Coastal and Marine Resources Management and Poverty Reduction in Pakistan. Muhammad Tahir Qureshi Senior Advisor Coastal Ecosystem IUCN-Pakistan

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1 Coastal and Marine Resources Management and Poverty Reduction in Pakistan Muhammad Tahir Qureshi Senior Advisor Coastal Ecosystem IUCN-Pakistan International The Union World for Conservation of Union Nature

2 Coast of Pakistan

3 Key ypoints For Coastal & Marine Areas Biologically coastal zone is one of the most productive area and important assets of Pakistan. Export of shrimps and fishes yield on an average a sum of USD 196 million per annum (FAO 2009). The growth in the coastal areas is higher (3.3 percent) as compared to the non coastal areas (2.7 percent). C & M areas with their fisheries, minerals, oil and gas are contributing towards national growth and development. Shipping line in North Arabian sea are considered to be among the busiest in the world.

4 Key ypoints For Coastal & Marine Areas 90 million tons is the world wide catches of marine fishes per annum and million tons is the catch in Pakistan About 450 spp: of fish are recorded from Arabian sea and Pakistan has over 200 spp: 25 spp: of fish are of commercial importance Over 150, people use about 36,000 tons of mangroves fire wood per month along Pakistan coast About 16,000 camels, 4,000-6,000 cows and water buffaloes and 2, , cattle grazein mangroves.

5 Distribution of Mangrove Forests along the Coast of Pakistan Mangrove Categories Year Area in Hectares Sindh Balochistan 1. Dense, normal and sparse mangroves vegetation , Dense, normal and sparse vegetation , Dense, normal and sparse vegetation , Dense, normal and sparse vegetation ,000 (appx.) Dense, normal and sparse ,000 (appx.) 8058 vegetation Source : Coastal Environmental Management Plan for Pakistan, UNESCAP, GOP, Sindh Forest Department. IUCN Pakistan

6 Pakistan Coast Today o Ecosystems and livelihoods under threat Sea intrusion due to diversion of rivers water for agriculture, hydropower generation and storage. (Tarbela, Mangla, Mirani, Shadi Khor Dams, etc.) Scarcity of fresh water for the people and ecosystems. Alarming rate of species and habitat loss (mangroves cutting, use of sand for land filling from turtle beaches) Absence of community involvement in planning and implementation of develop programme Waste disposal and pollution (5 Karachi Industrial Estates, winder, Hub & Gadani Industrial Estates.) Improper management and over exploitation.

7 Causes Of Change In Mangrove Habitat Waste disposal and pollution

8 Causes Of Change In Coastal Habitat Improper management and over exploitation TheUnion WorldforConservation International Conservation ofunion Nature

9 Causes Of Change In Coastal Habitat Phet Cyclone June, 2010 Source: Met Dept. GOP

10 Restoration and Rehabilitation Pogramme of Coastal & Marine Areas of Pakistan (1985-todate) Institutional strengthening and capacity building of the concern governmental and non-governmental organizations and local communities Rehabilitation of degraded mangrove areas Community development works Basic research on different aspects of mangrove forests and fisheries

11 Mangrove Rehabilitation Programmes in Indus River Delta & Balochistan Coast Replanting : 34,000 hectares Organizations ations involved- IUCN-Pakistan, Sindh & Balochistan Forest Department, Shirkat Gah, WWF International Society for Mangrove Ecosystem (ISME), Coastal Communities Gwader Development Authority (GDA) Coastal Development Authority, (CDA) Bedded Nursery

12 Protective Mangroves Plantation For Sand Dune Stabilization, in Gwadar, Balochistan

13 Protective Plantation Carbon Sink, First Defence Line Against All Natural Disasters

14 Coastal Community Development Works Mangrove Walkway y p g in Mangrove g Honeybee keeping TheUnion World International forconservation Conservation ofunion Nature

15 Recommendations Minimum environmental flows should be released down the small and large dams for ecosystem and livelihood of local population. The pollution should be treated at source before discharging into the sea. Deep sea fishing policy should be developed in consultation with coastal community. Government should sanction long term mangrove forests and fisheries rehabilitation project along the coast of Pakistan. Coastal communities should be involved in coastal resource management at all levels. Communities should be provided alternatives for reducing their dependence on mangrove ecosystems. Institutional structure should be evolved or strengthening for the enforcement of legislation in area classified or important mangrove reserve Research should be directed towards providing managers and policy makers with essential information on the structure and function of the mangroves ecosystem

16 Thanks