EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CONCRETE WITH CERAMIC WASTE AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE

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1 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CONCRETE WITH CERAMIC WASTE AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE Mr.C.Karthik 1 and Mr.S.Ramesh Kumar 2 1,2 Department of Civil Engineering, Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Abstract Ceramic waste is one of the most vigorous research areas that cover a number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. Ceramic waste causes environmental pollution and threatening both agriculture and public health. Therefore, utilization of the ceramic waste in construction industry would help to protect the environment. Construction industries required huge amount of natural fine aggregate for their projects. Fine aggregate is the major component of concrete which is available naturally, but excess sand excavation the environment gets badly affected. The experimental work was carried out in which waste ceramic crushed tiles is used as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in the range of 10 percent to 50 percent at an interval of 10 percent. The effective replacement level arrived based on the result obtained from compressive strength and split tensile strength. The experimental result shows that ceramic waste can effectively being used in concrete as a partial replacement of fine aggregate with the improved strength and durability. Keywords Ceramic waste, Fine aggregate replacement, Waste ceramic tiles. I. INTRODUCTION Concrete is broadly used in creation of buildings, bridges and other structures. Great demand for building materials like fine aggregate due to high cost and scarcity has made to find the alternatives with the use of waste materials, by products and recyclables. Aggregates are the important constituents in concrete. Almost three quarters of the volume of concrete is composed of aggregate. In this paper ceramic waste which is a waste product generated during the ceramic processing. These wastes are disposed in the form of landfills causes a huge amount of land pollution. So for the growing demand to protect the normal environment, especially in build up areas, the needs to use these wastes are very important. Therefore an attempt has been made to study the effect of partial replacement of fine aggregate using ceramic waste on basic properties of concrete and on their compressive strength, split tensile strength of concrete. II. LITERATURE COLLECTON Abdullah Anwar, et al replaced the Ordinary Portland Cement by ceramic waste powder accordingly in the proportion of 0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%,35%,40%,45% & 50% and fine aggregate by waste marble powder in the proportion of 0%,5%,10%, 15%,20%,25%,30%, 35%, 40%, 45% &50% by weight of M-20 grade concrete. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive strength of the conventional concrete at 28 days. The feasibility of the substitution of ceramic waste powder for cement and marble dust for fine aggregates to achieve economy and environment saving. Amitkumar D. Raval, et al replaced the Ordinary Portland Cement by ceramic waste powder accordingly in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, & 50% by weight of M-20 grade concrete. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive strength to the conventional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for 7, 14 and 28 days. As a result, the compressive strength achieved up to 30% replacing cement with ceramic waste. Dayalan. J, Beulah.M, et al studied the suitability of silica fumes, powdered ceramic tiles and crushed animal bones as partial replacement for cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate DOI: /IJMTER CMEQH 62

2 respectively in concrete work has been carried out. Experimental study has been conducted for approximately 10% of the silica fumes in replacement for cement, 20 % of the powdered ceramic waste powder in replacement for fine aggregate and 50 % of the crushed animal bones in replacement for coarse aggregate separately and in a single sample of M20 grade. The comparative study has been done between normal concrete and new concrete mix. Hemanth Kumar, et al studied of the suitability of waste crushed tiles in the concrete mix. In this experimental study, different mixes are casted, waste crushed tiles are used to partially replace the coarse aggregate by 10% and 20% and tiles powder is used to partially replace the fine aggregate by 10% and 20%. Both coarse and fine aggregates also partially replaced by these waste materials at different percentages. Total nine types of mixes of M25 grade were prepared. A brief study on workability and compressive strength for 7 and 28 days has been carried out and observed that increase in tiles powder leads to the increase in strength and workability of concrete like Ready Mix Concrete (RMC). In all nine types of mixes, maximum compressive strength is obtained for the mix having 20% of tile powder. The compressive strength is increased for all mixes and maximum compressive strength obtained for the mix having 10% of crushed tiles and 20% of tiles powder. Hitesh Kumar Mandavi, et al used the waste ceramic tiles as a partial replacement of natural sand in the range of 10 to 50 percent at an interval of 10 percent using Portland Pozzolanic Cement (PPC). The optimum replacement level was determined based on the result of compressive strength. Durability of concrete made using ceramic waste at optimum replacement level was also determined. Result shows that ceramic waste can effectively been used in concrete as partial replacement of natural sand with improved strength and durability. III. MATERIALS USED 3. 1.Cement The ordinary Portland cement of 53 grades conforming to IS: 8112 was used. Table 1. Physical properties of OPC Sl. No. Description Values 1 Specific Gravity Consistency 33 3 Initial setting time 40 minutes 4 Final setting time 520 minutes 3.2. Aggregate Aggregates are the important constituents in concrete. They give body to the concrete, reduce shrinkage and effect economy. One of the most important factors for producing workable concrete is a good gradation of aggregates. Good grading implies that a sample fraction of aggregates in required the proportion such that the sample contains minimum voids. Samples of the well graded aggregates containing minimum voids require minimum paste to fill up the voids in the aggregates. Minimum paste means less quantity of cement and less water, which are further mean increased economy, higher strength, lower shrinkage and greater durability Coarse aggregate The coarse aggregates are obtained from a local quarry is used. The fractions from 20mm to 4.75mm confirming to IS: 383 are being used as coarse aggregates Fine aggregate The river sand is used in combination as fine aggregates conforming to the requirements of IS:383. Those fractions are from 4.75mm to 150 microns are termed as fine All rights Reserved 63

3 Table 2. Physical properties of Fine aggregate and Coarse aggregate Sl. No. 1 2 Description Fineness Modulus Specific Gravity Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate Water Water is an important ingredient of concrete as it actually participates in the chemical reaction with cement since it helps to from the strength giving cement gel, the quantity and quality of water are required to be looked into very carefully. Portable water available from local sources was used for mixing and curing of specimens Ceramic Ceramic comes from the Greek word meaning pottery. Ceramic products are made from clay minerals. The manufacturing of ceramic tiles/product regular high fixing temperature of between 700 degree Celsius and 1000 degree Celsius. A ceramic is an inorganic non metallic solid made up of either metal or non metal compounds that been shaped and then hardened by heating to high temperature. In general, they are hard, corrosion- resistant and brittle Ceramic waste Ceramic wastes are generated as a waste during the process of dressing and polishing. It is estimated that 15% to 30% waste are produced of total raw material used and although a portion of this waste may be utilized on-site, such as for excavation pit refill. The disposals of these waste materials acquire large land areas and remain scattered all around, spoiling the aesthetic of the entire region. In India ceramic production is around 200 million tons per year. But 20% to 30% of the total production turned into waste material. In most of the cases, durable and other properties are modified from the actual product. Ceramic waste can be used in concrete to improve its strength and other durability factors. Table 3. Chemical constituents of ceramic waste Sl. No. Chemical Ceramic Constituent (Wt. %) Powder 1 SiO Al 2 O Fe 2 O CaO MgO P 2 O K 2 O Na 2 O TiO ZrO Others 0.12 IV. METHODOLOGY The fundamental tests are conducted on different materials like OPC 53 grade cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and ceramic waste to check their suitability for making concrete. The experimental investigation has been carried out on the test specimens of cubes, cylinders and each to study the strength properties as a result of replacing fine aggregate by various percentages namely 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% of ceramic waste. specimens are cast as per mix design and the tests are conducted after proper curing, the tests are compressive strength of cubes (150 x 150 x 150 mm All rights Reserved 64

4 split tensile strength of cylinders (150 x 300 mm ).From the studies, optimum results are found out and compared with the conventional concrete. V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Compressive strength and split tensile strength were conducted at the end of 7, 14 and 28 days. The compressive strength of the ceramic waste has been varied from 34.13Mpa to 42.20Mpa and split tensile strength varied from 3.66Mpa to 4.97Mpa for 28 days. After the comparison of properties, the ceramic waste can be used in the place of conventional aggregate. But it is observed that the strength of the concrete made using ceramic waste above 30% replacement of fine aggregate, the strength decreases. Hence, until 30% we can use ceramic waste collected during the process of dressing and polishing can be used for the development of construction industries. Table 4. Comparison of compressive strength with control specimen Specimen Average compressive strength in N/mm² 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days type FARSW FARSW FARSW FARSW FARSW FARSW Figure 1. Comparison of compressive strength with control specimen Table 5. Comparison of split tensile strength with control specimen Specimen type Average split tensile strength in N/mm² 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days FARSW FARSW FARSW FARSW FARSW FARSW Figure 2. Comparison of split tensile strength with control All rights Reserved 65

5 VI. CONCLUSION Ceramic wastes are the main problem of tile industries and from demolition buildings. The aim of this investigation was the utilization of ceramic waste collected from dressing and polishing of metal or non-metal compounds in concrete as fine aggregate. The use of ceramic waste in concrete as positive effects on the environment and obtaining lower costs. The following are the observations obtained after performing this investigation. In this experimental investigation, concrete mix M25 has been used. The concrete with ceramic waste as a partial replacement of fine aggregate are used and the results have been evaluated. The properties of ceramic waste fine aggregate concrete are not significantly different from those of conventional concrete. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete made using ceramic waste upto 30% replacement of fine aggregate, the strength increases. Utilisation of ceramic waste and its application are used for development of construction industries. REFERENCES [1] Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, S.Mohd.Ashraf Husain and Syed Aqeel Ahmad (2015) Salvage of Ceramic Waste and Marble Dust for the Refinement of Sustainable Concrete, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), Vol-6, Issue 9,pp [2] Hitest Kumar Mandavi, VikasSrivastava, V.C.Agarwal (2015) Durability of Concrete with Ceramic Waste as Fine Aggregate Replacement, International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research Vol. 3, Issue 8,pp [3] HemanthkumarCh, AnandaRamakrishnan K, SateeshBabuK, Guravaiah Partial T, Naveen N, Jain Sk (2015) Effect of Waste Ceramic Tiles in Replacement of Coarse and Fine Aggregate of Coarse and Fine Aggregate of concrete, International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 6,pp [4] Dayalan. J, Beulah. M (2014) Effect of Waste Material in Partial Replacement of Cement Fine Aggregate and Coarse Aggregate in Concrete, International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Science (IJIES), Vol-2, Issue 4. [5] AmitkumarD.Raval, Dr.Indrajit N. Patel, Prof. JayeshkumarPitroda (2013) Reuse of Ceramic Industry Waste for the Elaboration for Eco-efficient Concrete, International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Science (IJIES), Vol-2, Issue 4,pp [6] S.P.Gautam, VikasSrivastava and V.C.Agarwal (2012) Use of Glass Waste as Fine Aggregate in Concrete, J. Acad. Indus. Res.Vol.1(16),pp [7] C.Medina, M.I.Sanchez de Rojas, M.Frias (2012) Reuse of sanitary ceramic wastes as coarse aggregate in ecoefficient concretes, Cement and concrete composites, Vol-34, pp [8] IS : Specification for 53 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement ; Bureau of Indian Standards. [9] IS : Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete ; Bureau of Indian Standards. [10] IS : Indian Standard Guidelines for concrete mix design proportioning code of practice; Bureau of Indian standards. [11] IS : Plain and reinforced concrete code of practice, Bureau of Indian All rights Reserved 66