POWER PIPING J\$ME TO ASME B3I.I THE COMPLETE GUIDE. Charles Becht IV PRESS

Transcription

1 POWER PIPING THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO ASME B3I.I by Charles Becht IV J\$ME PRESS

2 Contents About the Author List of Figures List of Tables iii ix xi Chapter 1 Background and General Information History of B Scope of B What is Piping? Intent Responsibilities Owner Designer Manufacturer, Fabricator, and Erector Inspector How is B31.1 Developed and Maintained Code Editions and Addenda How Do I Get Answers to Questions About the Code? How can I Change the Code? 11 Chapter 2 Organization of B Boiler External Piping and Non-Boiler External Piping Code Organization Non-Mandatory Appendices 14 Chapter 3 Design Conditions and Criteria DesignConditions Design Pressure Design Temperature Allowable Stress Weld Joint Efficiency and Casting Quality Factors Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factors Allowances for Temperature and Pressure Variations Overpressure Protection 20 Chapter 4 Pressure Design Methods for Internal Pressure Design Pressure Design of Straight Pipe for Internal Pressure 24 Insert 4.1 Sample Wall Thickness Calculation 28 Insert 4.2 Basic Stress Calculations for Cylinders Under Pressure Pressure Design for Straight Pipe Under External Pressure 29

3 vi Contents 4.4 Pressure Design of Welded Branch Connections Pressure Design of Extruded Outlet Header Additional Considerations for Branch Connections Under External Pressure Branch Connections that are Assumed to be Acceptable Pressure Design of Bends and Elbows Pressure Design of Miters Pressure Design of Closures Pressure Design of Flanges Pressure Design of Blind Flanges Pressure Design of Blanks Pressure Design of Reducers Specially Designed Components 43 Chapter 5 Limitations on Components and Joints Overview Valves Flanges Fittings, Bends, Miters, and Branch Connections Bolting Welded Joints Threaded Joints Tubing Joints Miscellaneous Joints 49 Chapter 6 Design Requirements for Specific Systems Overview Boiler External Piping Other System Requirements 53 Chapter 7 Design for Sustained and Occasional Loads Primary Longitudinal Stresses 55 Insert 7.1 Span Limits for Elevated Temperature Piping Sustained Longitudinal Stress Limits of Calculated Stress from Occasional Loads 61 Chapter 8 Design Criteria for Thermal Expansion Allowable Stress for Thermal Expansion 63 Insert 8.1 What About Vibration How to Combine Different Displacement Cycle Conditions 69 Chapter 9 Flexibility Analysis Flexibility Analysis When Formal Flexibility Analysis is Required When Computer Stress Analysis is Typically Used Stress Intensification Factors 73

4 Contents vii 9.5 Flexibility Analysis Equations 76 Insert 9.1 How to Increase Piping Flexibility Cold Spring Elastic Follow-Up/Strain Concentration Effect of Elastic Modulus Variations from Temperature 82 Chapter 10 Supports and Restraints Overview of Supports Materials and Allowable Stress Design of Supports 84 Insert 10.1 Spring Design 86 Insert 10.2 Stress Classification Spring and Hanger Supports Fabrication of Supports 93 Chapter 11 Load Limits forattached Equipment Overview of Equipment Load Limits Pressure Vessels Other Equipment Load Limits Means of Reducing Loads on Equipment 96 Chapter 12 Requirements for Materials Overview of Material Requirements 12.2 Temperature Limits Material Limitations How to Use the Allowable Stress Tables in Appendix A Chapter 13 Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection Overview of Chapter V General Welding Requirements 101 Insert 13.1 Arc Welding Processes 102 Insert 13.2 Brazing Process Welding Procedure Specification Welding Procedure Qualification Record Welder Performance Qualification 13.6 Pre-heating 13.7 Heat Treatment 13.8 Governing Thickness for Heat Treatment Pipe Bends Brazing Bolted Joints Welded Joint Details Miscellaneous Assembly Requirements Chapter 14 Examination Overview of Examination Requirements 119

5 viii Contents 14.2 Required Examination Visual Examination Radiographic Examination Ultrasonic Examination Liquid-Penetrant Examination Magnetic-Particle Examination 124 Chapter 15 Pressure Testing Overview of Pressure Test Requirements Hydrostatic Testing Pneumatic Testing Mass-Spectrometer Testing Initial Service Testing Re-testing After Repair or Additions 127 Chapter 16 Non-metallic Piping Organization and Scope Design Conditions Allowable Stress Pressure Design Limitations on Components and Joints Flexibility and Support Materials Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection 133 Insert 16.1 Bonding Processes Examination and Testing 139 Chapter 17 Post-Construction 141 Appendix I Properties of Pipe and Pressure Ratings of Listed Piping Components 145 Appendix II Guidelines for Computer Flexibility Analysis 165 Appendix III Useful Information for Flexibility Analysis 169 Appendix IV A Practical Guide to Expansion Joints 204 Appendix V Conversion Factors 230 References 237 Index 243