SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES IN THE LOWER MEKONG BASIN PROJECT (SMRP) BUON MA THUOT FIELD OFFICE (BFO)

Transcription

1 SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES IN THE LOWER MEKONG BASIN PROJECT (SMRP) BUON MA THUOT FIELD OFFICE (BFO) FOREST LAND ALLOCATION IN DAK LAK A LEARNING PROCESS Working paper on Forest land allocation Compiled by Tran Ngoc Thanh Field coordinator of SMRP On behalf of Field Staff on FLA March 2000

2 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process Table of contents 1. Introduction The nature of forestland allocation in Dak Lak... 4 Forests are very important but they should be reallocated to the people why? From state forests to people s forests is a long term process in Dak Lak Before 1975: From : From From 2000 and incoming years progammes related to FLA Aerial photo progamme and forest protection and development strategy State Forest Enterprise renovation progamme Forest land allocation is not only for individuals but also for other sectors as communities, groups or even SFEs who will also receive red books (LURC) Decentralization of responsibilities in managing forest (decree 245/TTg) Management of forest using village regulations New coming projects in NRM funded by international donors will create new agents 9 4. Forest land allocation since 1998 up to now a testing phase and a learning process Forest land allocation in Ea Hleo a long process from idea to action Lessons learnt from process implementation Secure land and tree tenure Equity Records for land and forest management Transparency Participation of villagers Coordination among relevant agencies Affordability The constraints of ongoing process Coordination of related agencies in FLA Lack of united guidelines both in technical as well as benefit sharing policies caused so many debates leading to timing consumption Field measurement and land demarcation need to be improved Human resource development, to strengthen capacities of staff is an essential demand High expenses could not be applied on a large scale Recommendations Develop an official guidelines on forest land allocation Coordination of relevant agencies and the role of district PC Strengthening staff at district level Develop a possible methodology on land measurement using GPS and aerial photos FLA to communities or groups where could be applicable Appendices a. Abbreviations b. Mandates of involved organization in FLA References

3 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process 1. Introduction Forest land allocation is a significant progamme of Dak Lak province. Recently, it is being tested in 5 forest enterprises (Ea Hleo, Lak, Cu Jut, Quang Tan, Ea Kar) in which 7,000 Ha of existing forest land are reallocated to the local farmers who are mostly ethnic minority groups whose living conditions closely depend on the forest. This year 3,000 ha more will be reallocated to small-householders or communities Regarding this paper, with valuable assistance of The sustainable management of resources in the lower Me Kong basin project (SMRP). The test progamme has been supported and important consultancy reports obtained which recorded documentation of the process (as Thomas report) or giving insights from first experiences (as Regina report) of a pilot project implemented in Ea Sol and Dak Phoi commune have been produced so far. It is therefore not necessary to repeat here the material, which has been presented clearly in the above reports so the main purpose of this paper is rather to review the process of FLA in Dak Lak as well as its decision-making process. In addition, It aims to understand the origins leading to DL leaders deciding to launch a test progamme reallocating the forestland resources to the farmers along with issuing land use rights certificates (LURC) (or called red books). Moreover, this paper also would like to provide an overall picture of changing forest sector in Dak Lak since 1975 up to date and incoming plans since the Vietnam government has united the whole country from the USA colonist regime. Hopefully, through the chronology of events it will provide some information to readers who are interested in forestland allocation in Dak Lak. A part from the above purpose, this paper also would like to reflect the constraints of the ongoing process showing why it is running so slowly due to having many hampered issues needing to be solved as soon as possible. Finally, with point of view of learning process, the author also would like to give some ideas with a hope that they could contribute to the FLA as useful recommendations. 3

4 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process 2. The nature of forestland allocation in Dak Lak It is worth noting that nowhere else in this country can we see a similar progamme in which existing forest is being reallocated to small householders. Especially, the target groups of progamme are ethnic minority communities who used to be seen as forest loggers. Historically, the forest land allocation progamme in Vietnam has been started since However, in fact, only denuded bare land, without forest cover, was allocated to individuals. The remainder, majority of forest land, is owned by state organizations namely forest enterprises (SFEs) or forest companies (FCo), or Forest Unions (FU). The past, forest resources used to be evaluated as important capital sources for this province. It could be used for infrastructure development, road construction, etc. Whenever, the government needed it, they could harvest for commercial purposes to satisfy urgent demands. Due to its importance, the government must carefully keep it and should not hand it over to other sectors. This story is understandable. However, it has changed recently both in practice as well as presented in the laws So far, as implemented in the whole country, allocation of agricultural land to farmers or private sectors can be seen as a normally evident work in Dak Lak province. In contrast, allocation of forestry land is a quite complex process both in policy as well as implementation aspects. This can be explained as follows - Forestry resources play an important role in developing socio-economic dimension of this province (forest and forest land is 1,215,205 ha, accounting for 62.2% of the total natural area). Its functions can be mentioned (a) hydrology; (b) biodiversity preservation; (c) forest product supply, (d) shifting cultivation fields for ethnic minority groups; (e) living areas of the people. Degradation or best protection not only affects Dak Lak itself but also neighboring provinces down stream. - In addition, it is not easy to have a consensus between the people and forest managers when allocation of forest resources to farmers will change the roles of SFEs in the future; who are authorized to keep power as controllers Forests are very important but they should be reallocated to the people why? There are some agents that could be seen to be dynamic leading to forestland allocation. a. The land policy of the Vietnamese central government has shifted away from a centrally planned system with collective land management to a more market oriented system with an increasing importance of local farmers in management of natural resources. In addition, the forest sector of Vietnam is being reformed aiming at a social forestry system with the point of view that confidence building of people is a key objective. Consequently, this has laid down a foundation and created agents leading to DL decision-makers strongly launching a test progamme on FLA including LURC. In order words, the FLA progamme is tested under 4

5 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process permission of the law framework. Whenever, the senior leaders of Vietnam visited Dak Lak, they always show concern about forest protection and management. Therefore so many proposals from Dak Lak have been approved in order to create significant orientations for reallocation of forest land. b. The forest resource in DL is degrading rapidly. It can be estimated about 5,000-7,000 Ha of forest land is being destroyed yearly due to (a) pressure of population increase; (b) expansion of plantation as coffee, rubber; (c) unsustainable forest logging; (d) lack of suitable land use planning; (e) no real forestland owners. Assuming, if the testing programme were to fail and as a result 7,000 ha of forest would have disappeared, Dak Lak could still learn a lot of lessons in managing forest c. Erosion of forest resources are immediately creating adverse affects to the environment as well as DL people (drought in 1997 affected over 40,000 Ha of coffee, yearly floods usually happening in lower districts as Lak, Krong Ana, Krong Bong created unaccountable damage) d. Moreover, fortunately, invaluable supports from internationally funded projects like GTZ or DANIDA has originated good opportunities both in technical cooperation as well as financing assistance for DL to test and to learn promising approaches in NRM. This helps the local government to have additional sources in pursuing objectives of FLA 5

6 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process 3. From state forests to people s forests is a long term process in Dak Lak Historically, like other countries in the third world the forest sector has been passing though long periods of change in management. In Dak Lak, the process reviewed below will help readers to understand how forest sector in Dak Lak is changing. 3.1 Before 1975: Forest resources in DL were managed under colonist regime. However, local communities living in remote areas had rights to traditionally manage their forest areas. Shifting cultivation, timber logging for local utilization could be seen as sustainable means. There was no pressure of overpopulation (less than 350,000 people were living in the territory of 2,000,000 ha of natural area). Traditional village headmen had supervised their communities including utilization of forest resources. Consequently, It can be viewed as acceptable management. 3.2 From : After renovation, forest resources of Dak Lak were managed by state forest enterprises, unions of industry, agriculture and forestry. The forest resources have been intensively logged, it has contributed an important revenue for social economic development. It can be estimated that the yearly logged timber volume was over 450,000m 3 /per year. This did not include illegal logging volume, firewood yield, and internal consumption by local people. During that period, a great proportion of ethnic minority groups were employed by the SFEs and working as government workers with the point of view that they could be settled for fixed cultivation and gradually stop slashburn production. However, the fact has been evidenced to the contrary, forest resources are continuously declining. SFEs and the above mentioned unions were owners of forest resource who were authorized to keep the government property. As a result, the role of village headmen of local communities in managing forest was gradually not salted or not affected. The forest protection functions were handed over to forestry organizations. Similarly, forest management has not become better, it still follows the previous track. 3.3 From Timber logged volume has gradually declined. There were about 200,000 m3 harvested per year since the government could obtain financing sources from the center or from other revenue. Moreover, the local government has paid attention to forest protection progamme. Consequently, the old forest unions have been dissolved due to cutting forests no longer being the most important task. The SFEs still remain but most of them are acting as subsidy institutions rather than business companies. Their effectiveness can be evaluated as useless in term of forest management 6

7 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process The local communities were still living closely dependent on the forest resources but they were not aware that they had to take responsibilities to look after forest. In addition, under pressure of population increase both by natural and un-controlled immigration. The forest has been cleared intensively for cultivation land. Moreover, shifting cultivation was no longer sustainable due to overpopulated circumstances also contributing to degradation. In order to reduce the worse conditions as above presented, the local PC has used the fund from 327 programme (started in 1993) as a granted budget for forest protect contracts 1. Under these contracts, local farmers could obtain 40,000 50,000 VND/ per year to protect one hectare. Even though a considerable amount of money has been spent for its purpose, after 5 years of implementation (since ). On the one hand, the progamme has still been evaluated as not very effective, on the other hand, the government cannot spend a lot of money for this in the long run. The forest resources of Dak Lak are continuously declining. Yearly report shows that are about 5,000 6,000 ha of forest has disappeared 2. Faced with changing conditions of environment, DL leaders must think to find out suitable solutions to stop or at least to reduce such circumstances. is leads to a promising option that the forest could be better managed if handed over to local farmers. Hopefully, the test programme could help by changing the loggers to become protectors this may be a good alternative or it could obtain unexpected results rather than just waiting and seeing forest destroyed day by day 3 Experiences learnt from the war times show that the local farmers have supported the government. Historically, ethnic minority groups themselves have contributed an important role for present victory. This is also considered as a prerequisite condition when selecting the target group for testing FLA progamme. 3.4 From 2000 and incoming years progammes related to FLA In the incoming years, the following programmes are significant ones happing in this province Aerial photo progamme and forest protection and development strategy 1 According to the evaluation report of the 327 progamme prepared by The Steering Committee, it has spent 103,968,000,000 VND (about 7,426,285 US$) for 6 years of its implementation in Dak Lak Province 2 The above report also informed that there are about 8,000-10,000 ha of forest being cleared yearly for shifting cultivation purpose. 3 Under 5-million ha progamme, the DL PC has granted 5,571,000,000 VND (about US$ 255,000) to pay protection contracts protecting 102,022 Ha of forest in the year (Decision No 16/2000/QD-UB dated issued by DL PC) 7

8 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process As above presented, forest resources in Dak Lak play a significant role in economic development as well as other social aspects. Being the largest province of Vietnam where the biggest proportions of its territory are covered by forest area and located in the central highlands. So any adverse activities affecting Dak Lak forest could also create negative impacts to the people living down stream. Unfortunately, forest areas are being intensively eroded from day to day and a positive instrument to monitor this change is lacking at present. In fact, since 1998, DARD contracted out with FIPI and Aerial Photo Company, which belongs to Ministry of Defense using the result to reinventory the forest resources. However, due to many reasons of bad weather, the process had to be delayed and up to now only 700,000 ha of it territory (one-third) has been photographed with various qualities. It is hoped that the progamme could be finalized by the end of this year and then could supply basic information for making a strategy of forest protection and development in the period Using this strategy, forest resources could be reclassified in three categories according to its use purposes such as forest for production, forest for protection and forest for special use. A key component of this strategy also identifies forest resources which are being reallocated to local farmers as well as other sectors State Forest Enterprise renovation progamme State forest enterprises are popular business institutions of forestry sector. Therefore, improvement of their operations in order to increase effectiveness in doing business is a very important task. Playing major roles efficiently in supplying services, productive development can be seen as significant factor in promoting rural development in Dak Lak. Under this progamme, all SFEs of Dak Lak will be renovated into one of 3 kinds of institution such as state forest enterprises operating as business companies, or be changed to forest management institutions and some of FEs also could be reformed into new organizations 4. This progamme is quite important because it will change structure of forest sector in Dak Lak. Following this, each SFE must submit its renovation project. Especially, it has to point out how big a forest area that could be a suitable scale for their business and the rest will be proposed for reallocation Forest land allocation is not only for individuals but also for other sectors as communities, groups or even SFEs who will also receive red books (LURC) 4 The renovation programme is implemented by the Decision 187/1999/QD-TTg dated of the Prime Minister of Vietnam 8

9 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process Although acting as a test phase the FLA progamme is taking place in different ways variously. Beside FLA to small-households as implemented in Ea Hleo, forest also could be allocated to groups or communities. There are some pioneering ideas which have been informed by decisionmakers about this. Moreover, SFEs managing forest areas without LURC will be received red books too. This is very important and marks a period of forest management according to the land law Decentralization of responsibilities in managing forest (decree 245/TTg) The decree clarifies the mandates of different line ministries and the people committees at different levels with respect to forestry. The decree lays down a foundation in making forest management procedure especially relevant to forest land allocation. Under support from another GTZ project (REFAS), the decree has been introduced to local organizations up to commune level. It aims to make the mandates clear as well as responsibilities to different institutions including villagers Management of forest using village regulations A progamme on management of forest through village regulations will be implemented with responsibility of forest protection sub-department. Historically, in 1999, the PCDL issued the decision No 441/1999/QD-UB dated that each commune should establish a forestry board. These boards have a yearly small budget as running costs for operation. However, its functions, roles of members as well as involvement of local farmers as traditional village headmen need to be further assisted. These boards, in fact, are not functioning at present. It is worth noting that the local farmers of Dak Lak mostly belong to ethnic minority groups who have very good traditional customs in doing group work or community life New coming projects in NRM funded by international donors will create new agents Fortunately, a consensus was reached that The German Government will support the new RD project in Dak Lak in the near future. It could be started in the first quarter 2001 and promises potential contribution or factors in forest sector of Dak Lak. As presented in several official discussions between two sides, the new project will focus primarily on the development and testing of appropriate Community-based Natural Resources Management (CB-NRM) concepts, instruments and practices in selected districts. The Project Goal could read as "Villagers in the Uplands of Dak Lak Province practice Sustainable Natural Resources Management (NRM) and have improved their Quality of Life" 5 So far in Dak Lak, there are only 2 state forest organizations (Yok Don National and Thuan An Forest Enterprise) which have land use certificates. 9

10 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process The Project Purpose could be formulated as "Villagers in the targeted project areas use environmentally and economically sound NRM practices, and relevant organizations (GOs & NGOs) apply effective concepts and tools for the planning and management of rural development programs in the uplands" With a focus on the development of sustainable land use management systems for poorer communities in the Central Highlands, the project would also contribute practical concepts and tools for the implementation of the national Poverty Alleviation Program, the Five Million Hectare Reforestation Program and other RD-related national programs. 10

11 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process 4. Forest land allocation since 1998 up to now a testing phase and a learning process Before 1998, there were 256,000 ha of forest also protected by households (not including forest area allocated to military forces for protection) by forest protection contracts. Under these contracts, protectors could be paid 50,000 VND per hectare for one year. The central government granted the budget to run this progamme namely the 327 progamme. It aims to stimulate local people in protecting forest to generate income for ethnic minority groups to reduce shifting cultivation to strengthen awareness on forest protection for local communities whose living depends on the forest After 6 years of running the progamme from 1993 to 1998, according to the report of evaluation mission team, representatives of parliament members, presented that 43,000 ha of forest, which have been contracted out has also been destroyed. In comparison, the report also showed that other places where forest has not been contracted out, forest resources were cleared more strongly. Unfortunately, the author could not obtain this specific information. In 1999, the 327 progamme was terminated due to its limited success and on other hand, the government budget is not enough to pay such a vast scale as well in the long term 6. Nevertheless, it was replaced by the 5 million ha progamme and until this time, when this report is written, there are 120,000 ha of forest protected by forest protection contracts and the government has planned to pay 3,600,000,000 VND for year 2000 (estimated about 257,142 US$) In order to find out a promising approach on forest management, leaders of DL have decided to test a progamme namely forest land allocation since At that time, there were two forest enterprises (Ea Hleo and Dak Mol). Faced with many new issues that have never met before as well as the complexity of process, after one year, Dak Mol forest enterprise has submitted a letter of proposal to refuse to carry out progamme. Finally, in 1999, Ea Hleo forest enterprise had to be additionally nominated 1,000 ha of forest. This increased total forest area which could be reallocated to local farmers is 2,000 ha in Ea Hleo. Pioneering ideas on FLA generated in 1998, as above explanation, the FLA was just started in 1999 at Ea Hleo (2,000 ha) and other 4 SFEs (Lak 2000ha), Cu Jut (1000ha), Ea Kar (1000ha), and Quang Tan (1000ha) 6 The 327 programme budget is not only paid directly to forest protection activities but also paid for other tasks like infrastructure, school, road, etc which related to the project areas. 11

12 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process 5. Forest land allocation in Ea Hleo a long process from idea to action Started from under the official decision No 96/1998/QD-UB of the DLPC up to February 2000, the FLA in Ea Hleo has just been finalized. Since beginning, It has involved nearly 6 full time staff as well as uncountable a mount of other supporters. The table below describes the long-term process of FLA in Ea Hleo. Chronology of events Date Contents of events Objectives of events Decision No 96/1998/QD-UB of the Dak Lak people committee (DL PC) Decision No 41/1998/QD-KH of DPI Official letter No 103/1998/KH-KTN of DPI The first workshop jointly organized by EFE and district authority (District level) Workshop was held at EAHLEO PC The second workshop Jointly organized by EFE and Commune authority (Commune level) Workshop was held at EASOL PC The third workshop organized at hamlet levels (Hamlet level) Assignment of responsibility to EFE to implement forest land allocation with 1,000 Ha in the year Pursuant the decision of DLPC, decided official plan assignment to EFE to carry out forestland allocation programme Guiding implementing plan for EFE to implement forest land allocation to the local farmers Report a draft policy/plan of forestland allocation to be implemented Different stake holders in province, district, commune invited to discuss the policy of sharing benefit as well as various steps which could be applied Informing in detail the forestry policy of the local government, aiming to reallocate forestland resources to the local people Discuss more detail with villagers at 4 hamlets where the forestland will be reallocated Giving general directions to carry out forest land allocation to local farmers Admitted the official plan for EFE to make budget available for carrying out the process Giving more specific principles for forest land allocation in Ea Hleo Informing decision makers at different steps, draft of benefit sharing prepared by EFE to get comments before informing the local people Discuss with villagers about the policy of forestland allocation, checking expectations as well as getting feedback Make sure that villagers, village headmen, and people understand about forest land allocation policy of the 12

13 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process Official letter 487/CV- KH-KTN of DPI Increase the planned area for FLA in Ea Hleo to 2,000 ha government Increase 1,000 ha more for FLA in Ea Hleo after Dak Mol FE refusal Deliver questionnaires to each household (Family level) 20 days in August 1998 Get opinions from different households as well as their expectations on forest land allocation Make sure that the government policy will touch households The fourth workshop at EFE The fifth workshop at DARD First draft of forest land allocation plan after comments from lower levels Bring opinions of villagers to District decision-makers. Inform draft of forestry policy on allocation process as well as plan Get consensus of District PC before submitting to provincial level First ratify the plan of forest land allocation of EFE before submitting to higher level Keep local PC involved in the process Get agreement from DARD before submitting to other related departments Official letter No 979/CV- NN-PTNT of DARD Official letter No 257/CV- NN-PTNT of DARD The sixth Workshop at DARD The seventh workshop at DARD Giving comments about the plan and the policy of benefit sharing (first draft) Giving comments about the plan and discuss how forest can be allocated to local farmers or making longterm contracts for forest management (second draft) Discuss with different stakeholders at provincial level how forest resources can be allocated or making contracts as well as different means to share benefit (third draft) Discuss to revise some contents in the plan (the fourth draft) Discussion to find out suitable means for forest land allocation Discussion to decide how existing forest can be reallocated or just make long-term contracts with local people Discuss at provincial level outside DARD Discuss with other department outside DARD, DPI, LMD such as Justice department, Department of 13

14 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process The eighth workshop at DARD The ninth workshop at Ea Sol commune Proposal of multidepartments of DARD, DPI, LMD No 772/KH- NN-DC Decision No 2232/QD- UB of Dak Lak PC Discuss to revise some contents in the proposed plan (the fifth draft) Requirement from the DLPC to make sure that after revision the plan will still satisfy local farmers expectation Final agreement of three major organizations about the proposed plan for forest land allocation in Ea Hleo Approved the proposed plan on forest land allocation in Ea Hleo Scientific Technology and Environment, Communist Parties Consideration to prepare an agreement among DARD, DPI, LMD before sending to DLPC Checking that the plan satisfied expectation of villagers after many discussions. Final preparation to submit for approval Official approval and classify the roles of different related organizations Presented clearly that existing forest resources be allocated to local farmers accompanied with land use rights certificates After having approval from the DL PC, Ea Hleo forest enterprise had to redesign in the field due to the fact that boundaries, which divide forest plots, were no longer clear. It took one month to fulfill this job. Following this step, EFE had to reorganize 3 more meetings to explain with villagers in order to have transparency. From this, registration and land allocations in the field have been done by , which could finish the process. Another complexity was how LURCs could be issued to the farmers; even long discussions have not born result yet due to different measurement methodologies between DARD and LMD ideas. Faced with the problem, CWG has proposed to establish a technical team including LMD, DARD, SMRP, and EFE members. This team has reconsidered whole legal document relevant to LURC as well as given a procedure for issuing LURC (red books). After two month of working, finally, they have an acceptable solution and from this red books have been delivered to households. 14

15 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process 6. Lessons learnt from process implementation 7 As earlier mentioned, the testing phase of FLA in Dak Lak is just a learning process. It however also gives valuable lessons learnt for further improvement 6.1 Secure land and tree tenure It is relatively easy for FLA to support secure forestland tenure in villages where there is no cultivation pressure on forestland. Re-classifying forestland as agricultural land helps reduce the conflict between legal classification and actual use. It is difficult to match FLA with existing rules on the use of forest land in villages, where people work agricultural fields on forest land. Even when FLA matches existing rules in the village, outsiders may not respect forest land owner's legal rights. Including only men's names on legal document conflicts with village rules, which designate women as primary landowners. 6.2 Equity FLA easily benefits some households more than others, in particular those with good access to information. The rigid application of technical criteria can limit the number of forest land plots, thus excluding households from receiving land. Good judgment by the SFE staff can prevent major inequalities in forest land plots among those households which will receive land. FLA can change the distribution of control over land within the household. 6.3 Records for land and forest management FLA requires attention to the future uses of forest land records: land administration, forest protection, and production planning. The requirements for land measurement issued by the GDLA are very difficult to achieve for land with existing forest. The measurement problem deserves priority attention by provincial decision-makers. FLA needs to produce very simple data on forest quality to satisfy the demands of forest protection and production planning. 6.4 Transparency Government staff has achieved a clear understanding of the FLA policy. Virtually nobody outside the SFE understands the implementation process of FLA. Villagers lack information about the FLA policy and implementation process. 7 This part of report is adopted from Thomas Sikor s report. 15

16 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process 6.5 Participation of villagers The SFE staff faced difficulties in involving villagers in FLA. Villagers' participation was lacking because there were few opportunities for them to take part in FLA. Efforts by the SFE staff to invite villagers' participation focused on headmen. The SFE staff lacked knowledge of techniques to facilitate more diverse forms of participation. The lack of villagers' participation endangers other objectives of FLA. It leads to a lack of understanding among villagers for the FLA policy and its implementation, underlies the tension between the existing village rules and FLA, and contributes to inequity. 6.6 Coordination among relevant agencies FLA requires coordination among agencies at the provincial and district level. Coordination is difficult to achieve at the provincial level as line departments operate relatively independent from each other. Coordination of their operations may require active guidance by the PC. A mechanism of coordination is lacking at the district level, though different agencies are implementing related programs. This can easily lead to duplication of efforts (e.g., issuing LURCs twice). 6.7 Affordability FLA has taken a long time, caused by delays due to institutional and technical issues. Most institutional issues were due to the pilot character of FLA and have been resolved by now. Land use survey, forest inventory, and plot demarcation are highly time consuming. The costs of FLA lie in the range of other FLA projects. 16

17 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process 7. The constraints of ongoing process It is worth noting that initial achievements of FLA in Ea Hleo should be understood as a good sign of a promising process. However, the good aspects are presented. Readers, however, may encounter them in the consultancy reports of SMRP. 7.1 Coordination of related agencies in FLA The figure below will show us an institutional landscape of forest land allocation in Ea Hleo as a complexity of coordination among related organizations Figure 1: Institutional landscape of FLA in Ea Sol PC prov. DLM FPD DPI DARD PC distr. LMO FPU ARDO SFE comm. PC Adopted from Sikor From the figure, it can be understood that the process had involved so many organizations at different levels and because of the complex administrative procedures at present, the complexities of process are understandable The following core reasons could explain why coordination is not smooth Lack of specific guidelines for implementation The roles of different organizations are not made clear There is no consensus when implementing the process Benefit sharing policies are not stable 8 Different expectations come from partners 9 8 This is leading to so many discussions regarding forest could be reallocated along with LURC or just making long-term contracts without payment in cash and sharing benefit with recipients in kind form timber logging 9 See appendices for clarification of mandates of involved organization 17

18 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process 7.2 Lack of united guidelines both in technical as well as benefit sharing policies caused so many debates leading to timing consumption In Vietnam, any progamme also needs to have guidelines for implementation. Unfortunately, as mentioned earlier, the process is a testing one therefore no guidelines in advance are understandable. It created so many debates due to different expectations as well as different points of view. Focally, the discussions between DARD and LMD concerning what instrument could be applied to satisfy requirement of field measurement is the hottest discussion. LMD would like to propose using theodolite and of course its accuracy is better. In contrast, DARD would like to use hand compasses or tripod compasses because they are useful when moving in forest fields against the complexities of topography. Moreover, the debates originated due to no previous experience concerning which methodology is acceptable in order to give red books for forest land area 7.3 Field measurement and land demarcation need to be improved According to the existing methodology applied in Ea Hleo, in order to measure 2,000 Ha, 6 staff had to spend nearly 6 months. This step can be seen as a big problem of process causing timing consumption. The following reasons should be considered Lack of criteria for measurement (no agreement in advance about what indicators have to be collected to satisfy requirement of FLA due to no guidance) The process is using very old methodology for measurement (hand compasses and tapes leading to time consumption) Skills of staff need to be improved both in organizational and technical aspects The process had to wait for a long time to get approval from different authorities, the plot s boundaries had to be made clear twice due to regeneration of vegetation after rainy season. Involvement of communities could help land demarcation quicker because it could reduce conflict 7.4 Human resource development, to strengthen capacities of staff is an essential demand Lack of trained staff and experiences working with local ethnic minority groups can be seen as a problem causing slowness of the process. It can be understood that foresters in the past have not yet been equipped with necessary skills as PRA, communication skill or participatory tools. In case of Ea Hleo, in order to interview villagers, the staff had designed very good questionnaires, which could be easy to apply for researchers but could not be used to ask local people who cannot speaking language Vietnamese and most of them are illiterate. As a result, the meetings to explain government policies on FLA had to be done several times. Strengthening capacity of staff by training could promote the process much faster due to: Good organization could reduce time consumption Good communication could get consensus 18

19 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process Good participation could be sure that the process in the line with expectations of villagers Well understanding could avoid unnecessary conflicts 7.5 High expenses could not be applied on a large scale. 60,000 VND per hectare have been granted so far to SEFs to do FLA. It is not a financial problem in the test phase with scale of 10,000 ha of forest reallocated to the farmers. However, it should be taken into account when the process will be disseminated up to 100,000 ha. In addition, as informed by forest development department the budget being used for this progamme, comes from the revenue of yearly standing timber-logging income. Another reason concerning human resources, as experiences learnt from Ea Hleo, if the process is not to be improved. As a result, it is expected 0.72 labor-days per hectare of FLA not including service supporters. It means that in order to reallocate 100,000 ha of forest land, it will require 720,000 labor-days equivalent to 3,272 staff per year. This mount of human resources is not small. Consequently, local staff source is not reasonable. 19

20 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process 8. Recommendations The recommendations presented below are very useful to carry out forestland allocation in Dak Lak, so, should be considered in the year The valuable recommendations mentioned in the reports of SMRP are not repeated here. 8.1 Develop an official guidelines on forest land allocation As presented above, lack of guidelines caused big gaps in coordination, collection of information, requirement of outputs and procedure of activities. It is worth noting that as this report is written, a team has been established to develop guidelines. However, the author would like to propose It should be mentioned in the guidelines the following criteria (a) indicators; (b) steps of activities; (c) outputs of each step; (d) responsibilities of relevant agencies; (e) participation and coordination The guideline is not only a technical manual on FLA but also an official paper lies a foundation for implementation. It therefore should be issued by the PC Following the guidelines, more specific technical notes will be very helpful for practitioners at lower levels as districts and communes. 8.2 Coordination of relevant agencies and the role of district PC According to the existing institutional landscape of FLA in Ea Hleo district, there are 11 main organizations involved in FLA process. It therefore needs to be simplified by decentralizing to district authority. Actually, the decree 245/1998/QD-TTg dated of the Prime ministers clearly presented that district authorities are responsible for FLA to individuals or households. In addition, according to the law of people committee and people council organization, the people committees at district level have rights to request line agencies located in district territory to coordinate FLA. It is also recommended that expansion function of existing district steering committee on land allocation will be a best solution because these committees have good experiences in agricultural land allocation so far. If they could get support as technical cooperation, financing for office expenditure they will perform their roles well. 8.3 Strengthening staff at district level This can be seen as prerequisite of FLA. The staff ARDO, LMO should have priority to be trained first. The following topics are necessary Organizational skill (conducting meetings, workshops at hamlet, commune levels) Communication skill (informing villagers government policies) 20

21 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process Participation skill (working the ethnic minority groups) Monitoring and evaluation Documentation skill At present, motivation of support from international funded projects for training is very significant. Sending trainees to become trainers could be suitable in these circumstances. 8.4 Develop a possible methodology on land measurement using GPS and aerial photos It would be very useful to reduce time consumption if we could apply GPS equipment for land measurement. Recently, a small project supported by SMRP-field office tested in dry forest has given a good result. In doing this, DL PC should support LMD where they have potential to apply new techniques. The center for cadastral and land use planning under LMD has played a role as pioneer in this field So far, DLPC has also invested a vast proportion of its budget in taking aerial photos, another following progamme should be support FDD to develop methodology in order to apply its results on FLA is needed 8.5 FLA to communities or groups where could be applicable The target groups of FLA are ethnic minority communities. Historically, they had good traditional regulations on FM. Therefore where it is applicable the DLPC should allow testing on a small scale. After test phase, lessons learnt will be advised to supplement the regulation before dissemination to larger areas. 21

22 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process 9. Appendices a. Abbreviations ARDO CWG DARD DLA DPI FDD FLA FPD FPU GDLA Kinh LAO LURC MARD MPI MOF PC PLUP PRA SFDP SFE SMRP VND Agriculture and Rural Development Office Consultative Working Group Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Department of Land Administration Department of Planning and Investment Forest Development Division Forest Land Allocation Forest Protection Department Forest Protection Unit General Department of Land Administration commonly used term to refer to ethnic Vietnamese Land Administration Office Land Use Right Certificate (or Red Book) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Ministry of Planning and Investment Ministry of Finance People's Committee Participatory Land Use Planning Participatory Rural Appraisal Social Forestry Development Project Song Da State Forest Enterprise Sustainable Management of Resources in the Lower Mekong Basin Project Vietnamese Dong b. Mandates of involved organization in FLA DARD was designated as the main implementing agency for FLA. Within DARD, it is the Forest Development Division (FDD) that provides technical guidance for FLA. The FDD oversees 48 State Forest Enterprises (SFEs), over which it enjoys direct authority. Corresponding to its mandate, the FDD has been the most important actor in FLA. The FDD has drafted the policy proposals for FLA. With support by the SMRP, FDD has also provided direct technical assistance to the SFEs implementing FLA, for example by placing a technician in Ea H'Leo SFE. The DLA is in charge of land allocation. As land allocation has so far focused on agricultural land, DLA does not have any experience in FLA. The department has a center that conducts measurements, prepares current land use maps, and conducts land use planning. The DLA has participated in the discussion of FLA policy, but has not been involved in the implementation of FLA. The DPI assigns work plans and budgetary resources to the different technical departments, following the instructions by the provincial PC. It is 22

23 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process involved in any decision that affects the work plans and financial management of the provincial authorities, thus exerting a strong influence on their operation. DPI has also demonstrated an active interest in the formulation of FLA policy. It has stayed out of implementation, besides its task to provide the required financial resources. The FPD is in charge of enforcing forest protection regulations. Its legal authority extends to forest under the jurisdiction of local authorities as well as under the control of SFEs. In practice, SFEs enforce forest protection rules on most forest land in Dak Lak. The FPD has played a marginal role in FLA so far. The PC oversees the different line departments. Its approval is required for policy decisions. Because of the pilot character of FLA, it has played a crucial role in initiating FLA and ensuring the cooperation among different line agencies. The major stakeholders in Ea H'Leo district include the SFE, the PC, the Land Administration Office (LAO), the Agriculture and Rural Development Office (ARDO), and the Forest Protection Unit (FPU). The SFE is in charge of implementing FLA. It was established in 1992, when the Ea Sup Industrial Union was broken into several smaller enterprises. Since then, it has been under the direct authority of the FDD. Though it needs to coordinate its activities with the Ea H'Leo PC, it is quite independent of the district authorities, as it receives its funds out of the provincial budget. The SFE includes 25 staff members, including eleven college graduates and five technicians. Its human resources give the SFE the strongest implementation capacity at the district level. It concentrates on the planting of rubber trees and forest management/protection. In FLA, the SFE prepared the proposal and is the sole agency in charge of implementation. The LAO oversees land allocation and administration in Ea H'Leo district. The Office includes five staff members, four technicians with vocational training and one with a university degree. The LAO currently oversees agricultural land allocation, for which it receives significant support by the DLA. The provincial center conducts all field measurements, map preparation and land use planning. The LAO has not been involved in FLA but will need to issue the LURCs at the end. The mandate of the FPU is to enforce forest protection regulations in the district. As the Unit only includes 17 staff members, it does not have the capacity to enforce forest protection regulations outside the district center. For example, the forest protection officer in charge of Ea Sol commune also has to cover another commune. Most of the violations, mostly illegal trade, are detected in the district center. In addition, despite the legal authority of the FPU, the SFE is de facto in charge of law enforcement on SFE land. For example, the forest station in Ea Sol monitors the transport of timber on the 23

24 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process road connecting the commune to the district center and has confiscated a lot of timber in the past. The FPU has not been involved in FLA. The ARDO oversees the district's programs in agriculture, forestry, and water resources development. The Office only includes five staff. It has established an Agricultural Extension Center, comprising three technicians. The Office and the Center do not have the capacity for forestry extension, which only exists at the SFE. ARDO has not been involved in FLA. The PC oversees the different offices and FPU. Its authority does not extend to the SFE, which is directly managed by DARD. It was consulted by the SFE on the FLA project. The commune-level PC comprises a chairman, a vice-chairman and several other staff positions. It includes a Land Administration Officer and a Forestry Board. The Land Administration Officer has finished secondary education, but has not received any further training thereafter, works half-time only, and disposes of very basic facilities only. The Forestry Board, established in 1990, comprises the chairman of the PC, the heads of the local militia and law enforcement unit, and a forest protection officer from the FPU. Its activities include the organization of annual campaigns for fire prevention and tree planting. It has the authority to persecute violations against forest protection, but deals with a few cases only each year. Both the Land Administration Officer and Forestry Board have not been involved in FLA. The PC has been consulted by the SFE. 24

25 Forest Land Allocation: A Learning Process References Birner, Regina, 1999, Forest Land Allocation to Households: Experiences from The Pilot Project in Dak Lak Province. Consultancy Report. Analysis of the first experiences from Ea Sol and Dak Phoi Communes. Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Dak Lak, Jan 2000, Project for State Forest Enterprises Renovation Department of Forestry in Dak Lak, 1999, Report on The Strategy for Forest Protection and Development in Dak Lak, The period (Draft report) Sikor, Thomas, 1999, Forest Land Allocation in Dak Lak: An Initial Assessment. Consultancy report. The Dak Lak People Council, Jan 2000, Report on The First Meeting of Orientation, Objectives, Tasks for Social Economic Development in Dak Lak the year

26 Dù N QU N lý bòn v ng tμi nguyªn vïng h¹ l u s«ng mª k«ng V n phßng thùc Þa bu«n ma thuét TiÕn tr nh giao Êt giao rõng cña tønh Dak Lak TiÕn tr nh ang häc hái kinh nghiöm Ng êi thùc hiön: ThS. TrÇn Ngäc Thanh iòu phèi viªn dù n Mª K«ng ¹i diön cho c n bé thùc Þa Th ng

27 Môc lôc 1. PhÇn giíi thiöu B n chêt cña ch ng tr nh giao Êt giao rõng ë tønh D k l k Qu tr nh tõ khi rõng cßn thuéc ph¹m vi qu n lý cña chýnh phñ cho Õn lóc îc giao cho d n qu n lý b o vö Tr íc Tõ Tõ Tõ n m 2000 trë i- c c ch ng tr nh cã liªn quan Õn giao Êt giao rõng Ch ng tr nh chôp nh m y bay vμ chiõn l îc ph t trión b o vö rõng Ch ng tr nh æi míi c cêu tæ chøc c c l m tr êng Ngoμi c c hé gia nh ra, giao rõng vμ cêp sæ b a á cßn îc tiõn hμnh èi víi c c céng ång, nhãm hé hay c c l m tr êng Ph n Þnh tr ch nhiöm trong qu n lý b o vö rõng (c n cø theo nghþ Þnh 245 /TTg) Qu n lý b o vö rõng th«ng qua h ng íc cña bu«n C c dù n vò qu n lý tμi nguyªn thiªn nhiªn do c c tæ chøc quèc tõ tμi trî cho thêi gian tíi sï t¹o ra c c t c nh n míi (CB-CNR) TiÕn tr nh giao Êt giao rõng tõ 1998 cho Õn thêi ióm hiön nay- mét giai o¹n thý ióm vμ tiõn tr nh häc hái kinh nghiöm Giao Êt giao rõng ë Ea H'leo-mét tiõn tr nh dμi tõ lóc khëi Çu cho Õn lóc thùc hiön Bμi häc kinh nghiöm tõ tiõn tr nh G GR

28 6.1 QuyÒn së h u rõng vμ Êt rõng TÝnh c«ng b»ng Hå s giao vμ qu n lý Êt rõng Ph n Þnh râ rμng Sù tham gia cña ng êi d n Sù phèi hîp gi a c c c quan ban ngμnh cã liªn quan Kh n ng p øng C c trë ng¹i trong tiõn tr nh thùc hiön Sù phèi hîp gi a c c c quan ban ngμnh tham gia vμo tiõn tr nh G GR ThiÕu quy tr nh thèng nhêt vò kü thuët vμ kh«ng cã chýnh s ch chia lîi lμ nguyªn nh n g y ra nhiòu cuéc tranh luën C i tiõn ph ng ph p o ¹c trªn thùc Þa vμ ph n chia l«kho nh Ph t trión nguån nh n lùc, n ng cao n ng lùc cña c n bé tham gia lμ nhiöm vô cêp b ch Chi phý thùc hiön cao sï kh«ng thó p dông m«h nh G GR trªn ph¹m vi réng C c Ò xuêt cho tiõn tr nh G GR, tønh D k l k TriÓn khai mét quy tr nh chýnh thøc h íng dén giao Êt giao rõng Kh n ng phèi hîp gi a c c c quan ban ngμnh cã liªn quan vμ vai trß cña UBND huyön N ng cao tr nh é chuyªn m«n cña c n bé cêp huyön TriÓn khai ph ng ph p o ¹c Êt b»ng c ch sö dông kü thuët GPS vμ nh m y bay Cã thó p dông h nh thøc giao Êt rõng cho céng ång hay c c nhãm hé qu n lý b o vö PhÇn phô lôc a. C c tõ viõt t¾t b. Tr ch nhiöm cña c c tæ chøc tham gia vμo tiõn tr nh giao Êt giao rõng Nh ng tμi liöu tham kh o

29 1. PhÇn giíi thiöu Giao Êt giao rõng lμ mét ch ng tr nh cã ý nghüa quan träng èi víi tønh D k l k. Trong thêi gian võa qua c c l m tr êng Ea H'leo, Lak, C Jut, Qu ng T n vμ Ea Kar tiõn hμnh giao Êt rõng cho ång bμo d n téc thióu sè sinh sèng ë Þa ph ng qu n lý b o vö, nh ng ng êi nμy îc chän tham gia ch ng tr nh v êi sèng cña hä phô thuéc nhiòu vμo rõng. DiÖn tých Êt giao lμ 7,000 ha. Trong n m nay dù kiõn sï giao thªm 3,000 ha Êt rõng cho hé gia nh vμ céng ång qu n lý b o vö. Dù n Qu n Lý BÒn V ng Tμi Nguyªn Vïng H¹ L u S«ng Mª K«ng (SMRP) hç trî cho tiõn tr nh giao Êt giao rõng thý ióm vμ thùc hiön c c b o c o cã liªn quan nh b o c o nh gi tiõn tr nh G GR do tiõn sü Thomas Sikor thùc hiön; b o c o vò c c bμi häc kinh nghiöm tõ tiõn tr nh G GR thý ióm, ë tønh D k l k cña tiõn sü Regina Birner. ChÝnh v vëy t«i sï kh«ng nh¾c l¹i nh ng néi dung mμ c c b o c o trªn Ò cëp Õn. Trong b o c o nμy t«i chø tëp trung xem xðt l¹i qu tr nh thùc hiön vμ qu tr nh thμnh lëp c c quyõt Þnh cã liªn quan Õn G GR ë tønh D k l k. T«i còng mong r»ng qua b o c o nμy cã thó gióp b¹n äc hióu îc t¹i sao tønh D k l k l¹i quyõt Þnh tiõn hμnh ch ng tr nh giao Êt giao rõng vμ cêp GiÊy Chøng NhËn QuyÒn Sö Dông Êt (hay cßn gäi lμ Sæ B a á) cho ng êi nhën rõng. Ngoμi ra tμi liöu nμy îc thùc hiön nh»m cung cêp cho éc gi bøc tranh tæng thó ngμnh l m nghiöp Dak Lak kó tõ 1975 cho Õn nay. Hy väng r»ng víi c c sù kiön îc tr nh bμy theo tr nh tù thêi gian cã thó gióp Ých cho b¹n äc cã quan t m Õn tiõn tr nh giao Êt giao rõng ë tønh D k l k. Qua b o c o nμy t«i còng muèn tr nh bμy c c nguyªn nh n t¹i sao tiõn tr nh G GR diôn ra chëm. Sau cïng víi quan ióm y lμ tiõn tr nh häc hái kinh nghiöm t«i cã mét sè Ò xuêt vμ hy väng r»ng c c Ò xuêt nμy cã thó gióp Ých phçn nμo cho tiõn tr nh giao Êt giao rõng.

30 2. B n chêt cña ch ng tr nh giao Êt giao rõng ë tønh D k l k D k l k lμ tønh duy nhêt trong c n íc tiõn hμnh giao Êt giao rõng cho hé gia nh qu n lý b o vö. Æc biöt c c hé gia nh d n téc thióu sè îc u tiªn nhën rõng trong khi tr íc y hä vèn lμ nh ng ng êi îc xem lμ khai th c rõng nhiòu nhêt. VÒ ph ng diön lþch sö mμ nãi th giao Êt giao rõng ë ViÖt Nam b¾t Çu tõ Tuy nhiªn c c hé gia nh chø îc giao Êt trèng, kh«ng cã é che phñ cña rõng. DiÖn tých cßn l¹i ( a sè lμ Êt rõng) îc giao cho c c tæ chøc nhμ n íc mμ cô thó lμ c c l m tr êng, c c c«ng ty kinh doanh hay tæ chøc b o vö rõng qu n lý. Tr íc y tμi nguyªn rõng îc xem lμ nguån vèn quan träng cña tønh D k l k. TØnh sö dông nguån lîi cã tõ rõng Ó x y dùng c së h¹ tçng, êng x v.v. ChÝnh quyòn tønh cã thó khai th c rõng bêt cø khi nμo hä cã nhu cçu. Rõng cã vai trß Æc biöt quan träng nªn tønh ph i cã biön ph p b o vö vμ kh«ng nªn giao cho c c tæ chøc kh c qu n lý. y lμ iòu cã thó hióu îc tuy nhiªn quan niöm nμy hiön nay thay æi trªn thùc tiôn vμ c trong luët ph p. Cho Õn thêi ióm hiön nay, tønh D k l k tiõn hμnh giao Êt n«ng nghiöp cho n«ng d n hay c c khu vùc t nh n. Trong khi c«ng t c giao Êt n«ng nghiöp diôn ra kh thuën lîi th giao Êt giao rõng gæp trë ng¹i c vò chýnh s ch lén qu tr nh thùc hiön. iòu nμy cã thó îc gi i thých nh sau: Tμi nguyªn rõng cã vai trß quan träng trong viöc ph t trión kinh tõ x héi cña tønh D k l k (diön tých rõng vμ Êt rõng cña c tønh lμ 1,215,205 ha chiõm kho ng 62.2% tæng diön tých rõng tù nhiªn). Chøc n ng cña rõng bao gåm: a KhÝ hëu thñy v n. b B o tån da d¹ng sinh häc. c Cung cêp s n phèm rõng. d Êt cho ång bμo d n téc thióu sè canh t c n ng réy. e N i c tró cho ng êi d n. 5

31 Rõng kh«ng îc qu n lý b o vö tèt hay rõng bþ suy tho i kh«ng chø g y nh huëng cho tønh D k l k mμ cßn c c c tønh b¹n. Ngoμi ra ng êi d n vμ ng êi qu n lý rõng khã cã sù thèng nhêt víi nhau vò qu n lý b o vö rõng, khi giao rõng cho d n qu n lý b o vö còng cã nghüa lμ sï thay æi vai trß cña l m tr êng trong thêi gian tíi. Rõng lμ nguån tμi nguyªn quan träng nh ng t¹i sao l¹i nªn giao rõng cho ng êi d n qu n lý b o vö? Mét sè éng lùc dén Õn viöc giao Êt giao rõng a. ChÝnh s ch Êt ai cña ViÖt Nam chuyón tõ ph ng thøc qu n lý tëp trung sang ph ng thøc qu n lý Þnh h íng theo c chõ thþ tr êng nh»m lμm t ng vai trß cña ng êi d n trong viöc qu n lý b o vö tμi nguyªn thiªn nhiªn. Ngoμi ra ngμnh l m nghiöp ViÖt Nam ang tiõn hμnh c i c ch theo hö thèng l m nghiöp x héi víi môc tiªu chýnh lμ t¹o niòm tin cho ng êi d n. C c nhμ lμm chýnh s ch, tønh D k l k c n cø vμo hai yõu tè trªn Ó ph t éng ch ng tr nh giao Êt giao rõng thý ióm vμ cêp Sæ B a á cho ng êi nhën. Hay nãi mét c ch kh c ch ng tr nh G GR îc thùc hiön thý ióm trong ph¹m vi khung ph p lý. Mçi chuyõn viõng th m tønh, l nh ¹o trung ng Òu bμy tá mèi quan t m Õn c«ng t c b o vö rõng cña tønh D k l k. TØnh phª duyöt nhiòu Ò xuêt nh»m t¹o iòu kiön cho ch ng tr nh G GR diôn ra thuën lîi. b. Tμi nguyªn rõng cña tønh D k l k bþ suy tho i nghiªm träng. Hμng n m cã tõ 5,000-7,000 ha rõng bþ tμn ph do c c nguyªn nh n sau y: a p lùc d n sè gia t ng. b më réng diön tých trång cμ phª, cao su. c khai th c kh«ng bòn v ng. d kh«ng cã hö thèng quy ho¹ch sö dông Êt thých hîp. e kh«ng cã nguêi lμm chñ rõng. Gi sö nh ch ng tr nh G GR thý ióm kh«ng thμnh c«ng cã kho ng 7,000 ha rõng bþ mêt i, tuy nhiªn tønh D k l k cã thó rót ra îc c c bμi häc kinh nghiöm vò ph ng ph p qu n lý b o vö rõng. c. Rõng bþ tμn ph t c éng trùc tiõp Õn m«i tr êng vμ ng êi d n sinh sèng trong tønh D k l k (h¹n h n kðo dμi trong 1997 g y h¹i cho h n 40,000 ha cμ phª hay b o lôt ë c c huyön Lak, Krong Ana, Krong Bong g y thiöt h¹i kh«ng kó xiõt). 6

32 d. Dù n DANIDA, GTZ cã c c ãng gãp ng kó c vò kü thuët lén tμi chýnh Ó tønh D k l k tiõn hμnh G GR thý ióm nh»m t m ra îc c c gi i ph p høa hñn trong qu n lý b o vö tμi nguyªn thiªn nhiªn. Nhê sù hç trî cña c c dù n trªn mμ tønh cã thó thùc hiön c c môc tiªu Ò ra trong giao Êt giao rõng. 7

33 3. Qu tr nh tõ khi rõng cßn thuéc ph¹m vi qu n lý cña chýnh phñ cho Õn lóc îc giao cho d n qu n lý b o vö Còng gièng nh c c quèc gia kh c trong thõ giíi thø ba, ngμnh l m nghiöp ViÖt Nam cã nhiòu thay æi vò c chõ qu n lý. C c sù kiön tr nh bμy theo tr nh tù thêi gian sau y gióp b¹n äc hióu îc c c thay æi trong ngμnh l m nghiöp tønh D k l k. 3.1 Tr íc 1975 Tr íc 1975 chýnh quyòn cò qu n lý nguån tμi nguyªn rõng. Tuy nhiªn c c céng ång d n téc thióu sè sinh sèng ë khu vùc vïng s u vïng xa cã quyòn qu n lý tμi nguyªn rõng ë khu vùc cña hä. Canh t c n ng réy, khai th c gç nh»m môc Ých phôc vô cho nhu cçu cña Þa ph ng îc xem lμ gi i ph p bòn v ng. Lóc nμy ch a cã p lùc vò d n sè (tæng d n sè trong thêi gian nμy lμ 350,000 ng êi sinh sèng trªn diön tých tù nhiªn lμ 2,000,000 ha). Giμ lμng c c bu«n chþu tr ch nhiöm tr«ng coi t nh h nh cña bu«n hä trong ã bao gåm c t nh h nh sö dông tμi nguyªn rõng cña d n lμng. y lμ c ch qu n lý rõng cã thó chêp nhën îc. 3.2 Tõ Sau ngμy thèng nhêt Êt n íc, tμi nguyªn rõng cña tønh D k l k îc giao l¹i cho c c l m tr êng, n vþ kinh doanh, ngμnh l m nghiöp vμ n«ng nghiöp qu n lý b o vö. Rõng bþ khai th c nhiòu v y lμ nguån lîi quan träng Ó ph t trión kinh tõ x héi. Theo íc týnh th l îng gç khai th c hμng n m v ît qu 450,000 m 3 /n m. Con sè nμy ch a kó Õn c c tr êng hîp khai th c tr i phðp gç vμ cñi hay l îng khai th c cña ng êi d n Þa ph ng nh»m p øng nhu cçu cña gia nh hä. Tõ n m , c c l m tr êng thuª c c nhãm d n téc thióu sè lμm viöc cho hä, hä cho r»ng viöc nμy gióp d n lμng æn Þnh îc n i Þnh canh vμ nhê vëy gi m îc hiön t îng canh t c du canh. Tuy nhiªn thùc tõ cho thêy iòu x y ra hoμn toμn tr i ng îc víi dù týnh cña l m tr êng, rõng vén bþ tμn ph. C c l m tr êng vμ c c n vþ kinh doanh nãi trªn lμm chñ Êt rõng nhën îc, hä îc chýnh phñ giao quyòn qu n lý b o vö tμi nguyªn rõng. iòu nμy khiõn vai trß cña c c giμ lμng trong viöc qu n lý b o vö rõng kh«ng cßn nh tr íc n a. NhiÖm vô qu n lý b o vö rõng giê y îc 8

34 giao l¹i cho c c tæ chøc l m nghiöp. T ng tù nh vëy rõng sï kh«ng îc b o vö tèt nõu vén tiõp tôc duy tr hö thèng nh tr íc y. 3.3 Tõ Khèi l îng gç khai th c gi m qua mçi n m. Mçi n m l îng gç khai th c chø cßn kho ng 200,000 m 3 do chýnh quyòn tønh cã nguån tμi chýnh do trung ng cêp hay tõ c c nguån lîi kh c. ChÝnh quyòn tønh D k l k rêt quan t m Õn ch ng tr nh b o vö rõng. iòu nμy dén Õn viöc gi i thó c c n vþ qu n lý rõng tr íc y do èn gç kh«ng cßn lμ nhiöm vô quan träng n a. C c l m tr êng vén tån t¹i nh ng cã vai trß nh lμ tæ chøc hç trî chø kh«ng ph i lμ tæ chøc kinh doanh. C c l m tr êng tiõn hμnh qu n lý b o vö rõng kh«ng mang l¹i kõt qu nh mong îi. C c céng ång Þa ph ng vén sinh sèng gçn khu vùc cã rõng tuy nhiªn hä kh«ng nhën thøc îc hä ph i cã tr ch nhiöm b o vö rõng ë khu vùc hä sinh sèng. Thªm vμo ã tø lö t ng d n sè c häc vμ t ng tù nhiªn còng lμ c c nguyªn nh n g y t c éng Õn rõng. Ng êi d n khai ph rõng Ó kiõm Êt canh t c. Canh t c n ng réy kh«ng cßn phï hîp n a do d n sè t ng nhanh còng gãp phçn lμm suy tho i rõng. Ó gi i quyõt c c vên Ò trªn, UBND tønh D k l k tiõn hμnh hîp ång kho n b o vö rõng víi d n th«ng qua ch ng tr nh 327 (ch ng tr nh nμy b¾t Çu 1993) 1. Ng êi d n tham gia nhën kho ng b o vö rõng îc tr tõ 40,000-50,000 ång/n m/ha. Sau 5 n m thùc hiön ch ng tr nh dï chi kh nhiòu kinh phý nh ng vén kh«ng mang l¹i kõt qu nh mong îi. Rõng vén tiõp tôc bþ tμn ph trong khi ã kh«ng cã ñ kinh phý Ó tiõp tôc thùc hiön ch ng tr nh. Theo b o c o th hμng n m cã tõ 5,000-6,000 ha rõng bþ biõn mêt 2. VÒ c c t c éng do mêt rõng g y ra èi víi m«i tr êng, l nh ¹o tønh ph i cã gi p ph p ng n chæn hay Ýt ra còng gi m bít îc c c nh h ëng nμy. Gi i ph p cã trión väng nhêt lμ giao Êt rõng cho d n Þa ph ng qu n lý b o vö nh»m môc Ých b o vö rõng tèt h n. Ch ng tr nh G GR thý ióm cã thó lμ gi i ph p thých hîp, v qua ch ng tr nh 1 Theo b o c o nh gi kõt qu cña ch ng tr nh 327 do Ban ChØ ¹o tønh thùc hiön, kinh phý Ó tiõn hμnh ch ng tr nh trong 6 n m ë Þa phën tønh D k l k lμ 103,968,000,000 ång (kho ng 7,426,285 «la). 2 Còng theo b o c o nμy th hμng n m cã kho ng 8,000-10,000 ha rõng bþ khai th c nh»m phôc vô nhu cçu Êt canh t c. 9

35 nμy ng êi nhën rõng vèn tr íc y lμ ng êi khai th c rõng nay trë thμnh ng êi b o vö rõng. MÆc dï ch ng tr nh thö nghiöm cã thó mang l¹i c c kõt qu kh«ng mong îi cßn h n lμ chóng ta cø Ó mæc cho rõng bþ tμn ph 3. Kinh nghiöm thu îc trong thêi kú chiõn tranh cho thêy ng êi d n Þa ph ng cã hç trî cã Ých cho chýnh quyòn. VÒ ph ng diön lþch sö, c c nhãm d n téc thióu sè cã nhiòu ãng gãp cho qu tr nh thèng nhêt Êt n íc. y còng îc xem lμ iòu kiön tiªn quyõt Ó chän nhãm môc tiªu tham gia vμo ch ng tr nh G GR thý ióm. 3.4 Tõ n m 2000 trë i- c c ch ng tr nh cã liªn quan Õn giao Êt giao rõng Trong c c n m tíi c c ch ng tr nh sau lμ ch ng tr nh quan träng cña tønh: Ch ng tr nh chôp nh m y bay vμ chiõn l îc ph t trión b o vö rõng Tμi nguyªn rõng cña tønh D k l k kh«ng chø cã mét vai trß quan träng trong viöc ph t trión kinh tõ mμ cßn cã nh h ëng nhêt Þnh Õn c c ngμnh kh c trong x héi. D k l k lμ tønh cã diön tých lín nhêt trong c n íc (phçn lín diön tých cña tønh Òu cã rõng), chýnh v vëy mμ c c t c éng do mêt rõng g y ra còng sï nh h ëng Õn ng êi d n sinh sèng ë khu vùc h¹ l u. DiÖn tých rõng cña tønh D k l k ngμy cμng bþ suy tho i nghiªm träng trong khi ã hiön nay vén ch a cã gi i ph p cho vên Ò nμy. KÓ tõ 1988, Së NN & PTNT ký hîp ång víi ViÖn Quy Ho¹ch vμ iòu Tra Rõng (FIPI) vμ Trung T m nh m y bay, Bé Quèc Phßng Ó tiõn hμnh t i kióm kª tμi nguyªn rõng. Tuy nhiªn, do iòu kiön thêi tiõt kh«ng thuën lîi cho nªn tiõn tr nh thùc hiön diôn ra chëm vμ cho Õn nay chø míi chôp äc nh cña kho ng 700,000 ha Êt (kho ng 1/3 tæng diön tých). Mäi ng êi hy väng r»ng ch ng tr nh nμy sï hoμn têt vμo cuèi n m nay vμ rót ra îc c c th«ng tin c b n Ó x y dùng îc mét quy tr nh h íng dén qu n lý b o vö vμ ph t trión rõng trong giai o¹n Ch ng tr nh æi míi c cêu tæ chøc c c l m tr êng C c l m tr êng lμ c c tæ chøc kinh doanh quan träng cña ngμnh l m nghiöp. ChÝnh v vëy c i c ch ho¹t éng nh»m gia t ng hiöu qu ho¹t éng kinh cña l m tr êng lμ mét nhiöm vô quan träng. Ph t trión s n xuêt gi vai trß quan träng trong viöc cung 3 Trong ch ng tr nh 5 triöu ha rõng míi, UBND tønh D k l k cêp 5,571,000,000 ång (kho ng 255,000 «la) Ó tr cho c c hîp ång kho n b o vö 102,022 ha Êt rõng trong n m 2000 (QuyÕt Þnh 16/2000/Q -UB do UBND tønh ban hμnh ngμy 27/1/2000) 10

36 cêp dþch vô nªn cã thó lμ nh n tè quan träng Ó thóc Èy nòn n«ng th«n tønh D k l k ph t trión. Th«ng qua ch ng tr nh æi míi c cêu tæ chøc, têt c c c l m tr êng ë tønh D k l k sï æi míi c cêu tæ chøc cña m nh thμnh mét trong 3 lo¹i h nh sau: tæ chøc kinh doanh, tæ chøc qu n lý b o vö rõng vμ tæ chøc thμnh n vþ míi 4. æi míi c cêu tæ chøc lμ mét ch ng tr nh quan träng v nã lμm thay æi c cêu ngμnh l m nghiöp tønh D k l k. Mçi l m tr êng ph i tr nh dù n c i c ch c cêu tæ chøc cña m nh lªn cho l nh ¹o Ó phª duyöt. Trong dù n nμy l m tr êng cçn ghi râ diön tých Êt rõng l m tr êng cçn Ó tiõn hμnh kinh doanh, phçn diön tých cßn l¹i îc Ò xuêt giao cho d n qu n lý b o vö Ngoμi c c hé gia nh ra, giao rõng vμ cêp sæ b a á cßn îc tiõn hμnh èi víi c c céng ång, nhãm hé hay c c l m tr êng MÆc dï giao Êt giao rõng hiön nay chø mang týnh thö nghiöm nh ng ch ng tr nh îc tiõn hμnh theo c c h íng kh c nhau. Trong tr êng hîp ë Ea H'leo, Êt rõng îc giao cho hé gia nh, ngoμi ra Êt rõng cßn îc giao cho c c céng ång vμ nhãm hé qu n lý b o vö. C c nhμ lμm quyõt Þnh, tønh D k l k cã c c ý kiõn Çu tiªn vò vên Ò nμy. Ngoμi ra nh ng l m tr êng nμo qu n lý Êt rõng mμ ch a îc nhën GiÊy Chøng NhËn QuyÒn Sö Dông Êt th sï îc cêp giêy nμy. y lμ iòu cã ý ngüa quan träng v nh dêu mét giai o¹n qu n lý b o vö rõng theo LuËt Êt ai hiön hμnh Ph n Þnh tr ch nhiöm trong qu n lý b o vö rõng (c n cø theo nghþ Þnh 245 /TTg) NghÞ Þnh quy Þnh râ tr ch nhiöm cña c c c quan ban ngμnh chýnh phñ vμ UBND d n c c cêp lμ c c tæ chøc cã liªn quan Õn ngμnh l m nghiöp. NghÞ Þnh còng Ò ra quy tr nh h íng dén qu n lý b o vö rõng vμ Æc biöt chó träng Õn kh u giao Êt giao rõng. Dù n c i c ch hμnh chýnh (REFAS) hç trî trong viöc phæ biõn nghþ Þnh nμy Õn c c tæ chøc Þa ph ng ë cêp x nh»m môc Ých gióp c c tæ chøc vμ d n lμng hióu râ nghüa vô vμ tr ch nhiöm cña m nh Qu n lý b o vö rõng th«ng qua h ng íc cña bu«n Chi côc kióm l m (CCKL) chþu tr ch nhiöm thùc hiön h ng íc b o vö rõng. UBND tønh D k l k ban hμnh quyõt Þnh 441/1999/Q -UB ngμy 2/3/1999, theo quyõt Þnh nμy th mçi x 4 Ch ng tr nh dæi míi c cçu tæ chøc îc tiõn hμnh theo quyõt Þnh 187/1999/Q -UB do thñ t íng ViÖt Nam ban hμnh ngμy 16/9/ HiÖn nay ë tønh D k l k chø cã V ên Quèc Gia Yok on vμ l m tr êng ThuËn An lμ cã GiÊy Chøng NhËn QuyÒn Sö Dông Êt. 11

37 nªn thμnh lëp mét Ban L m NghiÖp (BLN). Ban nμy hμng n m îc cêp kinh phý Ó tiõn hμnh c c ho¹t éng qu n lý b o vö rõng. Tuy nhiªn cçn hç trî nhiòu h n vò nhiöm vô cña thμnh viªn trong BLN, sù tham gia cña ng êi d n Þa ph ng vμ vai trß cña giμ lμng. C c BLN x hiön vén ch a cã c c ho¹t éng g. CÇn l u ý r»ng a phçn d n sè sinh sèng ë tønh D k l k lμ ng êi d n téc thióu sè, hä cã nhiòu kinh nghiöm vò c ch lμm viöc theo nhãm vμ hióu biõt vò êi sèng cña c c céng ång d n téc thióu sè C c dù n vò qu n lý tμi nguyªn thiªn nhiªn do c c tæ chøc quèc tõ tμi trî cho thêi gian tíi sï t¹o ra c c t c nh n míi (CB-CNR) ChÝnh phñ øc sï tμi trî cho tønh D k l k mét dù n ph t trión n«ng th«n trong thêi gian tíi. Dù n nμy cã thó b¾t Çu vμo quý 1 n m 2001 vμ cã trión väng t¹o îc ãng gãp hay c c nh n tè tiòm n ng cho ngμnh l m nghiöp tønh D k l k. Qua th o luën, hai phýa i Õn kõt luën dù n míi nμy chø tëp trung vμo trión khai vμ thö nghiöm t nh h nh thùc tiôn, c«ng cô vμ kh i niöm vò qu n lý tμi nguyªn dùa cã sù tham gia (CB-NRM) cña c c huyön îc chän. Dù n ph t trión n«ng th«n îc thùc hiön nh»m môc tiªu "Ng êi d n sinh sèng ë khu vùc vïng cao, tønh D k l k thùc hiön Qu n Lý Tμi Nguyªn Thiªn Nhiªn BÒn V ng vμ c i thiön îc êi sèng cña m nh". Môc tiªu cña dù n míi cã thó îc tr nh bμy nh sau "Ng êi d n sinh sèng ë c c vïng môc tiªu cña dù n sö dông thùc tiôn qu n lý tμi nguyªn thiªn nhiªn bòn v ng vμ cã hiöu qu ; c c tæ chøc cã liªn quan nh GOs vμ NGOs p dông c c kh i niöm vμ c«ng cô cã týnh hiöu qu Ó tiõn hμnh kõ ho¹ch ho vμ qu n lý c c ch ng tr nh ph t trión n«ng th«n ë khu vùc vïng cao". Víi träng t m ph t trión c c ph ng thøc qu n lý sö dông Êt bòn v ng ë khu vùc T y Nguyªn, dù n ph t trión n«ng th«n míi sï gãp phçn x y dùng c c kh i niöm vμ c«ng cô thùc tiôn Ó thùc hiön "Ch ng Tr nh Xo ãi Gi m NghÌo", "Ch ng Tr nh 5 triöu hecta rõng míi" vμ c c ch ng tr nh ph t trión n«ng th«n kh c do chýnh phñ Ò xuêt. 12

38 4. TiÕn tr nh giao Êt giao rõng tõ 1998 cho Õn thêi ióm hiön nay- mét giai o¹n thý ióm vμ tiõn tr nh häc hái kinh nghiöm Tr íc 1998, cã 256,000 ha Êt rõng îc c c hé gia nh nhën b o vö th«ng qua c c hîp ång kho n b o vö rõng (ch a týnh Õn diön tých Êt rõng do lùc l îng qu n éi qu n lý). Ng êi nhën îc tr 50,000 ång/ha/n m. ChÝnh phñ ViÖt Nam hç trî kinh phý Ó tiõn hμnh ch ng tr nh nμy (th«ng qua ch ng tr nh 327) nh»m c c môc tiªu sau: KhuyÕn khých ng êi d n tham gia b o vö rõng Th«ng qua ho¹t éng b o vö diön tých rõng nhën îc, t¹o iòu kiön cho c c hé d n téc thióu sè t ng thu nhëp cña hä nh»m môc Ých gi m bít t nh tr¹ng khai ph rõng Ó canh t c n ng réy N ng cao nhën thøc cña ng êi d n Þa ph ng vò c«ng t c qu n lý b o vö rõng Sau 6 n m thùc hiön ch ng tr nh G GR ( ), theo b o c o nh gi cña nhãm thùc hiön vμ ¹i diön cña c c c quan ban ngμnh cã liªn quan th 43,000 ha Êt rõng îc giao th«ng qua c c hîp ång kho n b o vö bþ ph ho¹i hoμn toμn. Còng theo b o c o nμy th nh ng khu vùc cã rõng mμ ch a îc giao kho n cho d n thëm chý cßn bþ tμn ph nhiòu h n so víi c c khu vùc îc giao cho d n. Tuy nhiªn b o c o ch a nªu îc c c th«ng tin cô thó vò vên Ò nμy. Ch ng tr nh 327 kõt thóc ét ngét trong 1999 do ch ng tr nh kh«ng mang l¹i kõt qu nh mong îi, ngoμi ra chýnh phñ kh«ng cã ñ kinh phý Ó tr cho ng êi d n nõu kðo dμi ch ng tr nh 6. Tuy nhiªn, ch ng tr nh 5 triöu ha rõng míi îc thùc hiön nh»m thay thõ cho ch ng tr nh 327. Vμo thêi ióm b o c o nμy îc thùc hiön, cã 120,000 ha Êt rõng îc kho n cho d n b o vö th«ng qua c c hîp ång kho n vμ chýnh phñ cã kõ ho¹ch chi 3,600,000,000 ång cho c«ng t c b o vö rõng trong n m 2000 (kho ng 257,142 «la). Ó cã thó rót ra îc gi i ph p thých hîp Ó qu n lý b o vö rõng cã hiöu qu, kó tõ 1998 l nh ¹o tønh D k l k quyõt Þnh tiõn hμnh ch ng tr nh thö nghiöm mμ cô thó lμ ch ng tr nh G GR thý ióm. Vμo thêi ióm nμy ch ng tr nh îc thö nghiöm t¹i hai l m tr êng Ea H'leo vμ Dak Mon. Do gæp nhiòu trë ng¹i trong 6 Kinh phý cña "ch ng tr nh 327" kh«ng chø îc sö dông cho c c ho¹t éng cña ch ng tr nh mμ cßn dïng Ó x y dùng c së h¹ tçng, tr êng häc, êng x v.v. trong khu vùc vïng dù n. 13

39 tiõn tr nh thùc hiön còng nh týnh phøc t¹p cña ch ng tr nh, nªn mét n m sau l m tr êng Dak Mon viõt mét tê tr nh cho l nh ¹o. Trong tê tr nh, l m tr êng nªu râ m nh kh«ng thó tiõn hμnh ch ng tr nh G GR n a. Sau cïng l m tr êng Ea H'leo îc giao thªm 1,000 ha Êt rõng (vèn lμ Êt cña l m tr êng Dak Mon). Nh vëy tæng diön tých Êt rõng l m tr êng Ea H'leo sï giao cho d n lμ 2,000 ha. Nh ng ý kiõn Çu tiªn vò giao Êt giao rõng xuêt hiön trong Nh t«i tr nh bμy trong phçn trªn ch ng tr nh nμy chø b¾t Çu trong 1999 ë l m tr êng Ea H'leo (diön tých giao lμ 2,000 ha) vμ sï îc tiõp tôc ë 4 l m tr êng kh c (Lak:2,000 ha; C Jót: 1,000 ha; Ea Kar: 1,000 ha vμ Qu ng T n: 1,000 ha). 14

40 5. Giao Êt giao rõng ë Ea H'leo-mét tiõn tr nh dμi tõ lóc khëi Çu cho Õn lóc thùc hiön C n cø vμo quyõt Þnh chýnh thøc sè 96/1998/Q -UB do UBND tønh ban hμnh, l m tr êng Ea H'leo b¾t Çu ch ng tr nh G GR cña m nh tõ 21/1/1998 vμ kõt thóc ch ng tr nh trong th ng 2/2000. Ó thùc hiön ch ng tr nh ngoμi 6 c n bé lμm viöc toμn thêi gian, ch ng tr nh cßn nhën îc rêt nhiòu hç trî cña nhiòu ng êi kh c. Xem bióu bªn d íi Ó râ h n vò tiõn tr nh giao Êt giao rõng cña l m tr êng Ea H'leo. TiÕn tr nh Ngμy Néi dung Môc Ých QuyÕt Þnh 21/1/1998 Giao cho l m Cung cêp h íng 96/1998/Q tr êng nhiöm vô dén c b n Ó -UB do tiõn hμnh giao l m tr êng tiõn UBND tønh thý ióm1,000 hμnh giao Êt D k l k ha Êt rõng trong giao rõng cho ban hμnh d n Þa ph ng qu n lý b o vö. QuyÕt Þnh 21/1/1998 C n cø vμo Phª duyöt kinh 41/1998/Q quyõt Þnh cña phý Ó l m -KH do Së UBND tønh D k tr êng Ea H'leo KÕ Ho¹ch l k, quyõt Þnh tiõn hμnh vμ Çu T giao cho l m ch ng tr nh ban hμnh tr êng Ea H'leo G GR thý ióm (SKH T) thùc hiön cña m nh ch ng tr nh G GR thý ióm Tê tr nh 103/1998/K H-KTN do Së KÕ Ho¹ch vμ Çu T ban hμnh L m tr êng Ea H'leo phèi hîp víi chýnh quyòn huyön tæ chøc héi th o lçn 1 (cêp huyön) 19/2/1998 H íng dén l m tr êng Ea H'leo tiõn hμnh giao Êt giao rõng cho ng êi d n 13/6/1998 Dù th o vò ph ng n G GR sï îc p dông Ó giao rõng cho d n ¹i bióu c c c quan ban ngμnh cã liªn quan c c cêp Cung cêp c c h íng dén cô thó h n cho tiõn tr nh G GR ë Ea H'leo L m tr êng tr nh chýnh s ch chia lîi Õn c c nhμ l nh ¹o ë c c cêp Ó phª duyöt tr íc khi th«ng b o Õn ng êi d n Þa ph ng 15

41 Tæ chøc héi th o t¹i UBND huyön Ea H'leo L m tr êng vμ chýnh quyòn x cïng nhau tæ chøc héi th o lçn 2 (CÊp x ) Tæ chøc héi th o t¹i UBND x Ea Sol Héi th o lçn 3 îc tæ chøc t¹i c c bu«n Tê tr nh 487/CV- KH-KTN do Së KÕ Ho¹ch vμ Çu T ban hμnh Ph t phiõu th m dß cho c c hé gia nh (CÊp hé) Héi th o lçn 4 îc tæ chøc t¹i l m tr êng tønh, huyön, x ãng gãp ý kiõn Ó x y dùng chýnh s ch chia lîi vμ c c b íc thùc hiön trong G GR 24/7/1998 Th«ng b o cô thó chýnh s ch cña ngμnh l m nghiöp cho chýnh quyòn Þa ph ng, néi dung cña chýnh s ch lμ chuyón giao tμi nguyªn rõng cho ng êi d n Þa ph ng qu n lý b o vö 30/7/1998 Th o luën cô thó víi ng êi d n ë 4 bu«n vò khu vùc rõng sï îc giao cho d n qu n lý b o vö 14/8/1998 T ng diön tých giao cña l m tr êng Ea H'leo lªn thμnh 2,000 ha Trong vßng 20 ngμy cña th ng 8/1998 Ghi nhën ý kiõn ãng gãp cña ng êi d n vμ mong îi cña hä khi tham gia vμo ch ng tr nh G GR 22/8/1998 Tr nh ý kiõn ãng gãp cña ng êi d n lªn c c nhμ l nh ¹o cêp huyön Th«ng b o dù Th o luën víi ng êi d n vò chýnh s ch G GR, t m hióu nguyön väng cña hä khi tham gia nhën Êt rõng vμ ghi nhën ý kiõn ãng gãp cña hä m b o d n lμng, giμ lμng c c bu«n hióu îc chýnh s ch G GR cña nhμ n íc L m tr êng Ea H'leo îc nhën thªm 1,000 ha do l m tr êng Dak Mon tõ chèi kh«ng thùc hiön G GR n a m b o r»ng chýnh s ch giao Êt giao rõng cña chýnh phñ phï hîp víi nguyªn väng cña c c hé tham gia nhën rõng Thu hót UBND huyön tham gia vμo tiõn tr nh G GR 16

42 Héi th o lçn 5 îc tæ chøc t¹i Së NN & PTNT Dù th o vò chýnh s ch G GR lçn 1 (sau khi nhën îc ý kiõn ãng gãp tõ c c cêp bªn d íi) Tê tr nh 979/CV- NN-PTNT do Së NN & PTNT ban hμnh Tê tr nh 257/CV- NN-PTNT do Së NN & PTNT ban hμnh Héi th o lçn 6 îc tæ chøc t¹i th o vò chýnh s ch l m nghiöp liªn quan Õn tiõn tr nh G GR vμ kõ ho¹ch G GR îc sù chêp thuën cña UBND huyön tr íc khi tr nh lªn tønh Ó phª duyöt 29/8/1998 Phª duyöt ph ng n G GR do l m tr êng Ea H'leo Ò xuêt tr íc khi tr nh dù th o G GR lªn cêp trªn 14/9/1998 Nh ng nhën xðt vò ph ng n G GR vμ chýnh s ch h ëng lîi (dù th o lçn 1) 16/3/1999 NhËn xðt vò ph ng n G GR vμ th o luën nªn giao h¼n Êt rõng hay giao kho n rõng cho d n i¹ ph ng qu n lý th«ng qua c c hîp ång kho n (dù th o lçn 2) 10/4/1999 Th o luën víi ¹i diön c c c quan ban ngμnh îc sù chêp thuën cña Së NN & PTNT tr íc khi tr nh gëi dù th o vò ph ng n G GR cho c c c quan ban ngμnh cã liªn quan Th o luën Ó t m ra gi i ph p G GR thých hîp Th o luën nªn giao h¼n Êt rõng hay giao kho n rõng cho d n Þa ph ng qu n lý th«ng qua c c hîp ång kho n? Th o luën víi c c tæ chøc cã liªn quan ë cêp tønh 17

43 Së NN & PTNT Héi th o lçn 7 îc tæ cøc t¹i Së NN & PTNT Héi th o lçn 8 îc tæ chøc t¹i Së NN & PTNT Héi th o lçn 9 îc tæ chøc t¹i Së NN & PTNT KhuyÕn nghþ cña liªn së: Së NN & PTNT, SKH T, Së Þa ChÝnh (tê tr nh cña liªn së cêp tønh vò vên Ò nªn giao h¼n Êt rõng hay giao kho n, gi i ph p chia lîi gi a bªn giao vμ bªn nhën (dù th o lçn 3) 18/4/1999 Th o luën Ó chønh söa mét sè néi dung trong ph ng n G GR îc Ò xuêt (dù th o lçn 4) 25/5/1999 Th o luën Ó chønh s a mét sè néi dung cña ph ng n G GR îc Ò xuêt (dù th o lçn 5) 20/7/1999 UBND tønh yªu cçu kióm tra l¹i týnh thých hîp cña ph ng n G GR, sau khi cã nh ng söa æi liöu nã cßn phï hîp víi mong îi cña ng êi d n hay kh«ng 14/8/1999 Tháa thuën sau cïng cña 3 së vò ph ng n G GR do l m tr êng Ea H'leo Ò xuêt ngoμi Së NN & PTNT TiÕn hμnh th o luën víi Së T Ph p, Së Khoa Häc C«ng NghÖ vμ M«i Tr êng, ¹i diön ng ñy C c së: Së NN & PTNT, Së KÕ Ho¹ch vμ Çu T, Së Þa ChÝnh cïng nhau i Õn mét thèng nhêt chung vò ph ng n G GR îc Ò xuêt tr íc khi tr nh lªn UBND tønh Ó phª duyöt KiÓm tra é thých hîp cña ph ng c Ò xuêt, sau khi cã nh ng söa æi liöu nã cßn phï hîp víi mong îi cña ng êi d n hay kh«ng ChuÈn bþ tr nh ph ng n G GR lªn tønh Ó phª duyöt 18