USDA APHIS PPQ Forest Pest Program Highlights

Transcription

1 USDA APHIS PPQ Forest Pest Program Highlights Con$nental Dialogue on Non- Na$ve Forest Insects & Diseases 13 th Annual Mee$ng Nov 2017, Savannah, GA Scott Pfister, Director Otis Laboratory USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST

2 Agenda An Overview of APHIS involvement in several forest health programs APHIS Forest Pest Funding Research & Funding Thousand Canker Disease Spotted Lanternfly Velvet Longhorned Beetle Program Management (Federal RegulaKons) Gypsy Moth Asian Longhorned Beetle Pine Shoot Beetle Emerald Ash Borer

3 APHIS Forest Pest Funding Line Item FY 15 & 16 Omnibus Tree & Wood Pest FY 17 Omnibus FY 18 President s Budget FY 17 House Mark Up FY 17 Senate Mark Up $54,000,000 $54,000,000 $30,000,000 $38,000,000 $56,000,000 Tree & Wood Pest Line Item Funds ALB, EAB & GM Farm Bill (10007) funds other Forest Pest Programs through the suggeskon process

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5 APHIS TCD Funding FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 Total Survey $6,250 $251,239 $363,417 $299,740 $264,156 $323,774 $317,295 $265,347 $2,091,218 Methods $159,980 $200,601 $110,000 $14,850 $0 $0 $0 $485,431 Outreach $0 $0 $129,384 $0 $75,000 $0 $0 $204,384 Totals $166,230 $451,840 $602,801 $314,590 $339,156 $323,774 $317,295 $265,347 $2,781,033 Continue to invest in Survey and Vacuum Steam Log Treatments

6 Spotted Lantern Fly Lycorma delicatula Focus is on providing funding to Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture for control and developing tools for deteckon and treatment PA quarankne covers 5 counkes Extensive ongoing discussion in regards to ramping up response and federal environment

7 Develop DetecKon Tools for Lycorma Three- pronged approach: Cooperband lab: kairomones Photo: Miriam Cooperband Baker lab: pheromones Photo: Erica Smythers Wickham lab: Field trapping Photo: Jacob Wckham Extensive support provided by Sven Spichiger & John Baker from PDA

8 Treatment Studies - SLF (Lycorma delicatula)! Tree of heaven (Ailanthus) is a key host o Infested properties are cleared of Ailanthus, except for several trap trees which are treated with a single bark spray application of a systemic insecticide (dinotefuran).! Remaining trees are highly attrackve to all life stages o Chemical residue is being tracked over time to determine optimal timing and longevity of the sprays.

9 Velvet Longhorned Beetle: Tricoferus campestris Taxonomy: Previously Hesperophanes campestris Chinese longhorned beetle, mulberry longhorned beetle Distribution: Native to Asia and Russia; established throughout Europe and in UT & IL Living Hosts include Apple, cherry and mulberry; also birch, honey locust, spruce, pine and willow Dry Wood Host range includes 30+ families (conifers and hardwoods. Pest Status: Considered pest of stored timber in Japan, but known to attack stressed trees there, as well as China Reports of attacking healthy trees in Russia, but not regulated in Europe due to low impact Uncertainty in regards to severity of attack on living healthy hosts Regulatory Status: Pest under evaluation Remains reportable / actionable at POE

10 VLB Port Interceptions & Domestic Detections Port Interceptions First detection 1997 (Seattle), then 1998 in NJ 44 interceptions at 13 ports 26 interceptions since 2012 as part of Port intercept project On Poplar and Pine Domestic Detections / Inland Interceptions Detected in 14 States Majority caught in traps near residential & commercial sites Bathtubs in IL & NY Established in UT & IL

11 VLB Infestation in Utah Established in 4 counties (Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, Tooele) Reproducing populations in fruit orchard and golf course Between 2013 and present, this beetle has been found infesting and completing development on live cherry and peach trees The cherry trees were 80 years old and also infested with peach tree borer and peach twig borer Ongoing studies to determine severity in living hosts and pheromone development

12 Traps & Lures Pheromone Development Pheromone under development (Trichoferone) Male produced pheromone found in 2015 Small quantities are being formulated by cooperator at UC Riverside Cooperative project between PPQ, Xavier University and UC Riverside 2016 field work in Utah demonstrated attractiveness over existing lures (e.g. ethanol) and controls 2017 limited field work in Utah is focusing on loading rate Limited commercial production of Pheromone will be available in 2018 for testing in 4-5 states, although the parameters for use will likely be conservative (ie: change lure often) Field work will focus on loading rates & longevity of lure 2017 Dose Response

13 Imported Raw Wood Products Pathway PPQ is in concurrence with the concerns expressed in the 2016 NPB Resolution No. 2 PPQ will focus on: increasing compliance with existing regulations; revising Misc. and Processed Product Manual for greater clarity; updating frequently asked questions (FAQs) on website for wooden handicrafts; maintaining list of approved manufacturers from China.

14 Imported Raw Wood Products Pathway ( cont.) PPQ and CBP are currently piloting a special operation that targets previous violators of wood products regulations. PPQ PIM sent letters to China regarding investigations of fraudulent phytosanitary certificates. APHIS is developing ephyto system to reduce fraud with certificates.

15 Gypsy Moth (GM) DomesKc egg mass movement on containers 2018 EGM EradicaKon in WA No AGM Egg Mass IntercepKons on ships in 2017, but one male AGM caught in Santa Cruz, CA

16 ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE APHIS remains commieed to program See Paul Chaloux s presentakon Photo credit: Lee Spaulding

17 Pine Shoot Beetle Regulated since 1992 Little to no damage in infested area Little damage expected in non- infested areas Consensus reached between NaKonal Plant Board and APHIS to deregulate Proposed rule being developed

18 The Emerald Ash Borer Program Maintain Ash as a Viable Part of the American Landscape

19 QuaranKned Versus Infested Established in 31 States

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37 Biocontrol Since 2009 the EAB Biocontrol facility has been rearing and distribukng for release several parasitoids. Tetras4chus planipennisi Spathius agrili Oobius agrili Spathius galinae (since 2015) The 5 year goal is to release parasitoids within all infested counkes.

38 Parasitoid Releases: Numbers

39 Parasitoid Releases in 26 of 31 Infested States

40 Parasitoid Recoveries and Establishment " Tetras4chus planipennisi recovered in 12 states. " Tetras4chus has a short ovipositor and is restricted to smaller diameter ash trunks/branches. " Oobius agrili recovered in 9 states. " T. planipennisi and O. agrili persiskng and dispersing. " Spathius agrili recovered in 6 states, failed to establish in northern states. " Recently recovered in MD 6 years aher release but parasiksm levels were low.

41 Spathius galinae " Has a long ovipositor necessary to aeack EAB through thick bark. " Climate in Vladivostock, Russia more similar to northern U.S. " Is quite species specific. " Release pekkon got unanimous support of the NAPPO panel and releases began in " S. galinae has been recovered in CT, NY, and MD.

42 Phenology of EAB and its Parasitoids in NY and TN " Spathius galinae and Tetras4chus planipennisi emerge early in the spring when mature larvae are only available in the north. Unlikely to establish where EAB has a one- year life cycle. " Spathius agrili emerges over a month aher EAB and is well synchronized with EAB in the south where there is a one- year life cycle. " We expect Spathius galinae and Tetras4chus planipennisi to establish in the north and Spathius agrili to establish in the south. David Caeppart Jian Duan David Caeppart

43 EAB Overwintering

44 Conclusions and RamificaKons of Recovery Sampling EAB parasitoids have established in 11 states (CT, IL, IN, MD, MI, MN, NY, NH, PA, OH, WI) and recovery in an addikonal 6 states (TN, CO, VA, KY, MO, and MA). Tetras4chus and Oobius are increasing and spreading. Spathius agrili can overwinter in the northern U.S. but populakons do not persist. Releases only south of 40 th parallel Spathius galinae releases began in 2015 Increasing parasiksm rates of EAB eggs and larvae at our near release sites

45 Closing Thoughts - EAB Program Regulatory program has slowed, but not stopped the human assisted movement of EAB Broad agreement that parasitoid releases and development of self- sustaining populakons of parasitoids are crikcal to achieving the overall program objeckve along with Development of host resistance is needed APHIS has inikated the rule making process to deregulate EAB. As with any proposed rule, all public and stakeholder comments will be considered before deciding on a final ackon.