Strategies for Protection and Management of. Floodplain Wetlands and. Other Riparian Ecosystems

Transcription

1 General Technical Report WO-12 Strategies for Protection and Management of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems Proceedings of the Symposium December 11-13, 1978 Callaway Gardens, Georgia Technical Coordinators: Senior Research Scientist National Park Service, USDI J. Frank McCormick Senior Ecologist Fish and Wildlife Service, USDI and Director of Ecology Programs University of Tennessee U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Washington, D.C. rit"!! RN 8405(12) For sale by the Superintendent of DoeamenU, U.8. Government Prtnttac Office, Wuhinfton, D.C

2 Contents Foreword i Characteristics of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems 1 Opening Address: Ecological Importance of the Riparian Zone 2 Eugene P. Odum Keynote Address: A Systems Approach to Management Strategies 5 Robert L. Herbst Science and the Conservation of Riparian Systems 13 John R. Clark Structure and Function of Riparian Wetlands 17 Sandra Brown, Mark M. Brinson, and Ariel E. Lugo Characteristics of Southeastern River Systems 32 Charles H. Wharton and Mark M. Brinson The Lower Colorado River: A Western System 41 Riparian Ecosystems: Conservation of Their Unique Characteristics 56 Katherine Carter Ewel Interactions Between a Riparian Swamp and a River in Southern Illinois 63 William J. Mitsah The Influence of Bird Rookeries on Nutrient Cycling and Organic Matter Production in the Shark River, Florida Everglades 73 Thomas M. Burton, Robert C. Harriss, Martha Tripp, and Douglas Taylor Beaver Pond Ecosystems and Their Relationships to Multi-Use Natural Resource Management 80 Jay D. Hair, Gary T. Hepp, Lawrenae M. Luakett, Kerry P. Reese, and David K. Woodward Leaf Litter Processing in Floodplain and Stream Communities 93 Richard W. Merritt and Daniel L. Lawson The Relation of Flood Timing and Duration to Variation in Bottomland Hardwood Forest Community Structure 106 Robert Terry Huffman Relating Human Activities and Biological Resources in Riparian Habitats of Western Texas 107 David J. Sahmidly and Robert B. Ditton Evaluating the Effects of Habitat Alteration on Birds and Small Mammals Occupying Riparian Communities 117 Louis B. Best, Dean F. Stauffer, and Anthony R. Geier Riparian Habitat in Channelization Projects 125 James D. MaCall and Robin F. Knox The Effects of Channelization on Riparian Vegetation and Wildlife in South Central Oklahoma 129 John S. Barclay iii

3 Floral and Attendant Faunal Changes on the Lower Rio Grande Between Fort Quitman and Presidio, Texas 139 Ronald W. Engel-Wilson and Robert V. Ohmart Values of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems 148 Who Loves a Swamp? 149 Roderick Nash Values of Riparian Habitats to Natural Ecosystems 157 Laurence R. Jahn Valuation of Riparian Habitats 161 William King, Michael Hay, and John Charbonneau Threatened and Endangered Wildlife: Recreational and Aesthetic Values 166 Howard Brown A Research Design for Understanding and Managing Complex Environmental Resource Systems 169 W. R. Boynton, W. M. Kemp, and J. C. Stevenson Planning for Riparian Vegetation Management on the Sacramento River, California 178 James W. Burns Riparian Woodlands in Jeopardy on Northern High Plains 184 Charles E. Boldt, Daniel W. Uresk, and Kieth E. Severson Tree Plantings - A Diversified Management Tool for Reservoir Shorelines 190 A. Leon Bates, Eugene Pickard, and W. Michael Dennis Repairing Flood-Damaged Streams in the Pacific Northwest 195 Ivan L. Lines, Jr., Jack R. Carlson, and Robert A. Corthell Possible Strategies for Preservation of the San Pedro River Riparian Community 201 Randy McNatt Protecting Riparian Ecosystems from Competing Urban Pressures The Swan Creek Experience 207 Richard H. Ginn and James H. Burbarik Public Involvement in Riparian Habitat Protection - A California Case History 216 Anne Sands Value of Riparian Vegetation to Avian Populations Along the Sacramento River System 228 Merlin Hehnke and Charles P. Stone Forest Management of Floodplain Sites in the Northeastern United States 236 L. A. Morris, A. V. Mollitor, K. J. Johnson, and A. L. Leaf Arizona State Park's Natural Area Program 243 Patricia M. Bergthold Responses of Riparian Species to Agricultural Habitat Conversions 248 Kathleen H. Conine, Bertin W. Anderson, Robert D. Ohmart, and Jeff F. Drake iv

4 Grazing and the Riparian Zone: Impact and Management Perspectives 263 Robert J. Behnke and Robert F. Raleigh Identification and Delineation of Riparian Wetlands: Problems and Proposed Solutions 268 Robert T. Huffman, Gary E. Tucker, and James S. Wilson Southwestern Wetlands - Their Classification and Characteristics 269 David E. Brown Management of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems 283 Interaction of Water Management and Riparian Ecosystems: Attitudes, Practices, and Effects 284 Al R. Jones, F. Phillip Sharpe, Paul Strauss, and Wayne 0. Deason Effects of Wetlands on Water Quality 289 Harold V. Kibby Multipurpose Development Programs in Riparian Ecosystems: The TVA Experience 299 Charles J. Chance Opportunities for Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Riparian Habitats: Eastern United States 304 John Cairns, Jr., Jay R. Stauffer, Jr., and Charles H. Hocutt Revegetating the Riparian Floodplain for Wildlife 318 Bertin W. Anderson, Robert D. Ohmart, and John Disano Regulating Critical Riparian Lands: A Challenge in Intergovernmental Cooperation 332 Jon A. Kusler Position Paper: Environmental Protection Agency Programs Relating to Riparian Ecosystems 336 David G. Davis Position Paper: A Riparian Policy for Changing Times 341 John R. McGuire Position Paper: Protection and Management of Riparian Ecosystems: Activities and Views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 344 Allan Hirsah and Charles A. Segelquist Position Paper: Soil Conservation Service and Riparian Ecosystems: A Long-Term View 353 Victor H. Barry, Jr. Position Paper: The Position of the Bureau of Land Management on the Protection and Management of Riparian Ecosystems 359 J. David Almand and William B. Krohn Summary: A Summary of the National Riparian Symposium: A Proposal for a National Riparian Program 362 J. Frank McCovmiak Poster Session 364 The Warm Springs Riparian Dilemma 365 Richard L. Bailey

5 Coastal Georgia as a Part of the National Wetland Inventory 370 Frederick P. Pariani and John R. Bozeman Avian Population Responses to Salt Cedar Along the Lower Colorado River 371 Dan R. Cohan, Bertin W. Anderson, and Robert D. Ohmart Effects of Power Line Corridor Clearance and Maintenance on Stream Habitat 382 Clifford G. Day and Kenneth L. Carvell Managing Wildlife Compensation Efforts on the Lower Snake River Project 386 CPT Donald R. Holzwarth Improving Channel Efficiency Without Sacrificing Fish and Wildlife Habitat: The Case for Stream Restoration 394 Nelson R. Nunnally County Drainage Ditches in South Central Minnesota: A Unique Riparian Ecosystem 400 Henry W. Quade vi