Florida Native Landscaping 3815/5815C. Jeff Norcini

Transcription

1 Florida Native Landscaping 3815/5815C Jeff Norcini

2 Establishment and Management of Meadow Plantings

3 Establishment / Management Meadows Applicable to greenways, roadsides Mini- meadows

4 Native Wildflower Meadow Why? Aesthe<cs Ecological benefits Preference for na<ve species Reduce management costs

5 Weed interference is usually the cause of wildflower stand failure in Florida

6 Use Practices That: è Favor na<ve wildflowers è Minimize weed interference

7 Mother Nature is Obsessed with Coloniza<on

8 Disturbed Sites, Bare Soil

9 Disturbed Sites, Bare Soil

10 Establishment / Management g Favors wildflowers g Minimizes weed interference Site selec<on Species, seed origin Site prepara<on Sowing prac<ces Management prac<ces

11 Site Selection Select site where weed comp. unlikely* Sparse to moderate bahiagrass Sparse undesirable broadleaves * seed bank

12 Seed Bank ASer bahiagrass compe<<on reduced, note increase in seedlings from seed bank Anne Frances PhD Diss. Univ. of Florida

13 Site Selection Avoid sites (or por<ons of sites) where: Wildflowers will be outcompeted Reducing compe<<on is too costly Exis<ng vegeta<on: Category I invasive spp. / noxious spp. Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus Rubus spp.; Smilax spp.

14 Determine Species Soil type Soil moisture Ecoregion

15 Determine Amount of Seed Needed Seeding rate should be based on pure live seeds (PLS) Rarely prac<ced however Sowing rate usually bulk seed Bulk = viable seed + nonviable seed + weed seed + leaves, etc.

16 Determine Amount of Seed Needed 50 lb bag; 90% pure by wt; 60% viable seed; PLS in bag = 27 lb PLS sowing rate = 6 lb/acre 6 lb PLS x 50 lb bulk 27 lb viable = 11.1 lb bulk seed To sow 6 lb PLS, need 11.1 bulk seed

17 Bulk Seed Rate Can increase cost of seed (regionally- adapted, pre- variety germplasm is expensive) Example bulk rate spec. is 10 lb/a PLS: Lot A 60%; Lot B 90% Amount of PLS sown May be excessive Lot A 6 lb/a; Lot B 9 lb/a

18 Coreopsis lanceolata Increasing PLS sowing rate increases number of seedlings/m 2 but.. Frances et al Restora<on Ecology 18:

19 Coreopsis lanceolata.no benefit in terms of biomass when increasing rate from 600 to 1100 seed/m 2 Frances et al Restora<on Ecology 18:

20 Optimal Seeding Rate Coreopsis lanceolata No. of seedlings Seedling biomass Frances et al Restora<on Ecology 18:

21 Optimal Seeding Rate Microsites Coreopsis lanceolata

22 Purchase Seed Wildflower Seed and Plant Growers Assoc. ( Florida Wildflower Growers Co- op ) FloridaWildflowers.com

23 Purchasing Seed Purchase by scien<fic name Inquire about germplasm origin

24 Important Seed Issues Germplasm origin Gene<c diversity These issues are discussed in detail in germplasm origin PowerPoint lecture.

25 Determine Sowing Date Opinions vary widely; consensus is: N Fla. Mid. Sep. to late Oct. (mid Nov.) NC Fla. Mid- Oct. to mid- Dec. C Fla. Mid- Oct. to Dec. (early Jan.) S Fla. Nov. to Mid. Jan. Spring generally not recommended (*Early bener than later; rain, soil temp.)

26 Seeding Date Demo Seed sown 1 st week of each month from July- Dec Site prep: glyphosate 2X; mow

27 Coreopsis basalis *Good wildflower display *Best wildflower display Sowing date

28 Seeding Date Demo Sowing date C. basalis Ave. no. plants per square foot March 24, 2003 C. basalis C. leaven. C. leaven. G. pulch. P. drum. R. hirta JUL 4 12* 4 5* 8* 4* 1 AUG 2* 7** 4* 7** 4** 3** 6* SEP 16** 21* 10** 10* 1* 7 27** OCT 5* 20* 1 8 5* 4 17 NOV DEC Apr. 30, 2003 ra<ng of wildflower stand appearance: *Good to excellent; **Best

29 Seeding Date Demo Sowing date C. basalis Ave. no. plants per square foot March 24, 2003 C. basalis C. leaven. C. leaven. G. pulch. P. drum. R. hirta JUL 4 12* 4 5* 8* 4* 1 AUG 2* 7** 4* 7** 4** 3** 6* SEP 16** 21* 10** 10* 1* 7 27** OCT 5* 20* 1 8 5* 4 17 NOV DEC Apr. 30, 2003 ra<ng of wildflower stand appearance: *Good to excellent; **Best

30 No <ll methods Nonselec<ve herbicides Bare soil Site Preparation Minimize thatch/ clippings

31 Site Preparation 1 month before seeding apply glyphosate 2X, 2 weeks apart Do not use glyphosate products that provide preemergent, residual, or extended weed control

32 Glyphosate Products Prepare herbicide solu<on the day of spraying, not the night before Apply to nonstressed vegeta<on Apply early in morning aser dew has dried More is not bener

33 Site Preparation Soil- to- seed contact is cri<cal 1 day before seeding mow to leave stubble of 1 inch Eliminate thatch, clippings, but minimize soil disturbance

34 Site Preparation

35 Site Preparation

36 Site Preparation Soil- to- seed contact is cri<cal Ensure seed bed is firm, but not overly compact May need turf roller on sandy soils

37 Sowing Seed 1/8 inch deep

38 Sowing Seed If seeding manually, ensure soil- to- seed contact

39 Seeding and Imazapic Where allowed, consider applying imazapic the day of seeding Imazapic marketed as: Plateau, Impose, Panoramic Do not exceed 4 oz rate Increase seeding rate 10-20%

40 Establishment Phase Mow in winter to control winter weeds Use grass herbicides if needed (and if no na<ve grasses in seed mix) Fluazifop, sethoxydim Nonionic surfactant Do not fer<lize Nutrients facilitate weed growth Na<ves more compe<<ve under low fer<lity

41 Minimizing Weed Interference Postemergent Grass Control Grass herbicides Do not use products that provide preemergent, residual, or extended weed control Follow same applica<on guidelines as men<oned before for glyphosate Do not use if na<ve grasses present Use nonionic surfactant

42 Minimizing Weed Interference Postemergent Grass Control con6nued Grass herb. for wildflower plan<ngs Grass herbicides w/open- ended labels Allows use on unlisted ornamental species but only at sites listed on label Must test on small por<on first Applicator assumes all risk

43 Minimizing Weed Interference Postemergent Grass Control con6nued Grass herbicides registered in Florida FDACS hnp:// hnp://state.ceris.purdue.edu/doc/fl/ statefl.html

44 Optimal Establishment Protocol Select suitable site Apply glyphosate 2 applica<ons, 2 weeks apart 1 st applica<on ~4 weeks before seed Mow to leave 1 stubble Ensure bare soil

45 Optimal Establishment Protocol Sow within 1 day of mowing Use Florida- adapted germplasm Sowing depth Seed drill 1/8 to 1/4 Rotary spread roll seed in Sept. to Dec. depending on region

46 Long-Term Management Mow at least 1X per year but no more then 3X should be necessary 6 to 8 high Last mowing aser Thanksgiving Build up wildflowers in seed bank - <me mowing to seed matura<on Use grass herbicides only as needed (but not if na<ve grasses in mix)

47 Seed Bank Sustainability Build up of wildflower seed in soil seed bank; important for developing a sustainable popula<on Anne Frances PhD Diss. Univ. of Florida

48 Evidence Supporting Protocol

49 Anne Frances PhD Diss. Univ. of Florida

50 Anne Frances PhD Diss. Univ. of Florida

51 Anne Frances PhD Diss. Univ. of Florida

52 Glyphosate Protocol Seeded: October 2005; Image: April 11, 2007 Glyphosate/mow Mow only

53 Glyphosate Protocol Glyphosate/mow Mow only

54 Alternative Establishment #1 Situa<on: Using glyphosate not possible or warranted AND Bahiagrass/other weeds are sparse Mow bahiagrass low (w/flail mower if necessary) Sow seed with seed drill Gaillardia, Phlox, some Coreopsis

55 Alternative Establishment #2 Select a site with an exis<ng popula<on of na<ve wildflowers and/or grasses Manage for the na<ve species Enhance by seeding Time mowing to seed matura<on Once to twice per year; may be 3X Avoid sites with aggressive nonna<ves or, adjacent Cat. I invasive species

56 Alternative Establishment #2 Select a site with exis<ng popula<on of na<ve wildflowers and/or grasses

57 Alternative Establishment #2 Site managed to facilitate preserva<on and expansion of Flaveria linearis.(mowers excluded) Anne Frances PhD Diss. Univ. of Florida

58 Disclaimer The use of trade names in this document is solely for the purpose of providing specific informa<on. OecoHort, LLC does not guarantee or warranty the products named, and references to them in this document do not signify OecoHort s approval to the exclusion of other products of suitable composi<on. Read and follow all label direc?ons

59 Image Credits Dick Bush Anne Frances Jeff Norcini

60 FlaWildflowers.org Na?ve Wildflower Library hnp:// flawildflowers.org/library.php Founda?on Na?ve Flower Research hnp://flawildflowers.org/research.php