Birds in Regenerating Forests. Talk outline

Transcription

1 Birds in Regenerating Forests David King Talk outline Popular misconceptions about silviculture Introducing shrubland Popular misconceptions about shrubland Shrubland bird use of regenerating forest Effects of regeneration practices on forest

2 Talk outline Popular misconceptions about silviculture Introducing shrubland Popular misconceptions about shrubland Shrubland bird use of regenerating forest Effects of regeneration practices on forest Misconception #: Silviculture negatively affects biodiversity Silvicultural practices cannot be categorically described as beneficial or detrimental to Hewlett Crawford 98 2

3 Forest systems occupied by diverse bird communities Forest regeneration causes complete turnover of bird community 3

4 Misconception #2: Silviculture causes fragmentation Silviculture in forested landscapes doesn t necessarily cause fragmentation Fragmentation - studies from Midwest & mid-atlantic 4

5 Fragmentation thresholds ~ 30% of landscape in forest? Talk outline Popular misconceptions about silviculture Introducing shrubland Popular misconceptions about shrubland Shrubland bird use of regenerating forest Effects of regeneration practices on forest 5

6 Shrubland : Habitat specialists dependant on disturbance Declining scrub-shrub Count index BRTH 5 BWWA CSWA GRCA Year Count index Year Count index Year Count index Year 25 PRWA RSTO 4 INBU 5 4 FISP Count index 20 5 Count index 5 0 Count index 3 2 Count index Year Year Year Year 6

7 At least 2 species recently extirpated from MA Endangered passerines in the lower 48 states 7

8 Endangered passerines in the lower 48 states Trends in scrub-shrub habitat in New England % forest in seedling-sapling Year Maine New Hampshire Vermont Conn Mass R.I. Schlossberg and King

9 Physiographic regions Northern Spruce- Hardwood Forest Northern New England Southern New England Schlossberg and King 2007 Forest age in Massachusetts Young Forest Large Pole & Sawtimber Forest 0.6 Biologically Mature Forest 9

10 Talk outline Popular misconceptions about silviculture Introducing shrubland Popular misconceptions about shrubland Shrubland bird use of regenerating forest Effects of regeneration practices on forest Effects of regeneration practices on invertebrates Popular misconceptions about scrubshrub Scrub-shrub were not here historically These species are secure in other regions and don t need habitat here These species are generalists and can persist in incidental habitats. 0

11 Popular misconceptions about scrubshrub Scrub-shrub were not here historically These species are secure in other regions and don t need habitat here These species are generalists and can persist in incidental habitats. Disturbance History

12 Popular misconceptions about scrubshrub Scrub-shrub were not here historically These species are secure in other regions and don t need habitat here These species are generalists and can persist in incidental habitats. Some species undergoing rangewide declines 2

13 Popular misconceptions about scrubshrub Scrub-shrub were not here historically These species are secure in other regions and don t need habitat here These species are generalists and can persist in incidental habitats. Shrubland sometimes considered habitat generalists Fink et al

14 Birds on edges not necessarily breeding X Fink et al Bird communities change rapidly with forest succession white-throated sparrow WTSP Abundance MECH BURN CC Time Since Treatment CSWA Abundance chestnut sided warbler MECH BURN CC Time Since Treatment 4

15 Talk outline Popular misconceptions about silviculture Introducing shrubland Popular misconceptions about shrubland Shrubland bird use of regenerating forest Effects of regeneration practices on forest Shrubland scarce or absent from single-tree selection 5

16 Where shrubland use partial cuts, less abundant In partial cuts, tolerance to canopy coverage low SONG SPARROW SOSP Abundance MECH BURN CC basal area of deciduous trees> 3 cm 6

17 Group-selection: Some early successional absent from smaller habitat patches Birds in clearcuts and groupcuts Costello et al Annand and Thompson 997 Kerpez 994 Rodewald and Vitz 2005 ALFL CC BWWA CC CC BAWW CC CC CC CEDW CC COYE CC CC CSWA CC FISP CC CC CC INBU CC CC CC CC MOWA CC PRWA CC CC CC Schlossberg and King

18 Does management duplicate other habitats? Habitat-specific Density Estimates Chestnut-sided Warbler Gray Catbird Field Sparrow Density Density Density CC ROW SO TP WO BP CC ROW SO TP WO BP CC ROW SO TP WO BP Alder Flycatcher Indigo Bunting Prairie Warbler Density Density Density CC ROW SO TP WO BP CC ROW SO TP WO BP CC ROW SO TP WO BP Common Yellowthroat Eastern Towhee White-throated Sparrow Density Density Density CC ROW SO TP WO BP CC ROW SO TP WO BP CC ROW SO TP WO BP 8

19 Upland shrublands (MassGIS/query of landowners/forestry database) Talk outline Popular misconceptions about silviculture Introducing shrubland Popular misconceptions about shrubland Shrubland bird use of regenerating forest Effects of regeneration practices on forest 9

20 Edge effects in adjacent forest Clearcut Groupcut Edge Int erior Smaller cuts create more edge effects 9-ha clearcut 9 -ha groupcuts 6 ha affected 40 ha affected 20

21 Additional values of shrublands Post-fledging habitat Many forest species most abundant in scrubshrub habitat during the postfledging period Forest Wildlife openings Clear-cuts BHVI BLBW BTBW BTNW HETH M YWA OVEN REVI SWTH VEER C. Chandler

22 Questions? Pollinators also benefit from disturbance Number of bees.5 GP PP SO TPP OSM AND AUG AGA HAL CER BOM COL MEG SPH API HYL 22

23 Clearcuts and wildlife openings complimentary? Count CC WO Clearcuts and wildlife openings complimentary? 23

24 Forestry and Wildlife In forested landscapes, forestry typically doesn t create fragmentation For mature forest, maintain or create old forest conditions Shrubland, which continue to decline, are habitat specialists Even-aged management most efficient for managing shrubland Mature forest may benefit from shrubland habitat No clear benefits of invasives to shrubland 24