Production of Biomass for Energy from Sustainable Forestry Systems: Canada and Europe

Transcription

1 Production of Biomass for Energy from Sustainable Forestry Systems: Canada and Europe Jim Richardson Poplar Council of Canada and IEA Bioenergy Task 31 Short Rotation Crops International Conference August 20, 2008

2 Outline Biomass types and sources Forest biomass for energy Sustainability of production Canada and Sweden Global change issues IEA Bioenergy Task 31 Poplar Council of Canada

3 Biomass Types Energy plantations Forest residues Forest industry residues Agricultural crops & residues Animal wastes Municipal solid waste

4 Biomass Types Energy plantations Forest residues Forest industry residues Agricultural crops & residues Animal wastes Municipal solid waste

5 Bioenergy end-uses Heat Electricity Liquid or gaseous fuels

6 Global Status of Forests & Energy Forests are the main source of energy globally for domestic use & many industries Biofuels provide 14% world s s primary energy 60% of wood removals are for energy. BUT forest cover declining: -9.4 M ha/yr SO, need to ensure sustainable forestry practices

7 Global Wood Consumption Million m Developed countries Developing countries Fuelwood & charcoal Industrial wood

8 The Bioenergy Production Cycle

9 Technical issues Harvesting - integration, timing, moisture loss, dry matter loss Transportation - comminution and compaction Equipment - mechanization Supply chain

10 Residue Bundler

11 Environmental issues Nutrient removal Soil compaction Water management Biodiversity Carbon dioxide

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13 Biodiversity Impact similar to conventional harvesting Woody debris Land use change energy plantations

14 Social issues Employment Agroforestry Rural development Remote communities

15 Remote Communities Canada s s north Forest-based communities - with energy needs and high energy costs Benefits of bioenergy: community self-sufficiency sufficiency reduced costs employment sympathetic to forest-based culture

16 Economic issues Costs capital operating Policies and regulations incentives barriers

17 Policies & regulations Forest fuel harvesting Fertilizing (wood ash) Wood fuel use Land use Siting and permitting

18 Solutions for Sustainability Environmental Management Systems (EMS) Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Forest certification schemes (FSC, PEFC, )

19 Energy statistics (Source: IEA 2005) Sweden Germany Canada USA Population (M) TPES (Mtoe( Mtoe) TPES per capita Renewables (%) Bioenergy (Mtoe) Bioenergy (%)

20 Canada: Biomass resources Industrial/mill residues Forest residues Fire/insect kill Agricultural residues Municipal waste construction/demolition wood Energy crops

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22 Sweden Small country, small population, much forest (55%) Forest production 152 M m 3 /year Current use 90 M m 3 /year (primarily to conventional industry) Annual forest harvest 88% conventional industrial roundwood 12% firewood, harvest residues for energy 45% directly or indirectly to energy use

23 Global Climate Change Increasing risk to forestry But possibly more material for energy production Natural disturbances Insect pests Severe weather events

24 Canada: Mountain Pine Beetle British Columbia 60 M ha productive forest land 69 M m 3 /year AAC MPB» K ha MPB M ha 2013 all lodgepole pine killed (9 M m 3 ) Harvesting shift to salvage dead trees Bioenergy opportunity

25 Sweden: Hurricane Gudrun annual national felling in 1 night in a limited area in South Sweden Secondary problem massive bark beetle infestation Salvage logging

26 Salvage logging: 1 M m 3 (Source: Caren Dyment) Caren Dyment, CFS

27 IEA Bioenergy Task 31 Biomass Production for Energy from Sustainable Forestry Website:

28 Objective To share, analyse,, synthesize, disseminate and promote scientific knowledge and technical information leading to the economically and environmentally sustainable production of biomass for energy from integrated forestry systems.

29 Issues addressed Availability of forest biomass for energy production Development and implementation of knowledge of forest biomass supply chain Reducing costs of biomass production and developing improved economic analyses Criteria and indicators for sustainable development of energy production from forestry

30 Activities International scientific workshops Case studies and policy-oriented oriented papers Information dissemination Collaboration

31 Participating Countries Canada Denmark Finland Germany Netherlands Norway Sweden United Kingdom United States

32 Poplar Council of Canada A national non-profit organization with membership from industry, land owners, universities, research institutions, and federal and provincial governments. PCC has been committed to the wise use, conservation, and sustainable management of Canada's private and public poplar resources since Website:

33 Information and Services Annual technical meetings Newsletters Reports and publications Research needs assessment Working Groups Genetics & Breeding Pesticide Registration International International Poplar Commission

34 Poplars and Willows in the World: meeting the needs of society and the environment Editors: J.G. Isebrands & J. Richardson Published by: FAO/IPC Available on-line from end 2008

35 Objective To produce a major update of the previous (1980) edition of the FAO publication on poplars and willows in an accessible format,, providing a practical worldwide overview and guide to their basic characteristics, cultivation and use as well as issues, problems and trends relating to poplars and willows.

36 Contents Preface 1. Introduction 2. Poplars & willows in the world 3. Natural ecosystems 4. Genetic resources 5. Industrial plantations 6. Environmental uses 7. Abiotic risks 8. Diseases 9. Animal pests 10. Properties and utilization 11. Markets, trends and outlook 12. Sustainable rural development 13. Conclusions Appendices A. Research agencies, institutions & organizations B. Bibliography C. Index D. Glossary

37 Thank you!