Current Developments in Pre-Applied and Post- Applied Waterproofing of Concrete. Presented by. Kobus Botma

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1 Current Developments in Pre-Applied and Post- Applied Waterproofing of Concrete Presented by Kobus Botma

2 Cost of Potable Water Potable Water Potable water is expensive Collection Storage Transportation Cleaning Extension of Life Time of Concrete Structures: Is achieved by lining them!

3 Typical Problems of Concrete Water Tanks Potable Water Contamination due to leakage Pit corrosion (reinforcement) Aggressive / soft water Carbonation of concrete Internal and / or external water pressure Rough / porous concrete surface Condensation due to lack of thermal insulation

4 Requirements for Potable Water Linings Potable Water No influence on taste / odour of potable water No influence on appearance of potable water No support of microbiological growth No release of toxic substances Approval by an accredited institute Non porous surface Easy to clean surface Durable Safe application in confined spaces Applicable on damp substrates Waterproof Easy local repairs possible

5 Potable Water Properties of Cementitious Linings Waterproof Non toxic Virtually free from organic components Low W/C ratio < 0.4; low porosity < 12 % Easy to clean Compatible to concrete Easy application (sprayable or hand application)

6 Potable Water Types of Cementitious Linings Crystalline technology penetration Thin layer rigid slurry Thin layer flexible slurry Heavy duty rigid render Combination of heavy duty render and flexible slurry

7 Crystalline WP Technology What is Crystalline Technology Waterproofing? special chemicals waterproof the concrete by blocking the capillaries of the concrete It is not a membrane type lining product but a capillary active product It becomes an integral part of the concrete Graded Quartz Sands Portland Cement Chemical Additives

8 Crystalline Waterproofing In-depth-waterproofing 1. Concrete wall exposed to water. The water has forced its way into the capillaries. Longterm effect: leaky, damaged concrete. 2. After surface of hardened concrete as been treated with crystalline wp technology product : The reaction between the free lime, moisture and the active ingredient of the slurry has set in. The active ingredient penetrates the concrete, forming insoluble crystalline complexes which block the capillaries. 3. The concrete is now watertight but still allows water vapour to pass. The crystalline complexes remain in the concrete, ready to reactivate upon any further contact with water.

9 Crystalline WP Technology Basics of Crystalline Waterproofing Crystalline technology waterproofing is a proven waterproofing technology Crystalline waterproofing technology is a technology also promoted under the term penetration technology For proper chemical action, crystalline waterproofing technology requires cementitious substrate (concrete, screed, render) Concrete surfaces treated with crystalline technology waterproofing products resist high water pressure Crystalline waterproofing technology is a rigid system

10 Crystalline WP Technology Application Brush Power float Spray

11 Cementitious Slurries and Mortars Solutions for thin and thick layer applications Rigid and flexible versions available Application can be by spray equipment or by hand Available in a variety of colours Potable water approvals from various countries

12 Cementitious Waterproof slurries Means of Application Spraying Trowelling

13 Sulphate resistant cementitious wp patching mortars Means of Application

14 Sulphate resistant cementitious wp patching mortars Means of Application

15 Cementitious Waterproofing Plug Rapid Hardening Cementitious Plug: Sets in 30 Seconds Hardens in 30 seconds

16 WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS Basement Tanking Waterproofing Below Basement Slabs Behind Basement Walls Lift Pits Boundary Restrictions

17 BASEMENT TANKING - WATERPROOFING Definition: Protection of the structure/building from Water & Moisture ingress. Design Philosophy: Assess all risks from external environment (water, gas, contaminants) Adopt waterproofing strategy capable of achieving client s required internal environment (their requirements and expectations) Early inclusion of waterproofing specialist. Selection of suitable waterproofing system. System Design: Wet, Damp or Dry Basement.

18 BASEMENT TANKING - WATERPROOFING Risk assessment: Not accessible after construction! Long term water pressures. Affects of surface water infiltration/irrigation Affects of burst water mains, sewer, climate change Soil settlement (piled foundations) Movement causing cracking in structure Wall/ floor joints Effects of drainage on existing neighbouring structures Suitability of product during installation.

19 BASEMENT TANKING - WATERPROOFING Pre-applied membranes

20 BASEMENT TANKING - WATERPROOFING Pre applied membranes

21 BASEMENT TANKING - WATERPROOFING Pre applied membranes

22 BASEMENT TANKING - WATERPROOFING Pre - and post applied membranes

23 BASEMENT TANKING - WATERPROOFING Pre applied membranes Excavation on boundary line

24 BASEMENT TANKING - WATERPROOFING Pre applied membranes

25 BASEMENT TANKING - WATERPROOFING Pre applied membranes

26 BASEMENT TANKING Post-applied membranes

27 BASEMENT TANKING Post-applied membranes Protection during backfill: Drainage membranes to relieve hydrostatic pressures Detailing at foundations

28 WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS Patios; Walkways; Balconies Screed protection on membrane

29 PATIOS, BALCONIES, WALKWAYS Protection layers and finishes

30 PATIO S; WALKWAYS; BALCONIES Cape Town Civic Centre Self-adhesive membrane 37 years later Joint detail redone New layer of similar self-adhesive applied over existing

31 PATIO S; WALKWAYS; BALCONIES Water features; showers; under tiles Polymer modified cement with membrane reinforcement

32 LANDSCAPED AREAS; FLOWER BOXES Torch-on with Preventol to stop root-growth

33 LANDSCAPED AREAS/FLOWER BOXES Torch-on membrane + drainage layers

34 TRAFFICABLE PARKING DECKS Under hot asphalt: minimum 135 degrees C Self adhesive membrane with woven polypropylene backing

35 TRAFFICABLE PARKING DECKS Self adhesive membrane under hot asphalt Minimum thickness: 50mm Minimum temperature: 135 Additional weight on slab Size of compaction equipment

36 TRAFFICABLE PARKING DECKS Self adhesive membrane under sand and pavers

37 TRAFFICABLE PARKING DECKS Century City Cape Town

38 WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS Parking Decks -Trafficable Liquid Polyurethane/Polyurea Systems

39 ROOFS CONCRETE AND FLAT DECKS Membrane; drainage/insulation board; stone chippings

40 ROOFS CONCRETE AND FLAT DECKS Roofs Concrete and Flat Decks Stone chippings: Reduces heat transfer into slab

41 WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS Roofs Concrete and Flat Decks

42 ROOFS TIMBER BOARDS Stone chippings as uv protection

43 ROOFS TIMBER BOARDS Stone chippings as uv protection

44 ROOFS: EXPOSED SURFACES Aluminium faced self adhesive membrane or Acrylic systems for flashings

45 ROOFS CONCRETE AND FLAT DECKS Torch on membranes for exposed roofs Standard torch-on membranes must be overcoated with an aluminium coating for uv protection. Regular maintenance

46 ROOFS CONCRETE AND FLAT DECKS Torch on membranes for exposed roofs Standard torch-on membranes must be overcoated with an aluminium coating for uv protection. Regular maintenance

47 ROOFS CONCRETE AND FLAT DECK Mineral chip finished membrane Requires no maintenance

48 ROOFS CONCRETE AND FLAT DECKS Mineral finished torch-on LC de Villiers Stadium, Pretoria 14 years.

49 WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS Expansion Joints and Sealants Trafficable Sealants

50 EXPANSION JOINTS Expansion Joints and Sealants Century City Self adhesive membrane Nelspruit Flexible membrane fixed with epoxy adhesive on both sides

51 EXPANSION JOINTS Expansion Joints and Sealants Failed metal strips

52 EXPANSION JOINTS Expansion Joints and Sealants Parking deck joint system: all rails bonded to concrete with Polyureide resins. Movement capability: up to 70mm. Based on bridge expansion system.

53 WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS Expansion Joints and Sealants Hydrophilic rubber strip - swells 4x in volume

54 EXPANSION JOINTS AND SEALANTS Hydrophilic rubber strips

55 POOR QUALITY LINGERS ON LONG AFTER THE CHEAP PRICE IS FORGOTTON! THANK YOU!