White Clawed crayfish conservation in Lombardy Italy

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1 Dipartimento di Biologia Animale Università degli Studi di Pavia White Clawed crayfish conservation in Lombardy Italy PAGE

2 Distribution of White Clawed crayfish from Atlas of Crayfish in Europe, 2006 PAGE 2

3 (adapted from: Mancini,986 and Regione Lombardia, 987) PAGE 3

4 as a species complex formed of 2 genetically distinct species: A. pallipes Italian species (Latin names is still under discussion) PAGE 4

5 Austropotamobius pallipes species complex (based on Grandjean et al. 2002) PAGE 5

6 the situation becomes even more complex! carsicus carinthiacus italicus meridionalis (based on Fratini et al. 2005) PAGE 6

7 Austropotamobius pallipes / italicus Orconectes limosus Procambarus clarkii (based on Fea et al. 2006) PAGE 7

Red Data Book - IUCN Rare since 983 Vulnerable since

requires the designation of special areas of

wild and exploitation may be subject to management

8 Red Data Book - IUCN Rare since 983 Vulnerable since 996 species of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation (Annex II) species whose talking in the wild and exploitation may be subject to management measures (Annex V) Italian decrees DPR 357/97 e DPR 20/03 PAGE 8

9 Italian regional laws Regions Year Name Laws ABRUZZO 993 A. pallipes BASILICATA none CALABRIA none CAMPANIA bill EMILIA-ROMAGNA FRIULI-VENEZIA GIULIA LAZIO LIGURIA LOMBARDIA MARCHE MOLISE PIEMONTE PUGLIA TOSCANA TRENTINO ALTO ADIGE UMBRIA VALLE D'AOSTA and A. pallipes A. astacus A. pallipes italicus A. pallipes A. pallipes AND A. italicus freshwater crayfish A. pallipes italicus A. pallipes; A. astacus not named A. pallipes A. astacus A. pallipes A. astacus 2 VENETO 2009 A. pallipes italicus PAGE 9

10 Italian regional laws regions protection level Area (Km 2 ) % 3 as in EU Habitat Directive 53,6 2 species A. pallipes and A. italicus and habitat 23,9 0 5 only species A. pallipes 63, species A. astacus!!! 24,7 0 6 inadequate laws 86, 34 PAGE 0

200 2004 LIFE00 NAT/IT/00759 Conservation of

Lombardy Dipartimento di Biologia Animale

patologia Generale Veterinaria Università degli

11 LIFE00 NAT/IT/00759 Conservation of Austropotamobius pallipes in two SCIs of Lombardy Dipartimento di Biologia Animale Università degli Studi di Pavia Istituto di patologia Generale Veterinaria Università degli Studi di Milano Parco della Valle del Lambro Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale Università dell Insubria Parco Lombardo della Valle del Ticino PAGE

200 2004 LIFE00 NAT/IT/00759 pollution of the watercourses uncontrolled abstraction of

create stable populations of white clawed crayfish reintroduce breeding stock to the

12 LIFE00 NAT/IT/00759 pollution of the watercourses uncontrolled abstraction of water competition with fish fauna competition with non-indigenous crayfish pathogens create stable populations of white clawed crayfish reintroduce breeding stock to the Pegorino and Ticino rivers improve the environmental conditions of these watercourses PAGE 2

200 2004 LIFE00 NAT/IT/00759 eliminate the uncontrolled

monitoring crayfish for presence, genetic and pathogens

the watercourses 3,006 individuals collected from nature were

population a population of crayfish was also introduced in a

13 LIFE00 NAT/IT/00759 eliminate the uncontrolled abstraction of water for irrigation set up a crustacean farm monitoring crayfish for presence, genetic and pathogens monitoring quality of the waters reintroduction of crayfish in the watercourses 3,006 individuals collected from nature were released in the two SCIs naturalisation of the reintroduced population a population of crayfish was also introduced in a pool of the Ticino Park, and it has been farmed in semi natural condition PAGE 3

14 LIFE03 NAT/IT/00047 Biocenosis restoration in Valvestino Corno della Marogna 2 Comunità Montana Parco Alto Garda Bresciano Restocking of Austropotamobius pallipes Dipartimento di Biologia Animale Università degli Studi di Pavia PAGE 4

2004 2007 LIFE03 NAT/IT/00047 fragile equilibrium of predators simplification and contraction of grassland habitat simplification of

the establishing of predators at the top of the food chain reduce the contraction of grassland habitat reduce the simplification of

15 LIFE03 NAT/IT/00047 fragile equilibrium of predators simplification and contraction of grassland habitat simplification of woodland habitat drying of watering pools decline of Saxifraga tombeanensis sites local extinction of Austropotamobius pallipes favour the establishing of predators at the top of the food chain reduce the contraction of grassland habitat reduce the simplification of woodland habitat prevent small aquatic environment from silting up favour S. tombeanensis conservation favour A. pallipes conservation PAGE 5

16 LIFE03 NAT/IT/00047 fauna monitoring network; fauna observatory managing herbaceous habitat; scything to cut back vegetation growth mowing, controlled grazing and selected felling restoring abandoned watering pools and maintaining removal of tree coverage in S. tombeanesis sites; database restocking programme of A. pallipes, after assessing the existing populations PAGE 6

2004 2007 LIFE03 NAT/IT/00047 set up of a

were constructed and 25 existing pools were

tombeanensis in 4 sites and a database was

17 LIFE03 NAT/IT/00047 set up of a fauna observatory and of network of fixed cameras for fauna monitoring removal of invasive plants and re moulding of ecotones over 4.2 ha grazing with sheep and donkey across 30 ha conservation activities on 33.2 ha of the forest habitat 9K0 watering pools were constructed and 25 existing pools were restored forest coverage was opened for S. tombeanensis in 4 sites and a database was elaborated breeding techniques for A. pallipes were improved and 62 young crayfish were released in nature PAGE 7

18 LIFE04 NAT/IT/00059 environmental education programme involving the schools in the Parco Alto Garda Bresciano local meetings with institutions, agencies and operators and with the public (fishermen s associations) information and interpretation centre was restored networking with other Life Natura projects panels, pamphlets, posters PAGE 8

19 Continuation... improvement of breeding and reproduction techniques monitoring of the new population released in nature July crayfish were found during night-time monitoring September young crayfish were released in the watercourse PAGE 9

20 LIFE04 NAT/IT/00059 Requalification interventions of SCI Ganna's Lake PAGE 20

2004 2007 LIFE04 NAT/IT/00059 lowering of the

of the valley is silting up isolation of the

status of habitats affected by lower water

observatory puddles to favour reproduction of

21 LIFE04 NAT/IT/00059 lowering of the water level in the sheets of water the bottom of the valley is silting up isolation of the fauna of Lake Ganna improve the vegetation status of habitats affected by lower water levels create or restore breeding areas for amphibian species and the white clawed crayfish peat bog dredging solving hydrogeological problems cellars renaturalization and aquatic species observatory puddles to favour reproduction of amphibians repairing the water ecological corridor from Lake Ganna to Lake Ghirla PAGE 2

2004 2007 LIFE04 NAT/IT/00059 excavating 4,22 m 3 of sediment from the bog constructing a weir to facilitate water level control and allow bog water

wooden or stone hydraulic engineering devices increasing amphibian breeding pond areas to 03 m 2 by restoring 3 existing sites and introducing another 3

22 LIFE04 NAT/IT/00059 excavating 4,22 m 3 of sediment from the bog constructing a weir to facilitate water level control and allow bog water levels to increase by 0 cm hydrogeological management measures involved sinking wells, creating stone pathways to regulate water flows and building wooden or stone hydraulic engineering devices increasing amphibian breeding pond areas to 03 m 2 by restoring 3 existing sites and introducing another 3 new ponds enhancing the water ecological corridor between Lake Ghirla and Lake Ganna restocking the smaller Lake S. Gemolo with 9 A. pallipes individuals PAGE 22

23 LIFE03 NAT/IT/00037 Austropotamobius pallipes* : protection and management in SAC sites of Central Italy PAGE 23

locally extinction of the species habitat degradation illegal poaching

pallipes production of young crayfishes in captivity successive sowing in clean

pallipes in the area census of running waters production of juveniles and sowing

24 locally extinction of the species habitat degradation illegal poaching introduction of exotic crayfish species disease save the relict populations of A. pallipes production of young crayfishes in captivity successive sowing in clean streams falling back in SAC sites detection of the populations of A. pallipes in the area census of running waters production of juveniles and sowing analysis of possible profit-yelding activity for the local communities permanent monitoring PAGE 24

assessment of the actual distribution of A.

25 assessment of the actual distribution of A. pallipes in the study area 2 breeding centers at different locations action plan for the species within the seven provinces involved releasing of 5,000 juvenile crayfish into rivers inside about 30 SACs PAGE 25

997 999 LIFE96 NAT/IT/00369 Conservation of priority habitats with

Volunteers, aimed to avoiding illegal cutting, picking of mushrooms and

26 LIFE96 NAT/IT/00369 Conservation of priority habitats with Abies alba in Natura 2000 Sites in central and southern Italy Volunteers, aimed to avoiding illegal cutting, picking of mushrooms and truffles and the capture of Austropotamobius pallipes and to prevent poaching PAGE 26

27 LIFE99 NAT/IT/ Monte Labbro and Upper Albegna Valley, conservation and management Comunità Montana Amiata Grossetano the project has contributed to the increase of the A. pallipes population through the building of a captive breeding centre PAGE 27

28 LIFE07 NAT/IT/ Improvement of the conservation status of SCIs in the high Apennine area and in the plain around Prato Parco Regionale dei Laghi Suviana e Brasimone improve the conservation status of: bird species covered by the Birds Directive Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex) white clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius italicus of the Austropotamobius pallipes species complex) European bullhead (Cottus gobio) PAGE 28

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