GENERATION, CHARACTERISTICS & MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE AT CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, CHITTAGONG, BANGLADESH

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1 EPRA Internatinoal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research e-issn: Published by : EPRA Journals Tiruchirapalli GENERATION, CHARACTERISTICS & MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE AT CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, CHITTAGONG, BANGLADESH Kamrul Islam 1 1 Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh. ikamrul830@gmail.com Kazi Nazrul Islam 2 2 Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh. ABSTRACT Chittagong University is one of the biggest public universities of Bangladesh. The natural beauty and cleanliness of this university is most prominent. Increasing rate of solid waste generation and indiscriminate disposal of solid waste is a major problem of this neat and clean university. This paper presents a study of solid waste generation rate, composition of Chittagong University. This study was conducted in the north campus of Chittagong University. generation from Switch gate colony, Shahi colony, North campus staff quarter, Uttara residential area, Alaol hall, A. F. Rahman hall, Law faculty canteen, Chittagong university medical center, Chittagong university school & college, Institute of Education, Research & Training (IERT) and Law faculty were 19.38, 167.7, 89.6, , 36, 19, 3.5, 18, 6.2, 1.1 and 3 kg/day respectively; and waste were , , 0.21, 0.309, 0.09, 0.09, 0.07, 0.07, 0.047, , and kg respectively. Total waste generation/day in north campus of Chittagong University was kg and waste was kg. KEY WORDS: Chittagong University, Generation, Composition, Solid waste 1.INTRODUCTION Solid waste generation and disposal has become a major concern in developing country like Bangladesh (Hossain et al. 2013). Rapid population growth and urban expansion is one of the major causes for deteriorating the environment (Salam et al. 2012). The ever increasing use of resources has resulted in enormous solid waste generation which poses a threat to human health (Frosh, 1996). Population density, community size, geographical characteristics are some common factors that have the influence on waste generation (Matsuto and Ham, 1990). The issue of solid waste management (SWM) has become a challenge for governments of developing countries in Asia and Africa (Zia and Devadas, 2008). This has huge consequence in terms of collection, disposal and the elimination of waste (Thonart et al. 2005). Many experts 2

2 have expressed serious concern about improper waste management (Imam et al. 2008). Inadequate management of solid waste in most cities of developing countries leads to problems that impair human and animal health and ultimately result in economic, environmental and biological losses (Wilson et al. 2006). Bangladesh is densely populated country where rapid urbanization is increasing (Salequzzaman, 2000). Chittagong is the second largest city of Bangladesh with a substantial, self-sustaining economic base (GoB, 2003). The solid waste generation is Chittagong city is increasing rapidly with the growth of population (Das et al. 2013; Salam et al. 2012). Many studies have been already conducted to identify the generation rate and characteristics of solid waste of Chittagong city area, but a little bit is done in case of waste generation in public university area. This study aims to identify the generation of solid waste per day, average per capita waste generation per day and the characteristics of waste in north campus of Chittagong University area. Besides, this study finds the present management of solid waste and recommends some measure to better the scenario. 2.MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in north campus of Chittagong University. The selected sites were Alaol Hall, A.F Rahman Hall, Law Faculty, Institute of Education, Research and Training (IERT), Chittagong University Kamrul Islam & Kazi Nazrul Islam School and College, Chittagong University Medical Center, North Campus Staff Quarter, Uttara Residential Area, Switch Gate Colony and Shahi Colony. A reconnaissance survey was performed prior to data collection. Total number of households and population was identified from secondary sources (university register, administration offices). Total population of medical center was selected on the basis of visitors average daily visit found from the medical register. Total population in 2 residential halls was identified from the hall register. In case of law faculty canteen, total population was selected from the average daily meal prepared by the canteen. Due to similarity in waste generation characteristics, composition of waste was categorized into Household Solid (HSW), Institutional Solid (ISW). A semi structured questionnaire (annex1) was used for finding out sources, generation, management practices and impact of solid waste on human health and environment in the study site. Balance was used for weighing solid waste, GPS was used for specific location identification, and Calculator was used for calculation in the field. The collected data was analyzed by using Microsoft Excel. 2.1.Map of the study area: Figure 1: Map of the study area 3

3 EPRA Internatinoal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 3. RESULT 3.1 Household Solid Generation:- Table 1: Solid Generation in Households Name of study area Switch gate colony Shahi colony North campus staff quarter Uttara residential area Total household Total population Average waste generation/ household/day generation/day Solid Generation in Residential Hall:- Table 2: Solid Generation in Residential Halls Name of hall Total population generation/day Alaol hall A F Rahman hall Institutional Solid Generation:- Name Table 3: Solid Generation in Different Institutions Total population generation/day Law faculty Chittagong university school and college IERT Law faculty canteen Chittagong university medical center Total Solid Generation:- Table 4: Total Solid waste generation Total population Total waste generation/day

4 3.5 Physical Composition of Household Solid :- Kamrul Islam & Kazi Nazrul Islam Figure 2: Physical Composition of Household Solid 3.6 Physical Composition of Institutional Solid :- Figure 3: Physical Composition of Institutional Solid 4.DISCUSSION Chittagong University is a major public university of Bangladesh with a great number of students, teachers, and staffs residing in the campus area. Due to the increasing number of population the waste generation is also increasing in this university. The generated waste by the inhabitants was dumped indiscriminately in the university area. There is no management facility provided by the university authority. Community based management initiative was found during the study in the Uttara Residential Area. 100 taka was provided by each family of Uttara Residential Area for waste management. was collected by a specific person once a day and dumped in the hill beside the residential area through a van. People of the colony and staff quarter use pit near household to dump the everyday waste. generated from the two halls was dumped in specific sites of the hall. was collected by the engaged staff after two days interval and dumped. Similarly, waste from the school and college was collected by responsible staff and dumped on the backyard of school every day. The generated waste of law faculty and law faculty canteen was collected by the responsible staff and dumped in the site beside the faculty every day except the holidays. coming from the medical center was hazardous and this hazardous was burnt once a week beside the medical center area. 5

5 EPRA Internatinoal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research The dumped solid waste often gets mixed with the drain water and through rain. Again mosquito, fly etc. was also found in significant number in the dumped site which could spread vector borne diseases. From the physical composition of solid waste it was found that about 68% of the waste generating from the household was the food waste which is biodegradable. Again the institutional waste is also biodegradable in most cases. So, using this waste energy production can be a very good opportunity which will not only produce energy but also help in making the environment neat and clean. 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Every day kg of waste is generated in the study area and a significant portion of this waste is biodegradable in nature. If the generated waste is utilized in a scientific way the environment of the university will be much better than present. In order to manage the waste properly the university authority should take the following measure: 1. University authority should determine specific waste disposal sites. 2. collection bin, number of waste collector should be provided. 3. Mass people should be made aware of regarding waste disposal. 4. A landfill site could be established if possible. 6.REFERENCES 1. Das SR, Hossain Md L, Salam MA, Talukder S, Khanam M, Aktar F, Hossain MK. Generation and Assessing the Composition of Commercial Solid in Commercial City of Bangladesh, Indian Journal of Engineering, 2013, 2(5), Frosch RA. Toward the end of waste: reflections on a new ecology for industry. Daedalus, 1996, 125, GoB. Banglapedia, National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. In: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Islam, S. (Ed), Nimtali, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2003, 3: Hossain Md L, Das SR, Rubaiyat A, Salam MA, Uddin Md K, Hossain MK. Characteristics and Management of Institutional Solid of Jamalkhan Ward, Chittagong, Bangladesh. International Journal of Research in Management (3), Imam A, Mohammed B, Wilson DC, Cheeseman CR. Solid waste management in Abuja, Nigeria. Management, 2008, 28(2), Matsuto T, Ham RK. Residential Solid Generation and Recycling in the USA and Japan. Management and Research, 1990, 8, Salam MA, Hossain Md L, Das SR, Wahab R, Hossain MK. Generation and Assessing the Composition of Household Solid in Commercial Capital City of Bangladesh.International Journal of Environmental Science, Management and Engineering Research, 2012, 1(4), Salequzzaman, M. Perceptions of Vehicle Air Pollution in Khulna, Bangladesh, Proceedings of the Habitus 2000, Conference in Perth, Western Australia, September Thonart P, Diabaté SI, Hiligsmann S, Lardinois M. Guide pratique sur la gestion des déchets ménagers et des sites d enfouissement technique dans les pays du sud. Canada: IEPF, Wilson DC, Velis C, Cheeseman C. Role of informal sector recycling in waste management in developing countries. Habitat International, 2006, 30, Zia H, Devadas V. Urban solid waste management in Kanpur: opportunities and perspectives. Habitat International, (1),