THE EFFECT OF SEED AGE AND TREATMENT BY PRORADIX METHOD ON GERMINABILITY AND INITIAL GROWTH OF SELECTED MEADOW GRASS (POA PRATENSIS) VARIETIES

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1 ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS Volume LIX 33 Numer 5, 211 THE EFFECT OF SEED AGE AND TREATMENT BY PRORADIX METHOD ON GERMINABILITY AND INITIAL GROWTH OF SELECTED MEADOW GRASS (POA PRATENSIS) VARIETIES J. Vrzlová, P. Knot Received: April 13, 211 Astrct VRZALOVÁ, J., KNOT, P.: The effect of seed ge nd tretment y Prordix method on germinility nd initil growth of selected medow grss (Po prtensis) vrieties. Act univ. gric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 211, LIX, No. 5, pp The gol of the study conducted in 28 nd 21 t the Reserch Forge Production Sttion in Vtín ws to investigte the influence of seed ge nd seed tretment y Prordix method on the germintion dynmics, totl germinting cpcity nd initil growth rte of selected medow grss vrieties. The testing ws crried out in controlled conditions on the germintor. Our results indicte tht the ge of seed significntly ffects oth the germintion dynmics nd the totl germinting cpcity. On dy 7 fter the estlishment of the tril, significntly higher germinting cpcity ws oserved in the 4-yer old seed (33.3%) s compred with the 2-yer old seed (17.4%). Nevertheless, from dy 13, higher germintion vlues were recorded in the younger seed nd its totl chieved germinting cpcity ws significntly higher too (+7.2%). Interesting ws finding tht the older seed of most vrieties showed more redily oncoming germintion, which my ply quite importnt role in some cses nmely in medow grss, which is known y slow initil growth. The older seed exhiited significntly lower vlues of oth ove-ground iomss nd the iomss of roots. The Prordix method ppered s efficient in oosting the totl germinting cpcity. It significntly incresed germintion rte s well s totl germinting cpcity. At the sme time, positive effect ws oserved of tretment y this method on the length of oth shoot nd root prts; the difference ws sttisticlly insignificnt though. Po prtensis, germinility, seed ge, seed tretment, Prordix Medow grss is one of grss species with the slowest germintion nd susequent growth. The success of sowing depends on rnge of fctors in such species. One of the most importnt of them is seed germinting cpcity. Germintion strts in consequence of numerous events occurring t moleculr level, which pss into the growth of emryo (BRADBEER, 1988). Germintion nd germinting cpcity re ffected y mny externl fctors such s sufficient wter nd oxygen supply, optimum temperture etc. In mny grss species, light plys certin role nd medow grss is one of those. Germintion is lso ffected y internl fctors such s genetic nture nd ctul condition of the seed (COPENLAND nd MC DONALD, 1995; MÍKA, 22). Age of the seed plys n importnt role too, nd this holds true twice in medow grss if we consider the species dormncy. Too fresh seed my exhiit low germintion vlues in medow grss (BOCKSCH, 24). The influence of light on the germinting cpcity decreses with the incresing seed ge (EVENARI, 1965). For the ove resons it is very crucil tht the medow grss seed used for sowing is of the highest possile qulity. Some methods of seed tretment were developed to support the initil development of medow grss, which re to oost the growth fter sowing, e.g. Hedstrt, Pregerm, Iseed or Prordix, which ws tested in our experiment. According to KNOT et l. (28), Prordix is method of seed 39

2 31 J. Vrzlová, P. Knot tretment sed on the preventive tretment of nked grins with Pseudomons sp. cteri. The effect of this method shows in the iologicl protection of emerging plnts ginst the pthogenic fungi of Pythium nd Rhizoctoni gener, in the ctivtion of soil nutrients, relile germintion nd emergence s well s in the incresed production of roots. The gol of the sumitted work ws to find out wht role plys the seed ge nd the seed tretment y the Prordix method in the dynmics of germintion, totl germinting cpcity, length of the ove-ground prt nd roots in selected vrieties of medow grss, which re used in turfgrss mngement prctice. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 28 nd 21, nked seeds of selected turf vrieties of medow grss were tested in the Reserch Forge Production Sttion in Vtín for the effect of seed ge nd seed tretment y Prordix method on the initil growth. In oth yers ws used the sme seeds. Experimentl vrints re presented in T. I. In the experiment, we used TZ 8-46 germintor. Ech tested vrint represented in three replictions included twenty nked seeds plced on the filter pper in the Petri dish (dimeter 9 mm). The contct with wter ws provided y mens of filter pper wicks 26 mm long nd 3 mm wide. Microclimte ws chieved y ell-shped cover pieces with ir holes in the upper prt to llow for ir circultion. The germintor ws djusted for dily regime of 16 nd 8 hours (tempertures 2 C I: Experimentl vrints Fctor 1. Cultivr 2. Seed ge 3. Tretment Level 1.1. Cocktil 1.2. Yvette 1.3. Mircle 1.4. Festin yers (28) yers (21) 3.1. untreted 3.2. Prordix nd 1 C). The higher temperture nd 16 hours simulted the dy nd the lower temperture nd 8 hours simulted the night. The light, which ws during the dy used for illumintion of ll vrints, ws switched off during the night regime. Studied chrcteristics Germintion dynmics ws mesured on dy 7, 1, 13 nd 16, nd totl germinting cpcity ws estlished on dy 2 fter estlishing the experiment. On these dys nd in these intervls, germinted nked grins were counted for the respective experimentl vrints. After the end of the experiment, on dy 2 fter its estlishment, eight lrgest individuls were chosen from ech vrint, which were mesured for the oveground prt height nd root length. As the results of germintion were in the form of reltive undnce nd the mesured percentges cnnot e expressed y mens of Gussin division, the vlues were converted y using the rcus sinus squre root trnsformtion (GOMEZ nd GOMEZ, 1984). The sttisticl nlysis ws crried out using Sttistic vers. 8.. (STATSOFT, 27). The significnce test ws mde y using the vrince nlysis) nd the susequent Tukey test (p.5). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The effect of ge on germintion dynmics nd totl germinting cpcity Seed ge ffected highly significntly oth the germintion dynmics in the initil stge nd totl ttined germinting cpcity (T. II, T. III, Fig. 1). As compred with the 2-yer old seed, the 4-yer old seed showed significntly higher germinting cpcity on dy 7 fter the estlishment in the verge of ll vrieties or their tretments. The difference etween the two vrints ws 15.9%. However, no sttisticl differences were recorded in other terms of mesuring the germinting dynmics. On dy 13 fter the estlishment, the germinting cpcity of experimentl vrints ws equle nd in the following mesurements, higher germinting II: Germintion dynmics nd totl germinting cpcity on dy 2 fter the estlishment of the experiment in the studied vrieties resp. tretments (Vtín, 28) Cultivr (tretment) Dy fter the estlishment of the tril Cocktil Cocktil (Prordix) Yvette Yvette (Prordix) Mircle Mircle (Prordix) Festin Festin (Prordix) Vlues followed y the sme letter in ech column re not significntly different (P.5).

3 The effect of seed ge nd tretment y Prordix method on germinility 311 III: Germintion dynmics nd totl germinting cpcity (%) on dy 2 fter the estlishment of the experiment in the studied vrieties resp. tretments (Vtín, 21) Cultivr (tretment) Dy fter the estlishment of the tril Cocktil c 6.1c 6.1 Cocktil (Prordix) 35.1c c 66.8c 66.8 Yvette Yvette (Prordix) 21.3c c 63.5c 56.1 Mircle 46.9d c 65.c 65. Mircle (Prordix) 48.9d c 72.c 72. Festin 33.2c Festin (Prordix) 45.9d c 62.4c 62.4 Vlues followed y the sme letter in ech column re not significntly different (P.5). cpcity ws recorded lredy in the vrint of 2-yer old seed. Similrly, the finl germinting cpcity on dy 2 fter the estlishment ws higher in the 2-yer old vrint (significntly) thn in the 4-yer old vrint y 7%. Similr results with the medow grss were reported lso y KNOT (21) who oserved difference of 6.1% etween the 2- nd 4-yer old medow grss vrieties. The effect of Prordix tretment on germintion dynmics nd totl germinting cpcity The seed tretment y the Prordix method ppered s eneficil (Fig. 2). The treted vrint showed germinting cpcity of 27.6% lredy on dy 7 fter the estlishment in the verge of ll vrieties nd oth lengths of experimentl periods, which ws y 4.7% (insignificntly) more thn in untreted vrints. However, sttisticlly positive context with the seed tretment ws proven in ll other terms of mesurements. The totl germinting cpcity on dy 2 fter the estlishment ws 68.6% in the treted vrint, which ws significntly more thn in the untreted vrints (6.7%). The Prordix method showed itself eneficil in contrst to for exmple studies pulished y KNOT (26) nd KNOT et l. (24) who did not oserve ny significntly positive influence on the germinting cpcity with Hedstrt nd Pregerm methods used to tret the medow grss seed. The effect of seed ge on the length of oveground nd root prts A significntly lower height of the ove-ground prt in vrints with the 4-yer old seed ws proven on the verge of ll vrieties (Fig. 3). The difference mounted on verge to 12.8 mm nd 12.3 mm in the untreted nd treted vrieties, respectively. As single one, the Cocktil (Prordix) vriety did not show significnt difference in spite of the fct tht its treted vrint reched in 28 length of the ove-ground prt y 7.3 mm greter thn the sme vrint in 21. The gretest difference etween the yers ws oserved in the vriety Mircle (Prordix) 15.9 mm. This vriety reched in the treted vrint the gretest length of the ove-ground prt (6.7 mm) in 28. Significnt differences were Germinility (%) Dy 1: Germintion dynmics nd totl germinting cpcity (%) in 28 nd 21 vrints (verge of ll vrieties nd tretments). Vlues in the sme dy chrcterised y the sme letter re not significntly different (P.5).

4 312 J. Vrzlová, P. Knot untreted Prordix Germinility (% ) Dy 2: Germintion dynmics nd totl germinting cpcity in the treted nd untreted vrints (verge of yers nd vrieties). Vlues in the sme dy chrcterised y the sme letter re not significntly different (P.5). Length of ove ground prt (mm) Cultivr (tretment) 3: The length of ove-ground prt on dy 2 since the tril estlishment. Vlues in the sme vriety (tretment) chrcterised y the sme letter re not significntly different (P.5). recorded lso mong the individul vrieties nd tretments in oth survey yers. The 2-yer old seed reched significntly greter length of the root prt thn the 4-yer old seed on the verge of oth untreted nd treted medow grss vrieties. The difference ws 8.4 mm in the untreted vrints nd 14.5 mm in the treted vrints (Fig. 4). Even with respect to individul vrieties, the root prt length reched in 28 ws greter thn in 21. The difference ws significnt in most vrieties. Exceptions were vrieties Cocktil, Cocktil (Prordix) nd Yvette, in which the difference ws sttisticlly insignificnt. The effect of Prordix tretment on the length of ove-ground nd root prt The results show tht the tretment with Prordix hd positive effect on the length of oth ove-ground nd root prt on the verge of ll vrieties; however, the difference ws insignificnt in oth cses (T. IV). On the verge of the two yers of study, the differences were 1.5 mm in the ove-ground prt nd.1 mm in the root prt. VRZALOVÁ et l. (28) studied the effect of Hedstrt tretment on the height of ove-ground prt nd did not record significntly positive effect of this seed tretment method either. CONCLUSIONS The effect of seed ge on the germintion dynmics nd totl germinting cpcity on dy 2 fter the estlishment of the experiment ws demonstrted. The first term of the mesurement on dy 7 fter the estlishment reveled significntly higher germinting cpcity in the older seed. On dy 13, the germinting cpcity ecme equle

5 The effect of seed ge nd tretment y Prordix method on germinility 313 Length of root prt (mm) Cultivr (tretment) 4: The length of root prt on dy 2 since the tril estlishment. Vlues in the sme vriety (tretment) chrcterised y the sme letter re not significntly different (P.5). IV: Length of ove-ground prt nd root prt on dy 2 since the tril estlishment (verge of vrieties) Yer Aove-ground prt Root prt without tretment with tretment without tretment with tretment verge Vlues followed y the sme letter in line re not significntly different (P.5). nd lter on higher vlues were oserved only in the 2-yer old seed. At the end of study, significntly higher germinting cpcity ws demonstrted in vrints with the 2-yer old seed. The higher germintion dynmics t the initil stge my e in some cses much dvntgeous in the older seed. Seed ge significntly ffected oth the oveground prt nd the root prt of the plnts. Older vrints showed lower vlues. It follows tht the incresing ge of seed slows down the initil growth fter germintion. The seed tretment y Prordix method ppered very eneficil oth for the germintion dynmics nd for the totl germinting cpcity chieved. Differences were significnt with n exception of the first survey on dy 7 fter the tril estlishment. No significntly positive effect of Prordix tretment ws demonstrted on the initil growth of the ove-ground nd root prt of medow grss. SUMMARY The gol of the study ws to investigte the influence of seed ge nd seed tretment y Prordix method on the germintion dynmics, totl germinting cpcity nd initil growth rte of selected medow grss vrieties. The work ws crried out in 28 nd 21 t the Reserch forge production sttion in Vtín. The testing ws mde on the germintor under controlled conditions. Our results indicte tht the ge of seed significntly ffects oth, the germintion dynmics nd the totl germinting cpcity. On dy 7, fter the estlishment of the tril, significntly higher germinting cpcity ws oserved with the 4-yer-old seed s compred to the 2-yer-old seed. Nevertheless, from dy 13, higher germintion vlues were recorded in the younger seed nd it s totl chieved germinting cpcity ws significntly higher too. The older seed exhiited significntly lower vlues of oth, ove-ground iomss nd the iomss of roots. The Prordix method ppered efficient in oosting the totl germinting cpcity. It significntly incresed germintion rte s well s totl germinting cpcity. At the sme time we hve oserved positive effect of this method s tretment on the length of oth, shoot nd root prts. However, the difference ws sttisticlly insignificnt.

6 314 J. Vrzlová, P. Knot Acknowledgement This study ws supported y the Reserch pln No. MSM Biologicl nd technologicl spects of sustinility of controlled ecosystems nd their dptility to climte chnge, which is finnced y the Ministry of Eduction, Youth nd Sports of the Czech Repulic. REFERENCES BEWLEY, J. D., BLACK, M., 1978: Physiology nd iochemistry of seeds in reltion to germintion. Vol. 1. Verl. Springer, Berlin, Heidelerg, New York. BOCKSCH, M., 24: Lgerung und Keimfähigkeit von Rsenstgut. 9/24, Deutsche Rsengesellschft. Dostupné n (cited: ). BREDBEER, J. W., 1988: Seed dormncy nd germintion. Chmpll & Hll, New York. COPENLAND, L. O., MACDONALD, M. B., 1995: Principles of Seed Science nd Technology. 3 rd edition. Chpmn&Hll, 49 pp. EVENARI, M., 1965: Light nd seed dormncy. In: RUHLAND, W. (Hrsg.): Hnduch der Pflnzenphysiologie. Bd. 15, Teil 2, p GOMEZ, K. A., GOMEZ, A. A., 1984: Sttisticl procedures for griculturl reserch. 2 nd ed. J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 155 pp. KNOT, P., LASER, H., OPITZ V. BOBERFELD W., 24: Auswirkungen unterschliedlicher Stgut-Vorehndlungen uf die Keimfähigkeit von Po prtensis Sorten für Rsen, Mitt. Ges. Pflnzenuwiss. 16, S KNOT, P., 26: Vliv iotických fktorů n klíčivost Agrostis species Po species. Act Univ. Agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brunen. 54, 5: ISSN KNOT, P., VRZALOVÁ, J., HRABĚ, F., 28: Moderní technologie ošetření oilek lipnice luční, Zhrdnictví, Měsíčník pro profesionální zhrdníky. Odorný recenzovný čsopis, 7: ISSN KNOT, P., 21: Vliv odrůdy stáří osiv n klíčivost lipnice luční. Úrod Odorný čsopis pro rostlinnou produkci, sv. LVII, 9: ISSN MÍKA, V. kol, 22: Morfogeneze trv. Výzkumný ústv rostlinné výroy, Prh, 2 s. ISBN STATSOFT Inc., 27: STATISTICA dt nlysis softwre systém, version 8.., VRZALOVÁ, J., KNOT, P., HRABĚ, F., 28: Vliv ošetření osiv lipnice luční příprvkem Hedstrt n klíčivost počáteční rychlost růstu. Úrod, Vědecká příloh Aktuální pozntky v pěstování, šlechtění, ochrně rostlin zprcování produktů. Referáty z konference ze dne v Brně, VÚP Zemědělský výzkum Trousko. 28, sv. LVI, 12: ISSN Address Ing. Jn Vrzlová, Ing. Pvel Knot, Ph.D. Ústv výživy zvířt pícninářství, Mendelov univerzit v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 Brno, Česká repulik, e-mil: vrzlov@profipress.cz, knot@mendelu.cz