov, Alexander, et al. "Airtightness in new and retrofitted US Army buildings." International Journal of Ventilation 12.4 (2014): September 21,

81 Prototype Models September 21,

82 Prototype: Large Office Specifications Description Total Floor Area (sq feet) 498,600 (240 ft x 160 ft) Aspect Ratio 1.5 Number of Floors 12 (plus basement) Window Fraction 40% of above-grade gross walls (Window-to-Wall Ratio) Floor to floor height (feet) 13 Floor to ceiling height (feet) 9 Glazing sill height (feet) 3 ft Exterior walls construction Mass (pre-cast concrete panel): 8 in. Heavy-Weight Concrete + Wall Insulation in. gypsum board HVAC Systems Heating Source Gas boiler Cooling Source Above-grade floors served by two water-cooled centrifugal chillers and open circuit cooling tower. Basement data center and above-grade IT closets served by water-cooled DX cooling Distribution VAV terminal units with hot water reheat serving above-grade floors. Basement, including data center and above grade IT closets served CAV units Source: PNNL, Richland, WA September 21,

Prototype: Standalone Retail Specifications Description Total Floor Area (sq feet) 24,695 (178 ft x 139 ft) Aspect Ratio 1.3 Number of Floors 1 Window Fraction (Window-to-Wall Ratio) 7.

83 Prototype: Standalone Retail Specifications Description Total Floor Area (sq feet) 24,695 (178 ft x 139 ft) Aspect Ratio 1.3 Number of Floors 1 Window Fraction (Window-to-Wall Ratio) 7.1% Floor to floor height (feet) N/A Floor to ceiling height (feet) 20 Glazing sill height (feet) Exterior walls construction 5 ft Concrete Block Wall: 8 in. CMU+Wall Insulation+0.5 in. gypsum board HVAC configurations Heating Source Gas furnace Cooling Source DX Cooling No cooling for front entry Distribution Constant air volume air distribution and single zone VAV depending on capacity, one RTU per zone. Source: PNNL September 21,

84 Prototype: Secondary School Specifications Description Total Floor Area (sq feet) 210,900 (340 ft x 460 ft) Aspect Ratio 1.4 Number of Floors 2 Window Fraction (Window-to-Wall Ratio) 33% Floor to floor height (feet) 13 Floor to ceiling height (feet) 13 Glazing sill height (feet) 3.6 Exterior walls construction Insulated Steel-Framed Walls (2X4 16 in. o.c.) HVAC configurations Heating Source 1. Gas-fired boiler serving classrooms and offices 2. Gas furnace serving gym, auditorium, kitchen, and cafeteria Cooling Source Distribution 1. DX cooling 2. Chilled water - air-cooled chiller VAV terminal units with hot water reheat serving classrooms, corridors, and offices. CAV (or single zone VAV depending on capacity) distribution for gym, auditorium, kitchen, and cafeteria Source: PNNL, Richland, WA September 21,

85 Prototype: Large Hotel Specifications Description Total Floor Area (sq feet) 122,132 Aspect Ratio Ground floor: 3.8 (284 ft x 75 ft) All other floors: 5 (284 ft x 56 ft) Number of Floors Window Fraction (Window-to-Wall Ratio) 6 above-ground floors plus basement 30% Floor to floor height (feet) Floor to ceiling height (feet) Glazing sill height (feet) Exterior walls construction HVAC configurations Heating Source Cooling Source Distribution Basement: 8 ft Ground floor: 13 ft 2nd - 6th floors: 10 ft same as above 6 in. in ground floor, 3.6 ft. in upper floors Mass Wall: 8 in. CMU, wall insulation and 0.5 in. gypsum board Gas-fired boiler Air-cooled chiller VAV with hot water reheating coils for public spaces; Dedicated outside air system and four-pipe fan-coil units for guestrooms Source: PNNL, Richland, WA September 21,

86 EEM Source National City Reach Codes ASHRAE NYStretch Code Working Group NBI s New Construction Guide ASHRAE NYStretch Code Advanced Energy Design Guides September 21,