Integrated Ecosystem Mapping Cluster/Project: Programme

Transcription

1 ANNEX-I Assignment Information TERMS OF REFERENCE Individual Contractor Assignment Title: Geographic Information System (GIS) Specialist for Integrated Ecosystem Mapping Cluster/Project: Programme Post Level: Specialist Contract Type: Individual Contractor (IC) Duty Station: Phnom Penh Expected Place of Travel: N/A Contract Duration: 45 days, from May to July 31, 2016 Project Description Background: Towards inclusive and sustainable development pathways Cambodia is rapidly transiting from a low to a middle-income country. The Gross National Income per capita is USD 950 with an annual GDP growth of 7.4 percent (World Bank 2013). Economic developments have been accompanied by a rapid expansion of Economic Land Concessions (ELCs), Social Land Concessions (SLCs), hydropower dams, mining and road building in rural areas. While they have brought some important economic benefits, they raise concerns over the growing pressure on ecosystems and rural livelihoods. For example, forest coverage declined from 73% in 1965 to only 57% in 2011 (FA 2011). Aside from leading to the loss of biodiversity and species at risk, the depletion and degradation of ecosystems have other effects. Not least, it constitutes a significant threat to the livelihoods of rural people, especially the poor who are highly dependent on the continued viability of ecosystems for their livelihoods. 80% of the Cambodian population is estimated to reside in rural areas. They collect fuelwood for daily cooking, timber for house construction, fish, and Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) for subsistence and income. Women are particularly dependent on ecosystem goods and services for livelihoods and domestic responsibilities. It is also notable that most rural people are subsistence farmers exercising rain-fed agriculture. They are subject to growing threats from climate change effects with increasing incidents of droughts, floods, and windstorms, and rising sea levels. At the time of droughts or floods, ecosystems provide a crucial safety net by offering supplemental or alternative sources of income. By regulating water flows and reducing agricultural and residential damage from flooding and droughts, watersheds offer another kind of safety. Hence, the loss and deterioration of ecosystems will increase the risk that rural people lose their livelihood bases and subsequently fall back into poverty. Moreover, a growing volume of empirical evidence suggest that environmentally harmful developmental activities are less effective in lifting people out of poverty than initially expected. Furthermore, a recent GERES report (2015) highlights an unsustainable level of fuelwood consumption with the growing risk of further forest degradation. According to their estimates, the annual fuelwood demand is around 5.5 million tones, out of which 2.9 million tones is used for domestic cooking in rural areas, and the rest is used for industries including garment factories. The study calls for urgent policy interventions to reduce fuelwood demand for example by increasing fuelwood energy efficiency, and by promoting energy substitution. In order to address these challenges, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has embarked upon an environmental governance reform, which builds on three pillars of activities: 1) MoE modernization: In May 2015, the RGC issued a sub-decree on the new structure of MOE to improve its Page 1 of 10

2 effectiveness in managing natural resources and environment. The Ministry has also announced its goal to develop the National Environmental Strategy and Action Plan ( ) to mainstream environmental concerns into lineministry policies and planning. 2) The National Council of Sustainable Development (NCSD): In May 2015, the RGC issued a royal decree to establish the NCSD. The NCSD is envisaged to facilitate high-level political decisions on issues relating to sustainable development that concern more than one ministry. 3) Development of an Environmental Code: In March 2015, the RGC announced its goal to develop an Environmental Code. The Code aims to establish overarching legal principles to guide the implementation of existing laws for the achievement of sustainable development. The Code will propose statutory changes to ensure legal harmonization and to clarify the roles and mandates for governing natural resources among different ministries. The centrepiece of the Code will be a new Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) law. Furthermore, in February, 2016, the Prime Minister announced a jurisdictional reform of NRM, focusing initially upon redefining the roles of the MoE and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery (MAFF). It was proposed that the MoE will take on the primary mandate of protection and conservation of NRM and will change its name to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) while the MAFF will focus on the developmental aspects of NRM. In practice, this means community forestry and all protection forests (PFs) including areas proposed for PFs will be transferred from the MAFF to the MoE. And the MoE will transfer ELCs to MAFF. In response to the jurisdictional reform, the MOE is currently devising a strategy to create conservation corridors, connecting areas under the Protection Forests (to be transferred from MAFF) and the areas under the Protected Areas (under MoE). While all of these activities contribute to the RGC s efforts to achieve sustainable development, further information and analyses are required both for developing effective policies and strategies for sustainable land management and for effective monitoring of the status of environment. For example, the process of creating conservation corridors is highly likely to require specially referenced data to identify precise locations of endangered species, biodiversity hotspots, and critical ecosystems to ensure that any proposed boundaries will provide sufficient coverage for these locations. It is also anticipated that monitoring of environmental impacts of developmental projects, policies and laws will require spatially explicit information and a spatial data management infrastructure. Currently, different government bodies, NGOs and international organizations have collected a range of environmental spatial data sets and analysis methods. However, much of the potentially relevant data and analytical methods have not been comprehensively assessed for suitability for supporting development decisions nor has a gap assessment been conducted to identify additional data development requirements. One of the consequences of these omissions has been the allocation of areas for development purposes (such as ELCs, hydropower, roads and mining) without adequate knowledge of their potentially adverse impacts on biodiversity, endangered species and rural livelihoods. Absence of consolidated data sets at the national level also makes it difficult for policy makers to make decisions to designate areas for conservation, developmental activities, and community based tenure. Thus, there is an urgent need (a) to identify and consolidate suitable data on ecosystems, biodiversity, land suitability, climate change, rural livelihoods, and developmental activities; (b) determine additional data requirements to meet DSS objectives; and (c) develop new datasets to meet the additional requirements identified. One such identified gap is a need to predict future land use changes due to population growth, economic development, climate changes and other factors. Another gap is a need to develop analysis methods, collect spatially explicit data, and generate datasets to determine vulnerability of rural communities to climate change effects. Given that climate changes are likely to have differential impacts on rural communities depending on geographical locations, commune, district, and provincial level land use planning need to take anticipated climate change impacts into consideration and to devise a set of adaptation and coping strategies. Use of such data for proposing statutory changes should be guided by both a Decision Support System (DSS). DSS is a spatially explicit decision making tool to assist decision makers in visualizing and identifying certain areas suitable for specific land uses, such as areas for (a) conservation and protection efforts, (b) certain agricultural crops, (c) community tenure, and (d) Page 2 of 10

3 developmental activities. Furthermore the underlying database will also need to provide an ongoing spatial reference to support the EIA process (e.g. critical habitat, endangered species). Overall objectives of the integrated ecosystem mapping initiative: The overall objective of this initiative is to enhance inter-ministerial collaboration in designating and sustainably managing land uses that recognize both development and environmental conservation needs. Tools for land use mapping and decision-making will be developed through facilitating the following activities: 1. Create a nationwide integrated ecosystem map with overlays of land tenure and land uses, forest cover, key biodiversity areas, climate change vulnerability areas, agricultural areas, and development activities (e.g. ELCs, agriculture, mining, hydro power). 2. Design and establish Decision Support System (DSS)s to guide land use decisions. 3. Enhance the capacity of government institutions for data sharing, management and decision-making. Figure 1. Integrated Ecosystem Mapping Initiative Data 1 Data 2 Data 3 Institutional Strengthening for Data management Integrated Ecosystem Maps Decision Support System (DSS) Enhanced collaboration for environmental management and land use planning To date, an advisory group was formed in November 2015 to oversee and guide the processes of the integrated ecosystem mapping initiative where UNDP has played a coordination role. Aside from UNDP, members of the group include officers from the Ministry of Environment (MoE) and the National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD), Conservation International, Fauna and Flora International (FFI), Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Wildlife Alliance, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Winrock International, World Food Programme (WFP), World Wildlife Fund (WWF). It has been proposed that this group will be later turned into a formal Ecosystem mapping working group led by the government. The first round of data collection has been completed to consolidate spatially referenced data and related information that are held by NGOs and international organizations. Thus far, participating organizations for data sharing included Conservation International, Fauna and Flora International, IUCN, Open Development Cambodia, Wildlife Alliance, WCS, Winrock International, WFP and WWF. As a result of the initial work, the following priority objectives have been proposed for DSSs: Establishment of sustainable ecosystem network that effectively integrates the objectives of conservation, production and climate resilience: This activity entails the following steps: Page 3 of 10

4 Demarcate the jurisdictional boundaries between conservation corridors, production areas and green economy (i.e. for biomass, agriculture, renewable energy, tourism). Assess the relative environmental, economic and social values of different ecosystem services and vulnerability (status and trend) of these services to climate change and economic activities. Based on the assessment of environmental, economic and social values of different ecosystems, and tradeoffs between these values, determine conservation and developmental priorities across different ecosystem services, in each of proposed conservation corridors, and production areas. Given the priorities, determine the appropriate sustainable management arrangements required and classify the conservation landscapes and corridors into different zones, and production areas accordingly. Creation of conservation corridors and zones within the corridors: Support the refinement (expansion/shrinking) of the boundaries for biodiversity corridors proposed by the MoE Creation of production networks that are complementary to the objectives of the conservation corridors EIA social and environmental assessment: Assist high level political decisions on land uses and assist EIA assessments to evaluate costs and benefits of economic development and conservation and to propose mitigation measures The following priority data sets have been identified (see annex 1 for potential data sources). No. Types of data Related questions 1 Biodiversity conservation Endangered species How much of the areas important for biodiversity are under some kind of protected area status (e.g. proposed corridors)? And within that, how do the different jurisdictions with areas under protection 2 Forest cover/ land use maps and tenure (2014) (24 classification) 3 Watershed function (water supply, sediment and nutrient retention) and classification compare for their level of that biodiversity? Where are different types of forests located? Where are the high priority areas for Timber, NTFPs, and carbon sequestration? Which of those are under greatest threat from deforestation? Which ELCs have the most or the least intact forest remaining and might therefore be better candidates for faster restoration? Which of the ELCS and/or areas under protection that are already degraded could be targeted for sustainable timber production? Which watershed areas are particularly important in regulating water flows and providing buffers at the time of floods and droughts? What is the relationship between water and sediment flows, potential diversion of those flows related to specific hydropower and irrigation projects, and also what are the subsequent impacts on fisheries for the Tonle Sap and rice production for the basin? 4 Fisheries Where are habitats of different aquatic species? Where are the high priority areas for fishery, and which of those are under greatest threat from over-exploitation? 5 Soil types, productivity and suitability for key crops (e.g. rice, cassava, rubber, sugar, pepper) What are types and productivity of different land areas? What are suitability of soils for different crops? 6 Livelihoods What are major livelihood activities of local population? how do they depend on natural resources, and which areas can be targeted for Community Forests, Community Protection Areas development What are current and projected demand of the local population for lands and natural resources? 7 Cultural heritage sites Where are sites of cultural and social significance? Are they under protection status? 8 Present and projected climate change vulnerable areas (by flooding and droughts) Which areas are most vulnerable for climate change impacts such as flooding and droughts (current and projected)? Page 4 of 10

5 9 Location of existing and planned development (ELCs, infrastructures, roads, hydropower, irrigation dams) 10 Census/Populated places/population pressure/lights at night Where are existing and planned development? What are estimated economic impacts/values of the development? What are current and projected trend of population growth in different areas? What are current and projected demands for lands and natural resources in different areas? What are the status of electrification in different areas? Scope of Work Building on the results from the first round data collection, this assignment aims to consolidate all existing geographical information that are held by: NGOs, international organizations and research institutions: Asian Development Bank, FAO, United Nations of Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), WCS, Winrock, WorldFish, Mekong River Commission (MRC), Servir Mekong, Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP), and Royal University of Agriculture (RUA) Government agencies: MoE (jurisdiction of PFs, Protected Areas, community forestry and community protected areas), Forestry Administration (forest cover map) and Fishery Administration (fish related maps),from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery (MAFF), the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM) (Water, Tonle Sap lake), the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Energy (MIME) (mine, energy, hydropower), the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning & Construction (MLMUPC) (ELCs, SLCs, roads) This activity requires: Collecting and assessing the spatial data provided Creating an archive to save all the collected data and information Systematic organization of raw data, shape files, remote sensing data Recording of methodologies and definitions that were used for developing maps Producing a report summarizing the datasets collected and a gap assessment of available spatial data against the proposed DSSs. Expected Outputs and Deliverables Consolidation of the spatial data from additional NGOs, international organizations and research institutions including FAO, UNESCO, ADB, WCS, Winrock, WorldFish, MRC, Servir Mekong, RUPP and RUA (additional agencies may be added). This includes 1) an archive to save all the collected data and information,2) recording of methodologies and definitions that were used for developing maps, 3) production and presentation of a report summarizing the datasets collected and a gap assessment of available spatial data for comments and 4) incorporating comments into final products.. Consolidation of the spatial data from Government agencies (additional agencies may be added): MoE (jurisdictions of PF, PAs, community forestry and community protected areas), FA (forest cover map), FiA (fish related maps), MOWRAM (water, Tonle sap lake), MIME (mine, energy, hydropower), MLMUPC (ELCs, SLCs, roads). This includes 1) an archive to save all the collected data and information, 2) recording of methodologies and definitions that were used for developing maps, 3) production of a report summarizing the datasets collected and a gap assessment of available spatial data and 4) incorporating comments into final products. Page 5 of 10

6 N Deliverables/Outputs Estimated Duration to Complete 1 Consolidation of the spatial data from additional NGOs, international organizations and research institutions such as FAO, UNESCO, ADB, WCS, Winrock, WorldFish, MRC, Servir Mekong, RUPP and RUA. This includes 1) an archive to save all the collected data and information,2) recording of methodologies and definitions that were used for developing maps 3) production and presentation of a report summarizing the datasets collected and a gap assessment of available spatial data and 4) incorporation of comments into final products 2 Consolidation of the spatial data from Government agencies (additional agencies may be added) such as MoE (jurisdictions of PFs, Protected areas, community forestry and community protected areas), FA (forest cover map), FiA (fish related maps), MOWRAM (water, Tonle sap lake), MIME (mine, energy, hydropower), MLMUPC (ELCs, SLCs, roads). This includes 1) an archive to save all the collected data and information, 2) recording of methodologies and definitions that were used for developing maps and 3) production and presentation of a report summarizing the datasets collected and a gap assessment of available spatial data and 4) incorporation of comments into final products Total number of days: 45 days Institutional Arrangement Target Due Dates Review and Approvals Required 25 days June 15, 2016 MoE advisor Assistant Country Director of UNDP 20 days July 15, 2016 MoE advisor Assistant Country Director of UNDP Roles of the international GIS consultant The consultant shall work with a national expert for consolidation of existing maps The consultant shall work under and have regular meetings with the MoE advisors for the integrated ecosystem mapping, a technical specialist of Cambodia Climate Change Alliance and UNDP staff assigned to work on the Integrated Ecosystem Mapping to inform the progress of the works The consultant shall report on/submit the above deliverables to advisors of the Ministry of Environment (MoE) as well as to UNDP Cambodia for comments. The consultant needs to maintain daily communication with the MoE advisors and UNDP Country Office as and when problems emerge during the consultancy period, especially if they affect the scope of the job. Roles of the MOE advisors for the Ecosystem Mapping MoE advisors will oversee the nature of work and work plans of the consultancy MoE advisors provide quality assurance for the services that the consultant provides for the development of DSS Roles of the Ecosystem Mapping Working Group composed of the government and development partners The group will provide overall quality assurance for this consultancy. Roles of the UNDP Country Office The Country Office will organize regular review meetings to invite the working group (or an advisory group). This includes preparation of agenda, participant lists, booking venues, sending invitation letters, preparation of banners, inviting speakers. The County Office will review the deliverables for payment release Page 6 of 10

7 Duration of the Work 45 days, and from May to July 31, 2016 Duty Station: Phnom Penh Selected individual contract(s) who is expected to travel to the Country Office (CO) to undertake the assignment in the country (Cambodia) is required to undertake the Basic Security in the Field (BSIF) training ( prior to travelling. CD ROMs must be made available for use in environments where access to technology poses a challenge. i Minimum Qualifications of the Individual Contractor Education: Experience: Competencies: Language At minimum, a bachelor s degree in GIS, Geography, or other related field At least 7 years of experience with spatial planning including GIS analyses. Prior experience in Environmental Analysis and Mapping by mapping locations of natural features and phenomena such as soil type, forestation, species, waterways, and floodplains. Prior experience with consolidating, managing and updating spatial databases Prior working experience in Cambodia is a plus Knowledge of various data systems and DSS methods applied to conservation, development and spatial planning, including protocols of access, usage and security Professional specialization in GIS, spatial planning and database management applied to conservation including consolidating, managing and updating spatial databases Fluency in English Language; knowledge of Khmer is an asset. Criteria for Evaluation of Level of Technical Compliance of Individual Contractor Technical Evaluation Criteria Obtainable Score Bachelor s or above degree in in GIS, Geography, or other related field 10 At least 7 years of experience with spatial planning including GIS analyses; 20 Prior experience with consolidating, managing and updating spatial databases 25 and prior working experience in Cambodia is a plus. Prior experience in Environmental Analysis and Mapping by mapping locations 25 of natural features and phenomena such as soil type, forestation, species, waterways, and floodplains. Knowledge of various data systems and DSS methods applied to conservation, 10 development and spatial planning, including protocols of access, usage and security Professional specialization in GIS, spatial planning and database management 10 applied to conservation including consolidating, managing and updating spatial databases Total Obtainable Score: 100 Page 7 of 10

8 Payment Milestones The consultant will be paid on a lump sum basis under the following installments. N Outputs/Deliveries Payment Schedule Payment Amount 1 Upon satisfactory completion of June 30, % consolidation of the spatial data from additional NGOs, international organizations and research institutions: FAO, UNESCO, ADB, WCS, Winrock, WorldFish, MRC, Servir Mekong, RUPP and RUA. This includes 1) an archive to save all the collected data and information,2) recording of methodologies and definitions that were used for developing maps, 3) production of a report and presentation summarizing the datasets collected and a gap assessment of available spatial data and 4) incorporating comments in to final products. 2 Upon satisfactory completion of consolidation of the spatial data from Government agencies: MoE (jurisdictions of PF, PAs, community forestry and community protected areas), FA (forest cover map), FiA (fish related maps), MOWRAM (water, Tonle sap lake), MIME (mine, energy, hydropower), MLMUPC (ELCs, SLCs, roads). This includes 1) an archive to save all the collected data and information, 2) recording of methodologies and definitions that were used for developing maps 3) production of a report summarizing the datasets collected and a gap assessment of available spatial data and 4) incorporating comments in to final products. August, 15, % Annexes 1. Potential Data Sources Page 8 of 10

9 Annex 1 Potential data sources Subjects Organizations Types of maps Scale/Areas Forest Cover MAFF (Forestry and Fishery Forest land use maps and Nationwide Soil types Administrations), MoE, UN- REDD, FCPF, and FAO forest cover maps FAO Forest Inventory Nationwide Open Development Cambodia Forest cover map Nationwide Biodiversity and ecosystems MoE and CBD unit (NCSD) Mekong River Commission RUPP RUA CDRI GMS Environment Operations Centre (ADB) IUCN PA maps Species lists GIS maps of Biodiversity Corridors, terrain features, infrastructure developments, etc., World Database on PAs Red List species and distribution Important Freshwater Areas Tonle Sap Area Fishery Nationwide GMS/National Global/National JICA UNESCO Biosphere reserve National BirdLife International Key Biodiversity Areas Global/National (KBAs) Important Bird Areas (IBAs) Conservation International Cardamom, Prey Lang FINTRAC FFI Marine, Terrestrial Cardamom Wildlife Alliance Wild Cambodia Cardamom Wildlife Conservation Society Terrestrial Mondulkiri, Preah Vihear WWF Terrestrial, Marine and Freshwater Ecoregions National Mondulkiri Winrock WorldFish Three eco-zones (low and upper land of the Mekong e.g. Stung, Kratie and Tonle Sap) Three kinds of studies: welfare studies (values of fish for people s livelihoods, fish market study, biology study (sampling lands) Soil mapping project Agriculture FAO and Soil maps Climate WFP Climate change Page 9 of 10

10 change Local communities tenure prediction & crop suitability WB CC Country Profile Nationwide EEPSEA CC vulnerability mapping SE Asia CCCA CC reports and studies Nationwide SPCR (ADB) CC vulnerability mapping FA Community forestry Nationwide MoE CPA Nationwide Fishery Admin Community Fishery Nationwide RECOFTC??? Poverty WFP Identification of poor Nationwide/Provincial households (IDPoor Atlas) ELCs MAFF, MoE, ODC, LIchadho Maps and databases Nationwide Hydro power Dams MIME ODC, LIchadho Maps of developments Nationwide Mining MIME ODC, LIchadho Maps of mining leases Nationwide Oil/Gas MIME Maps of oil/gas leases Nationwide Mines CMAC Jurisdictions MAFF MoE MLMUPC MIME Ministry of Interior MRD MOWRAM Page 10 of 10