Tools to inform delivery of net gain in Natural Capital. Cranfield University, 30 October 2017 Alison Smith

Transcription

1 Tools to inform delivery of net gain in Natural Capital Cranfield University, 30 October 2017 Alison Smith

2 Natural capital Pollination, pest predators Provisioning services Food: crops, livestock, fish Timber Biofuels Fresh water supply Wildlife habitat Intrinsic & cultural value Natural capital Soil, water, plants, animals Cultural services Landscape, local identity Recreation, education Regulating services Water quality Flood control Erosion control Air quality Carbon storage Local climate Noise regulation

3 Delivering net gain Scoring Measuring impact Identifying improvements Making the business case Mapping and modelling Modelled impacts Opportunity maps Valuing Valuing

4 Scores Recreation Aesthetic Spiritual Intellectual Sense of Place Wildness HABITAT Broad-leaved semi-natural woodland Broad-leaved plantation Coniferous plantation Dense/continuous scrub Unimproved acidic grassland Unimproved neutral grassland Unimproved calcareous grassland Improved grassland Marsh/marshy grassland Tall ruderal Dry heath/acid grassland mosaic Standing water Arable Amenity grassland Bare ground Urban - hard surfaces Pollination Pest Control Habitat Global Climate Air Quality Flood Protection Water Quality Soil Erosion Local Climate Noise Crops Urban Food Livestock Water Supply

5 ES Score Habitat for wildlife

6 ES Score Food production (max)

7 Assessing net impact Habitat map Matrix of scores BD ES1 ES2 Hab Hab ES1 Assess quality, condition, location, time lag Adjust scores for quality, condition, location, time lag Total scores for each ES Metrics BD ES1 ES2 Before After After 2 Σ(Score x area)

8 Tools Scoring Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) Natural England Eco-metric (in development) Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype)

9 Natural Capital Standard for GI (Prototype) Score Bonus Stand of 10+ trees / woodland retained HBV 1 yes Retained native hedgerow ( 3 native species) 1 yes Retained native hedgerow ( 2 species) 0.8 yes Stand of 10+ trees / woodland retained LBV 0.8 Retained species rich meadow 0.8 yes Retained non-native hedgerow 0.8 Retained native tree 0.8 yes SuDS HBV 0.8 Yes Community growing area/allotment 0.8 Rain garden HBV 0.8 Yes Retained non-native tree 0.8 Shrub bed HBV 0.8 yes Stand of 10+ trees / woodland planted HBV 0.8 yes Green roof HBV 0.8 yes Established wildflower meadow 0.8 yes Vertical greening HBV 0.6 Score Bonus Stand of 10+ trees / woodland planted LBV 0.6 Water feature (e.g. pond), HBV 0.6 Yes Amenity grassland with bulbs / naturalised grassland 0.6 Shrub bed LBV 0.4 SuDS LBV 0.4 Amenity grassland 0.4 Green roof LBV 0.4 Rain garden LBV 0.4 Planted native tree 0.4 Planted native hedgerow ( 3 native species) 0.4 Planted native hedgerow ( 2 species) 0.3 Vertical greening LBV 0.3 Planted non-native hedgerow 0.3 Planted non-native tree 0.3 Naturalised play area 0.3 Permeable paving/gravel/ with green element 0.2 Herbaceous flower bed border 0.2 Permeable paving / gravel / partially porous surface 0.2 Water feature LBV 0.2 Sealed areas e.g. tarmac, concrete 0

10 Burkhard et al 2012 Other scoring systems

11 Kopperoinen et al 2013 (GREENFRAME)

12 Tools Scoring Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) Natural England Eco-metric (in development) Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype) Modelling

13 Modelling Tools Combine datasets using rules (EcoServ-GIS, SENCE) e.g. Air quality benefits depend on: Vegetation type leaf area index pollution deposition rate Distance from roads pollution levels Population living within (say) 100m of road e.g. Flood control depends on: Vegetation (forest best) Slope Soil type (saturation, compaction) Population in downstream flood zone Rainfall

14 Modelling Tools Datasets & rules (EcoServ-GIS, SENCE) Flow modelling (InVEST, Viridian, LUCI, NaturETrade, Co$ting Nature)

15 Tools Scoring Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) Natural England Eco-metric (in development) Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype) Modelling Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade

16 Eco-Serv-GIS model Run by Natural Capital Solutions Mapping: hotspots

17 Mapping: opportunities

18 Tools Scoring Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) Natural England Eco-metric (in development) Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype) Modelling Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade Valuing Spreadsheets: GI-Val, BEST SuDS Tool

19 Valuing: BEST SuDS Tools Type of Trees Number of trees planted Start Year of the evaluation period Finish Year of the evaluation period Total Carbon Sequestered (tonnes) Present Value of Carbon Deciduous - Small Deciduous - Medium Deciduous - Large Conifer - Large

20 Tools Scoring Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) Natural England Eco-metric (in development) Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype) Modelling Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade Valuing DIY Spreadsheets: GI-Val, BEST SuDS Tool Specialist: itree-eco (trees); Orval (recreation) Consultancy evaluation (often use benefit transfer)

21 Summary Scoring Easy to compare across services to determine net gain Need to ensure scores are grounded in evidence Modelling Potentially more accurate; take account of local context (e.g. slope, soil type); can identify hotspots to protect and opportunities to enhance natural capital More complex to use; do not calculate net gain directly Valuing Could be used to assess net gain or make the business case for investment Monetary valuation not always possible; need good sitespecific data.

22 Tool status Scoring Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) Natural England Eco-metric (in development) Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype) Modelling Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade Valuing DIY Spreadsheets: GI-Val, BEST SuDS Tool Specialist: itree-eco (trees); Orval (recreation) Models: InVEST, ARIES Consultancy evaluation (often use benefit transfer)

23 Delivering net gain Scoring NCPT Measuring impact Identifying improvements Making the business case Mapping and modelling SENCE Valuing Valuing GI-Val, Consultancy

24 Challenges Simplicity vs scientific robustness Lack of evidence on ES scores Impact of habitat condition on ES supply Trade-offs between different ES Cultural ES such as aesthetic value hard to measure Others..? Please add your thoughts and feedback to the wall! Thank you

25 Web Maps: NaturETrade (in development) Click anywhere on map to see property boundaries (from Land Registry) Instant report: Carbon stored in vegetation (t) Runoff avoided (t/ha/hr max) Soil erosion avoided (t/ha/y) Pollination index Recreation (estimated visitors/y)

26 Natural England (NERR056) Scoring: simple, but is it robust? National Ecosystem Assessment