FORESTS AND FOREST RESOURCES OF RUSSIA AND THEIR USE

Transcription

1 FORESTS AND FOREST RESOURCES OF RUSSIA AND THEIR USE Prof. Dr. Alexander S. Alekseev, Vice-rector, Head of the Dept. of Forest Inventory, Management and GIS of Sankt-Petersburg State Forest Technical Academy, Address: , Sankt-Petersburg, Institutsky per.,5. Phone: , fax: ,

2 Forest cover map of Russia (version based on satellite image interpretation)

3 Percentage of different types of forest cover

4 Main part of Russian forests - boreal

5 Russia is world fourth in logging out meanwhile its share in world global exports of wood and paper products is only 2.3%

6 Russia accounts for 1/3 of world log exports, including 40% of conifer logs.

7 Forest Fund Lands and Forests out of Forest Fund Forest Fund Lands and Forests out of Forest Fund 100% Forest Fund Lands (99,47%) Forests out of Forest Fund (0,53%) Managed by Ministry of Natural Resources (95,83%) Managed by Ministry of Agriculture (3,61%) Managed by Ministry of Education (0,03%) Managed by Ministry of Defense (0,42%) Managed by Cities Administrations (0,11%) After adoption of new Forest Code all Forest Fund Lands are Managed by Ministry of Agriculture

8 Classification of the Forest Fund Lands (figures on forests managed by Ministry of Natural Resources in million of hectares at January ) Forest Fund Lands 1118,35 Forest lands Non forest lands Covered by Forest Uncovered by forest Special lands Lands unsuitable for forestry Agricultural lands and waters Cuttings 3,62 Dead tree stands 1,39 Roads and forest rides 1,87 Bogs Pastures 11,54 Burned forests Empty areas, glades, barrens 2.69 Settlements and houses 0,29 Sands 0,99 Arable lands 0,18 Unclose forest cultures 1.49 Natural sparse forests Gardens, berries fields, grape plantations, 0,08 Glaciers 0,56 Hay lands 1,86 Forest nurseries and Plantations 0.04 Other lands Waters 17.74

9 Main forest species and groups of species % of subtotal % of total Area C oniferous Scots pine ,1 22,5 15,6 N orw ay spruce 74363,9 14,3 10,0 Fir 14154,7 2,7 1,9 Larch ,8 53,0 36,9 C edaric pine sibirica 38792,8 7,5 5,2 Junuper 2,2 0,0 0,0 Subtotal for coniferous ,5 100,0 69,6 H ardwood O ak, seeds originated 3623,5 20,5 0,5 O ak, shoots originated 2947,2 16,7 0,4 Beech 683,6 3,9 0,1 H ornbeam 259,1 1,5 0,0 Ash 622,3 3,5 0,1 M arple 322,8 1,8 0,0 Elm 337,5 1,9 0,0 Birch stony ,9 1,2 H aloxylon 0,8 0,0 0,0 Acacia Alba L. 53,1 0,3 0,0 Subtotal for hardw ood 17673,9 100,0 2,4 Softw ood Birch ,4 78,1 13,9 Aspen 21379,2 16,1 2,9 Alder gra y ,2 0,2 Alder black 819,3 0,6 0,1 Linden 3195,8 2,4 0,4 Populus 917,1 0,7 0,1 W illow 1205,1 0,9 0,2 Subtotal softw ood ,9 100,0 17,8 T otal for m ain species ,3 89,8 O ther tree species 783,9 0,1 Shrubberies 75580,5 10,1 T otal ,7 100,0

10 Density of the forest cover (area covered by forest / total area), percent

11 Ratio of actual harvested volume to average volume increment, %

12 Area and growing stock ( ) Total Area of forest fund lands and forest out of forest fund, 1000 ha I of which in groups II III Forest lands Covered by forest Growing stock, mln.cub. m Russian Federation , , , , , , ,2 Forest Fund Lands , , , , , , ,1 Out of Forest Fund Lands 63583, , , , ,4 6894,12

13 Harvest activity Wood harvest Type of fellings Final fellings ,8 126, ,9 127,6 134,6 Other fellings 15, ,8 23,5 23,5 27,2 35,6 of which clear sanitary cuttings 9,2 10,5 14,4 16,3 15,8 17,8 23 Tending fellings, including 23,1 25,1 27,2 27,9 30,6 30,5 35,9 thinnings 7,5 8,8 11,5 11,7 13,5 14,2 17,8 renovation and reformation thinnings 5,8 6,8 8 8,7 9,1 8,6 9,8 sanitary thinnings 7 6,8 7,2 7 7,4 7,1 7,5 reconstruction thinnings 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,5 0,7 Total harvest 165,8 164,9 174,1 178, ,3 206,1 Final fellings of total, % 76,60 74,47 72,43 71,19 70,76 68,86 65,31 Allowable cuttings 549,8 553,5 559, , ,3 Total harvest of allowable, % 30,16 29,79 31,13 31,63 32,42 32,45 36,33

14 Distribution of mature and over mature forests in Russian Federation

15 Transport communications Extent of forest roads, total km including forestry roads km and roads for harvested wood transport km Extent of roads per square kilometer of forest fund land 0,12 km

16 Norm of forest roads longevity For standard inventory block with an area 1 km2 norm of forest roads longevity may be estimated as approximately 1.2 km/km2. 1 km Road line 1 km

17 Forest roads in Russia and some other countries 4,5 5 3, ,5 1,5 2 0, ,5 4 3,6 1,1 1 0,9 0,12 Km /100 hectares Germany Swissland Austria Sweden USA Norw ay Russia

18 Financial crisis and wood products export from Russia Commodity January-February 2008 January-February / ton mln.usd 1000 ton mln.usd % % Round wood, 1000 cub.m 6412, ,6 230,5 40,7 38,6 Saw wood, 1000 cub.m 1422,6 442,4 1016,5 301,8 71,5 68,2 Plywood, 1000 cub.m ,1 146,1 58,6 66,4 41,2 Cellulose 317,8 186,5 231,8 87,1 72,9 46,7 Printing paper 196,4 108,6 200,2 105,6 101,9 97,2 Export of all wood products except printing paper decline as much as 30-60% at the year 2009 comparatively with year 2008 The most decline export of round wood.

19 General conclusions Russia holds the largest in the world forest resources, both by area and growing stock. Rate of forest resources use may be elevated at least twice Larch wood occupied wide areas but has very specific properties to be easy used foe wood products production Significant part of forest resources is now economically inaccessible due to transportation network shortage

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