LEARNING OBJECTIVES. Copyright 2015 National Frame Building Association.

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1 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OPTIONS FOR PFBS SESSION 1: POST-FRAME BUILDINGS- A LIGHT-COMMERCIAL MAINSTAY With so many structural framing options, building functions, and architectural finishes, post-frame building systems are limited only by the architect s imagination and creativity. Harvey Manbeck, PE PhD, professor emeritus at Penn State University and NFBA technical consultant Harvey B. Manbeck, PE, PhD Professor Emeritus of Engineering, Penn State University Consultant to the National Frame Building Association (NFBA) Photo courtesy of Kistler Buildings Photo courtesy of Wick Copyright 2011 National Frame Building Association Post-frame contributes very well to both the environment and the value for your dollar. Cheryl Ciecko, ALA AIA LEED AP CSI GGP, technical director, WoodWorks, a nonprofit initiative of the Wood Products Council Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC Photo courtesy of Fingerlakes Construction Company LEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify and/or demonstrate the : Versatility and range of applications Structural features that Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings make these systems unique Key performance characteristics Key technical resources for designing post-frame building systems WHAT IS POST FRAME? POST FRAME IS EVERYWHERE Many architects and design professionals are unfamiliar with post frame. It is not commonly included in traditional architectural school curricula. They incorrectly equate post-frame construction with post-and-beam construction They think post frame is only for agricultural buildings (i.e., barns, storage facilities, or horse facilities). Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC

2 CONVENIENCE STORES RESTAURANTS Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC Photo courtesy of Wick Building Photo courtesy of Fbi Buildings Photo courtesy of Fbi Buildings COMMERCIAL OFFICE AND VETERINARY CLINICS RELIGIOUS SPACES Photo courtesy of Wick Buildings Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings PRIVATE HOMES PUBLIC BUILDINGS Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC and SL Construction Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings

3 COMMUNITY BUILDINGS SOCIAL, EXHIBITION & RECEPTION HALLS Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC and Eastern Iowa Building, Inc. Photo courtesy of Kistler Buildings Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC and Eastern Iowa Building, Inc. Photo courtesy of Little Construction Co., Inc. RETAIL STORES POST-AND-BEAM CONSTRUCTION Pinned Connection Girder (Beam) Post Floor Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC Concrete Pier Continuous Footer or Pier Foundation POST-AND-BEAM CONSTRUCTION Post Girder (Beam) Purlin Truss-to-Post Connection THIS IS POST FRAME Clear Span Truss or Rafters Primary Frames Wood Column Embedded Pier Foundation Figure 1. Post-frame building with trusses supported by embedded pier foundation

4 Roof Purlin THIS IS POST FRAME Sheathing PRIMARY FEATURES OF POST FRAME Purlins Wall Girt Truss or Rafters Wood columns (Solidsawn or Laminated Wall girts Figure 2. Post-frame building mounted on a concrete stem wall PRIMARY FEATURES OF POST FRAME THIS IS POST FRAME PLAN VIEW Purlin Post Girder (Header) Continuous RC Foundation Wall Isolated Pier Foundation Thickened Edge of Concrete Slab Clear Span Truss or Roof Rafter 21 KEY FEATURES OF POST FRAME KEY FEATURES OF POST FRAME Girts Splashboard Truss Sidewall Column Column Foundation Purlins wood sidewall columns wide bay spacing 8 ft and greater large clear spans up to100 ft embedded wood columns or concrete piers attached wall and roof sheathing or cladding form structural shearwall/structural diaphragm system for resisting lateral loads Column Footing

5 WOOD SIDE WALL COLUMNS Solid-sawn, glued-laminated, or mechanically (nail) laminated wood Nominal 4x6, 6x6, 6x8, 8x8, or 8x10 cross section Typically spaced 4, 6, 8, 12, or 16 ft on center Any portion of the embedded wood post must be pressure preservative treated to AWPArecommended levels for ground contact Spliced glued-laminated column 3- or 4-ply, fabricated with 2x lumber lower portion is preservative treated upper portion is untreated WOOD SIDEWALL COLUMN WOOD SIDEWALL COLUMNS WOOD SIDEWALL COLUMNS Untreated Post Nail-laminated posts with treated bottom spliced to untreated top Preservativetreated splash board Concrete Pier Posts embedded in the ground, specify: Use category UC4B or better per AWPA- U1-09 e.g., pcf PRESSURE PRESERVATIVE TREATMENTS POST FOUNDATION OPTIONS: EMBEDDED TREATED COLUMNS Treated

6 PRECAST OR CAST-IN-PLACE REINFORCED CONCRETE PIER Pre-cast reinforced concrete pier with post attached above grade Entire assembly preengineered Assembly usually fabricated in factory and shipped to site as a single unit PRE-CAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PIER Cleat Reinforcement Cast-in-Place Concrete Foundation Wall CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL Untreated Post THICKENED CONCRETE SLAB EDGE Connection Hardware THICKENED CONCRETE SLAB EDGE PROTECTIVE POST FOUNDATION COVERS Blow-molded plastic or HDPE plastic protective barriers Provide moisture and insect protection Enhance protection of copperbased chemical treated wood posts or laminated columns

7 ROOF FRAMING Pre-engineered metal plate connected 2x lumber trusses typically spaced 4 8 ft on center Heavier timber trusses for larger post and truss spacings and aesthetic requirements Solid-sawn wood rafters spaced 2 4 ft on center for shorter clear spans 30 ft Glulam or structural composite lumber (SCL) rafters for larger rafter spacings or clear spans > 30 ft ROOF FRAMING Trusses Sidewall Post (connected to trusses) CONNECTIONS CONNECTION Posts are connected directly to the roof framing if post and roof framing spacing are the same Posts and roof framing are often connected to header beams if post and roof framing spacing are not the same Block Height Block Connection is usually a pinned connection (not a moment-resisting connection). CONNECTION CONNECTION

8 Typical post to truss connection details for a solid sawn post application SOLID SAWN POSTS CONNECTION Connection with truss fastened to slide of post and with bearing block 1½ Connection with truss bearing on notch in post Schematic of typical connection details Truss to header (girder) Header (girder) to roof Header (Girder) CONNECTION Metal Plate Connector Purlins oriented flat or on edge, depending on truss and purlin spacing ROOF PURLIN PLACEMENT Purlin hanger Blocking Purlins placed either on top or inset between truss top chords or inset between roof rafters ROOF FRAMING AND PURLINS WALL GIRTS Typical PF system showing preengineered roof trusses attached to columnand roof purlins attached to top of the truss chords Typically 2x4 or 2x6 solid sawn lumber, spaced in. apart Oriented flat on outside face of wall post when only lateral design loads are environmental loads Often oriented on edge between adjacent posts for additional lateral loads

9 WALL GIRTS AND SHEATHING WALL GIRTS AND SHEATHING Wall Girt Sheating SECONDARY FRAMING AND BRACING Corner bracing in upper chords of trusses Diagonal bracing for lower chords of trusses Lower chord stiffeners for trusses Cross bracing of selected compression webs Continuous longitudinal bracing of long compression webs and chords of trusses Subtle differences from those for conventional 2 ft o.c. truss applications TRUSS BRACING Guide to Good Practices for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Metal-Plate Connected Wood Trusses (WTCA and TPI) B1 and B3 summary sheets: handling and bracing trusses (truss spacing less than or equal to 24 inches on center) B10 summary sheet: Post-frame truss installation and bracing (truss spacing of 4 to 8 ft. on center) UNIQUE FEATURES OF PF The most economical PF column, roof framing, sheathing, and foundation combination: laminated wood sidewall and endwall columns embedded post or embedded concrete isolated pier foundations metal-plate connected 2x wood roof trusses and 26- to 29-gauge ribbed steel roof and wall sheathing PRIMARY POST-FRAME TECHNICAL RESOURCES This NFBA manual provides structural design procedures for post-frame building systems.

10 PRIMARY PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 484 for diaphragm design of metal-clad, post-frame rectangular buildings ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 486 for shallow post foundation design ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 559 for design requirements and bending properties for mechanically laminated columns Available at WANT MORE TECHNICAL INFO? Visit PostFrameAdvantage.com for more information about: Monthly webinars for design professionals Online University courses for design professionals - Architectural Design Options for PFBS (3 1 hour sessions) - Engineering Design of PFBS (5 1 hour sessions) * Free * CE credits available for design professionals Copyright 2011 National Frame Building Association SESSION 2: ARCHITECTURAL DIVERSITY OF POST-FRAME BUILDING SYSTEMS Cost-effectiveness Energy efficiency Code compliance Sustainability Design flexibility Durability and strength MORE ABOUT POST FRAME National Frame Building Association (NFBA) NFBA 8735 Higgins Road Suite 300 Chicago, IL 60631