Work Breakdown Matrix. Prof. Russell Kenley Swinburne University of Technology

Transcription

1 Work Breakdown Matrix Prof. Russell Kenley Swinburne University of Technology

2 Learning objectives

3 Method

4 Who am I? Professor of Management Swinburne University of Technology Visiting Professor of Construction Unitec New Zealand Director Micro Planning International Designing underlying theory for LBMS and developing applications SBEnrc Program Director 00-05

5 Introduction Issues Project decomposition is important WBS is a well developed method Its been with us now 55 years Is it time to revisit? Current methods are repetitive and hard work Project control remains a problem There is a better way Proposal Need to go back to basics Recognise the role of location Extract location from the WBS Use a Location-work breakdown matrix Redesign PM processes and software!

6 Development of WBS History Designed into the US Navy Polaris Missile project in 957 Defined and published by 96 in DoD Guide to PERT Codified into a standard in 968 in US MIL-STD-88 Adopted in DEF(AUST)5664 (995) and Rev A (004) Developed as a practitioner s tool for project decomposition What is it? A task-oriented family tree of activities which organises, defines and graphically displays the total work to be accomplished in order to achieve the final objectives of the project (PMI, from Chandrashekar et al. 993) The WBS is the cornerstone of a project and provides the basis for technical, cost and schedule control. [DEF(AUST)5664A]

7

8

9 WBS representation Tree structures Level Project Task Level Level 3 Level 4 Sub Task. Outlining Work Package.. Work Package.. Work Package..3 Work Package..4 Sub Task. Work Package.. Work Package.. Work Package..3 Work Package..4 Task Sub Task. Work Package.. Work Package.. Work Package..3 Work Package..4 Sub Task. Work Package.. Work Package.. Work Package..3 Work Package..4 Sub Task.3 Work Package.3. Work Package.3.

10 AUS(DEF)5664 Requirement Integrated A single top WBS Element covers the total body of work. Distinct Every WBS Element is a distinct Product or Enabling Service, which is mutually exclusive from other Products and Enabling Services. Children Every WBS Element has either no children, or multiple children. Descendant Every child WBS Element has only one parent and is a descendant of the top WBS Element. Necessary Every child WBS Element is needed to deliver the parent. Sufficient If all child WBS Elements are complete, their parent is complete. Complete The complete scope of work is captured in the WBS. Rules I have issue with 00% Rule (Project Scope) Every WBS Element has either no children, or multiple children.

11 Can we fix it?

12 Can we fix it? Yes we can!

13 Relationship to other decomposition structures Organisational Breakdown Structure (OBS) Bill of Materials (BOM) Resource Breakdown Structure (RBS) None of these change the demands on the WBS NASA WBS Handbook (00)

14 Multi-dimensional decomposition relationships NASA Moine s 3DWBS NASA WBS Handbook (00) Moine (0)

15 Infrastructure project decomposition Vertical Infrastructure Horizontal Infrastructure

16 Infrastructure project decomposition Distributed Infrastructure Assets Distributed Construction/Maintenance

17

18 Location-based management systems Managing by location in construction improves production

19 Location-based management systems Swinburne Location-based management systems - Current methodology - Black Box SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION 9

20 Location-based management systems Swinburne Location-based management systems - Infrastructure has a physical reality - All about location SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION 0

21 Location-based management systems Swinburne Location-based management systems - Multi-dimensional SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

22 Location-based management systems Swinburne Location-based management systems - Distributed networks SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

23 Location-based management systems Swinburne Location-based management systems - Managing what is in each location - Complexity is merely variation in needs SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION 3

24 Location-based management systems Swinburne Location-based management systems - Analog - Digital SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION 4

25 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Swinburne

26 Location effects on project decomposition BO RESI. BLDG.PROJECT BO.4 CONSTRUCTION BO.4.3 Super Structure BO.4.3. Ground Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO.4.3. First Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO Second Floor Level BO A Slab Work BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab BO Third Floor Level BO A Part BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab Location has been found to be a key breakdown component of traditional WBS (Ibrahim et al., 009) Integrating location into [traditional] WBS decomposition necessitates substantial repetition in data and processes (Stal-Le Cardinal & Marle, 006)

27 Location-Work Breakdown Matrix BO RESI. BLDG.PROJECT BO.4 CONSTRUCTION BO.4.3 Super Structure BO.4.3. Ground Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO.4.3. First Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO Second Floor Level BO A Slab Work BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab BO Third Floor Level BO A Part BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab The used coding may be mapped as follows: L.X.X.L.L3/X3.X4.T Where: L=Building coded B0 X=Construction coded 4 X= Superstructure coded 3 L=Level coded to 3 L3=Zone coded A to B X3=Element not coded, described X4=Component coded to 3 T=Activity coded to 4 The merging of L3 and X3 into a single code greatly increases confusion in interpreting this structure.

28 Location-Work Breakdown Matrix BO RESI. BLDG.PROJECT BO.4 CONSTRUCTION BO.4.3 Super Structure BO.4.3. Ground Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO.4.3. First Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO Second Floor Level BO A Slab Work BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab BO Third Floor Level BO A Part BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab The result will be a two lists: LBS: the location breakdown (the where [L]) in this case: L.L.L3 WBS: the work breakdown (the what [X] and how [T]) in this case: X.X.X3.X4.X5.T With the actual work (.T) belonging at the intersection of the two lists and thus belonging to both which is why it requires the matrix to describe all work.

29 Location effects on project decomposition BO RESI. BLDG.PROJECT BO.4 CONSTRUCTION BO.4.3 Super Structure BO.4.3. Ground Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO.4.3. First Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO Second Floor Level BO A Slab Work BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab BO Third Floor Level BO A Part BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab LBS (L.L.L3) BO RESI. BLDG.PROJECT BO. Ground Floor Level B0..A Zone A BO. First Floor Level B0..A Zone A BO.3 Second Floor Level B0.3.A Zone A B0.3.B Zone B BO.4 Third Floor Level B0.4.A Zone A B0.4.B Zone B WBS (X.X.X3.X4.X5.T) 4 CONSTRUCTION 4.3 Super Structure 4.3. Slab Work Column Column Rebar Column Form Work Column Concreting Shear Wall S Wall Rebar S Wall Form Work S Wall Concreting Slab Slab Form Work Slab Rebar Slab MEP Work Slab Concreting

30 Location-Work Breakdown Matrix

31 Location-Work Breakdown Matrix BO RESI. BLDG.PROJECT BO.4 CONSTRUCTION BO.4.3 Super Structure BO.4.3. Ground Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO.4.3. First Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO Second Floor Level BO A Slab Work BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab BO Third Floor Level BO A Part BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab

32 Location-Work Breakdown Matrix BO RESI. BLDG.PROJECT BO.4 CONSTRUCTION BO.4.3 Super Structure BO.4.3. Ground Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO.4.3. First Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO Second Floor Level BO A Slab Work BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab BO Third Floor Level BO A Part BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab Task

33 Location-Work Breakdown Matrix BO RESI. BLDG.PROJECT BO.4 CONSTRUCTION BO.4.3 Super Structure BO.4.3. Ground Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO.4.3. First Floor Level BO.4.3..A Slab Work BO.4.3..A. Column BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A. Shear Wall BO.4.3..A.. Rebar BO.4.3..A.. Form Work BO.4.3..A..3 Concreting BO.4.3..A.3 Slab BO.4.3..A.3. Form Work BO.4.3..A.3. Rebar BO.4.3..A.3.3 MEP Work BO.4.3..A.3.4 Concreting BO Second Floor Level BO A Slab Work BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab BO Third Floor Level BO A Part BO A. Column BO A. Shear Wall BO A.3 Slab BO B Part BO B. Column BO B. Shear Wall BO B.3 Slab Parade of Trades

34 Location-Work Breakdown Matrix This is actually a representation with work (T) sorted by product breakdown (PBS). The matrix makes sorted by either LBS or PBS simple.

35 Work Breakdown Matrix Should the axis actually be Product Breakdown (X) Location Breakdown (L) And should the matrix be: Work Breakdown Matrix

36 Location-based management systems Swinburne Users of location-based management systems 4.475B SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

37 Location-based management systems Swinburne Examples: Trimble (4.475B company): Vico Office SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

38 Location-based management systems Swinburne Examples: TopCon (.56B company): DynaRoad 4.475B SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

39 Empire State Building: LBMS A 0 level building, sketch designs to opening for business in 8 months; achieving (aligned) floor cycles of one floor per day; structure completed in 4.5 months. The production was run like an assembly line continuous and aligned production Emphasis on controlling the work. First, actual quantities placed in locations were monitored daily. Second, the work crews were checked to ensure they were working in the correct location three times per day.

40 Empire State Building: LBMS A 0 level building, sketch designs to opening for business in 8 months; achieving (aligned) floor cycles of one floor per day; structure completed in 4.5 months. The production was run like an assembly line continuous and aligned production Emphasis on controlling the work. First, actual quantities placed in locations were monitored daily. Second, the work crews were checked to ensure they were working in the correct location three times per day.

41 Basic Line-of-Balance 4

42 Basic Line-of-Balance 4

43 Integrating CPM/LoB The relationship between the underlying logic (CPM) and the limits of the lines-of-balance 43

44 Simple Flowline Calendar Locations Tasks

45 Location specific task bars task in flowline = 8 in Gantt view 50 tasks in LOB can be 5,000 tasks in Gantt!

46 Case studies Some issues that I have encountered while working with VDC Planning for structural cycles Planning for production efficiency Planning for problem solving Project monitoring and control Defensive scheduling Horizontal infrastructure

47 Planning for structural cycles Planning a structural cycle should not be an accident. Location plays a critical role in determining project duration and resource efficiency. Here six months removed by changing the Location Breakdown Structure

48 Planning for structural cycles Removing waiting time by using a smaller cycle area Flowline view ATTMAIRZ- MSP rationalised R esponsible person: v ersion / / 0 9:34 Planner: Section Zones Feb Jun J Splits Floors Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Mar Apr May L+5 & Rf L+4 to 5 L+3 to 4 L+ to 3 L+ to West L+0 to L- to 0 L- to - L-3 to - Piles to -3 L+5 &Rf L+4 to 5 L+3 to 4 L+ to 3 L+ to B EU South L+0 to L- to 0 PRECAST WALLS- COLUMNS- PREP FOR SET-OUT- GROUND SLAB- PRECAST SLABS- BEAMS- COLUMNS-3 GROUND SLAB-3 SLAB TOPPING BETWEEN WALLS- PRECAST WALLS-3 PREP FOR SET-OUT-3 SLAB TOPPING BETWEEN WALLS-3 PRECAST SLABS-3 BEAMS-3 0 SLAB TOPPING UNDER WALLS- 0 SLAB TOPPING UNDER WALLS-3 0 EU Contract 0 *EU L- to - L-3 to - East Piles to -3 L5& Rf L4 to 5 L3 to 4 L to 3 L to L0 to COLUMNS- PRECAST WALLS- PREP FOR SET-OUT- BEAMS- SLAB TOPPING BETWEEN WALLS- PRECAST SLABS- SLAB TOPPING UNDER WALLS- 0 0 L- to 0 GROUND SLAB- 3 Target: Actual: Forecast: Flowline view ATTMAIRZ- MSP rationalised Design mode R esponsible person: v ersion / / 0 9:34 Planner: Vico Control 009 v Section Zones Splits Floors Lev el6 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul L+5 & Rf L+4 to 5 L+3 to 4 L+ to 3 L+ to West L+0 to L- to 0 L- to - L-3 to - Piles to -3 L+5 &Rf L+4 to 5 L+3 to 4 L+ to 3 L+ to B EU South L+0 to L- to 0 L- to - L-3 to - Piles to -3 L5& Rf L4 to 5 L3 to 4 L to 3 L to East L0 to L- to Target: Actual: Forecast: Design mode Vico Control 009 v COLUMNS- PREP FOR SET-OUT- SLAB TOPPING BETWEEN WALLS- PRECAST SLABS- PRECAST WALLS- BEAMS- GROUND SLAB- SLAB TOPPING UNDER WALLS- 0 PRECAST WALLS- PREP FOR SET-OUT- COLUMNS- PRECAST SLABS- BEAMS- GROUND SLAB- 0 COLUMNS-3 PREP FOR SET-OUT-3 SLAB TOPPING BETWEEN WALLS- SLAB TOPPING BETWEEN WALLS-3 PRECAST SLABS-3 PRECAST WALLS-3 BEAMS-3 GROUND SLAB-3 SLAB TOPPING UNDER WALLS- 0 0 SLAB TOPPING UNDER WALLS EU Contract *EU

49 Planning for structural cycles Splitting a pour but running them apart why? LBMS Pty Ltd Flowline view Abu Dhabi Plaza Responsible person: version 8/ / 05 3:0 Planner: Russell Kenley Plaza Floor Pour Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep L L L0 L09 L08 L07 L06 Project L05 L04 Project start L03 L0 L0 Ent B0 B0 B03 B04 Target: Actual: Forecast: Design mode Vico Control 009 v

50 Use 4D with care If you cannot see the fit-out inside a complex model How do you visualise the complexity of resource management

51 Planning for production efficiency Flowline view / Plasterwork We don t want to be Responsible person: version / 4/ 05 5:7 Floors Rooms 0 Apr May Jun Jul Aug part of the problem 4 to 5 3 to 4 Plan for production to 3 to efficiency 0 to 9 to 0 Sep Oct Nov 88 9 Level 8 Target date Level 7 Level 6 Level 5 Level 4 Level 3 Level Level Ground Target: Actual: Forecast: History mode Vico Control 009 v

52 Planning for problem solving

53 Project monitoring and control Contractors are displaying very bad practice when controlling projects Poor logic with errors Eg. Dangles, reverse logic No baseline Revising schedule every month Not monitoring progress regularly Poor status reports No forecasting Status is based on whether ahead or behind schedule (so always on schedule!)

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64 Rapid prototyping Rapid scheduling

65 Horizontal infrastructure Alignment based BIM Real-world coordinates

66 Horizontal infrastructure

67 Horizontal infrastructure

68 Distributed Construction or Maintenance Distributed work involves location Resources can be managed across locations Management by location should be explicit Partnering with MPI to create new Location functionality for CPM

69 Questions?