CHEM-E2115 Wood Products: Application and Performance Life cycle assessment case studies at Aalto University

Transcription

1 CHEM-E2115 Wood Products: Application and Performance Life cycle assessment case studies at Aalto University Lauri Linkosalmi, doctoral candidate Clean Technologies Research Group

2 Life cycle performance of a lamp Halogen lamp, 370 lumen 28 W 2000 h 1,90 /lamp h (12,5 lamp) = 23, h x 28 W = 700 kwh 700 kwh x 0,0611 /kwh + 23,75 = 66,52 Led lamp, 400 lumen 6,3 W h 9,90 /lamp h (1 lamp) = 9, h x 6,3 W = 157,5 kwh 157,5 kwh x 0,0611 /kwh + 9,90 = 19,52 2

3 Case: KoskiCrown plywood 3

4 Forestry & logging Log transportation Log storage & measures Soaking Debarking KoskiCrown plywood Leena Haaparanta, 2011, Life cycle assessment of plywood process Carbon footprint of two plywood products, Master thesis Cutting-off Lathering Veneer cutting Sorting of face veneers Drying & sorting Jointing, Patching Gluing and laying up Pre-pressing Hot-pressing Coating Trimming Sanding Coated plywood products Cutting to size Grading Grading & filling Uncoated plywood products Edge sealing & packaging Warehouse Dispatch 4

5 KoskiCrown plywood GWP is 231 kg CO2e/m3 (When the density is 680 kg/m 3 and moisture content is 7-12 %) 5

6 6

7 Case: Allocation of sawmill products Linkosalmi Lauri & Kairi Matti Wood-based building products environmental assessment according to the environmental product declaration standard. Paper & Presentation. World Conference on Timber Engineering WCTE 2014, Quebec City, Canada. 7

8 Allocation of sawmill products Greenhouse gas emissions of the sawmill products Three different assessment methods for production phase Factor 1: Allocation based on physical values of products (e.g. volume or mass) Factor 2: Allocation based on economic value of sawmill products Factor 3: Allocation is avoided and all burdens from production phase are allocated to the main product (sawn timber) 8

9 Allocation of sawmill products 3 different allocation methods System boundary 9

10 Allocation of sawmill products ~67% of emissions are allocated to sawn timber ~62% of emissions are allocated to sawn timber ~47% of emissions are allocated to sawn timber Factor 1: Allocation based on physical values Factor 2: Allocation based on economic values Factor 3: All burdens are allocated to the main product 10

11 Case: Picco Chair 11

12 Picco Chair Hilppa Junnikkala, 2011, Julkisten tilojen kalusteiden hiilijalanjäljen laskenta Case Picco / Kari, Master Thesis Picco 316 Chair materials Material Mass (kg) % Wood 3,32 40,8 % Metal 3,36 41,3 % Plastic 0,44 5,4 % Chemicals 0,80 9,8 % Textile 0,22 2,7 % Sum 8, % 12

13 Picco Chair Hilppa Junnikkala, 2011, Julkisten tilojen kalusteiden hiilijalanjäljen laskenta Case Picco / Kari, Master Thesis Picco 316 Chair materials Material Mass (kg) % Wood 3,32 40,8 % Metal 3,36 41,3 % Plastic 0,44 5,4 % Chemicals 0,80 9,8 % Textile 0,22 2,7 % Sum 8, % 13

14 Picco Chair Greenhouse gas emission Hilppa Junnikkala, 2011, Julkisten tilojen kalusteiden hiilijalanjäljen laskenta Case Picco / Kari, Master Thesis Packaging 1 % Picco 316 Chair GWP Material kg CO 2 -Equiv. Mass (kg) Wood 16 % Wood 3,389 3,32 Metal 3,874 3,36 Plastic 2,062 0,44 Chemicals 2,657 0,80 Textile 9,573 0,22 Packaging 0,263 0,08 Sum 21,82 8,22 Textile 44 % Chemicals 12 % Plastic 9 % Metal 18 % 14

15 Case: Box buildings Takano Atsushi, Winter Stefan, Hughes Mark, Linkosalmi Lauri Comparison of life cycle assessment databases: A case study on building assessment. Building and Environment, volume 79, pp

16 Box buildings 16

17 Box buildings three different structures 17

18 Box buildings data comparison Choise of data influence on the results of assessment 18

19 Box buildings Greenhouse gas emissions 19

20 Case: Symbiosis products Husgafvel Roope, Karjalainen Essi, Linkosalmi Lauri, Dahl Olli Recycling industrial residue streams into a potential new symbiosis product - The case of soil amelioration granules. Journal of Cleaner Production, volume 135, pp

21 Symbiosis products 21

22 Symbiosis products Table 4. Greenhouse gas emissions of the granulated symbiosis products and NPK-fertilizer. Total GWP/1000 kg Fossil GWP/1000 kg Symbiosis fertilizer kg CO2-equiv. NPK-fertilizer kg CO2-equiv. 22

23 Case: Wall elements carbon footprint 23

24 Wall elements carbon footprint 24

25 Wall elements carbon footprint Carbon footprint 29 kg fos CO 2 e / m 2 external wall Joensuun Elli 870 m 3 CLT Carbon storage 80 kg CO 2 e / m 2 external wall 25

26 Wall elements carbon footprint Carbon footprint 35 kg fos CO 2 e / m 2 external wall Vantaa Nikinmäki BoKlok light frame structure Carbon storage ~15 kg CO 2 e / m 2 external wall 26

27 Case: Holz4 four story apartment building Takano Atsushi, Hafner Annette, Linkosalmi Lauri, Ott Stephan, Hughes Mark, Winter Stefan Life cycle assessment of wood construction according to the normative standards. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, volume 73, pp

28 Holz4 28

29 Holz4 29

30 Holz4 30

31 Case: Nearly Zero Energy House 31

32 Carbon footprint of a building Regular house MATERIALS PRODUCTION Regular house TRANSPORTATION & CONSTRUCTION USE OF BUILDING END-OF-LIFE Carbon footprint (kg CO 2 /m 2 ) 50 years Source: ECO2 Wood in carbon efficient construction,

33 Carbon footprint of a building Passive house MATERIALS PRODUCTION Passive house TRANSPORTATION & CONSTRUCTION USE OF BUILDING END-OF-LIFE Carbon footprint (kg CO 2 /m 2 ) 50 years Source: ECO2 Wood in carbon efficient construction,

34 Carbon footprint of a building nzeb MATERIALS PRODUCTION Nearly Zero Energy Building? TRANSPORTATION & CONSTRUCTION USE OF BUILDING END-OF-LIFE Carbon footprint (kg CO 2 /m 2 ) 50 years 34

35 Case study summary Comprehensive assessment help to define improving points Process steps Material selection Energy efficiency Energy form Use of data and methods need to be transparent Reliability Comparison of studies 35

36 Questions? Lauri Linkosalmi doctoral candidate Clean Technologies Research Group Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems