Invasive Insects in Tennessee Forests

Transcription

1 Invasive Insects in Tennessee Forests Facing New Threats and Challenges Jerome F. Grant, UTIA Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology

2 Invasive Insects in Tennessee Forests LEAVES OF CHANGE

3 Invasive Insects in Tennessee Forests PESTS OF CHANGE Proactive, not REACTIVE Land Management Allocation of Resources Long-term Planning

4 Goals of Presentation 1) Provide a general overview of invasive species 2) Discuss our forests and new threats and challenges they face in Tennessee 3) Discuss responses to these new threats

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6 RESEARCH TARGETS: 1) Hemlock woolly adelgid 2) Emerald ash borer 3) Walnut twig borer 4) Kudzu bug 5) Brown marmorated stink bug 6) Asian multicolored lady beetle 7) Crepe myrtle bark scale

7 EXOTIC = ALIEN ALIEN SPECIES What thoughts initially come to your mind when you hear these words?

8 EXOTIC = ALIEN nonnative; nonindigenous

9 EXOTIC SPECIES Species that have been introduced from one country into a country where they did not previously occur INVASIVE SPECIES Species that are competitive, persistent, aggressive, and highly detrimental

10 Per the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): An invasive species is defined as: a species that is non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration a species whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health

11 Agricultural Systems Face Many Invasive Insects

12 Forest Systems Are NOT Immune to Invasive Insects

13 How do EXOTIC SPECIES get to the United States and to Tennessee?

14 Negative Consequences INTRODUCED -- NEGATIVE RESULTS KUDZU

15 Negative Consequences PURPOSELY INTRODUCED -- NEGATIVE RESULTS Multiflora Rose Johnsongrass Dandelions Asian Multicolored Lady Beetle

16 Negative Consequences IMPACT OF EXOTIC PESTS Agricultural/Private Practices (>$100 billion annual impact in US) Natural Resources Environment/Biodiversity

17 INVASIVE SPECIES IN U.S. FROM CHINA/ASIA Ca. 10% of the invasive insect species in the U.S. originated from China/Asia

18 INVASIVE PESTS USDA APHIS (hungrypests.com) (this video was accompanied by additional information to educate viewers on invasive pests and what can be done to reduce their impact)

19 Exotic and Invasive Species --OH MY! Wizard of Oz

20 Dorothy was a native of Kansas.

21 Dorothy was swept away to a new world.

22 Dorothy s presence in this new world caused many problems!

23 - competitive, persistent, aggressive, and highly detrimental

24 BUGS IN THE NEWS Emerald Ash Borer Exotic Invasive

25 BUGS IN THE NEWS Walnut Twig Beetle (TCD) Invasive BUT not considered exotic (native to Western U.S.)

26 BUGS IN THE NEWS Spotted Lanternfly Exotic Invasive

27 BUGS IN THE NEWS Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Exotic Invasive

28 WHAT PROBLEMS ARE OUR FORESTS FACING? North Carolina ATLANTIC OCEAN 62.2% of land area in the Southern Appalachians is classified as forest

29 An International Biosphere and A World Heritage Site

30 Most visited National Park in U.S. (ca. 10 million visitors/year)

31 FORESTS ARE THREATENED BY NON-NATIVE, INVASIVE PESTS Forest Products Natural Resources Environment /Biodiversity

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33 GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK Impacted Significantly by Non-native, Invasive Species - American Chestnut (Castanea sp.), Chestnut Blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) - 100% mortality

34 GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK Frasier Fir (Abies sp.), Balsam Woolly Adelgid (Adelges piceae) - 95%+ mortality

35 GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK Dogwood Anthracnose on Dogwoods (Discula destructiva on Cornus spp.) - Vectored by insects - 70% mortality

36 GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK Beech Scale /Beech Bark Disease (on Fagus sp.) - Nectria spp. - Cryptococcus fagisuga - 80% mortality

37 New, Non-Native Invasive Species Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (on Tsuga spp.) (native to Asia)

38 Management of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Biological Control LYBIL (Rearing Lab) Chemical Control Imidacloprid Soil Drench Integration of Biological and Chemical Control

39 Importance of Imidacloprid GSMNP treated >200,000 Hemlocks Persists 4-6 Years Neonicotinoid Systemic Widely used Agriculture, Nursery, etc. Veterinary applications IMG_4575.jpg =

40 Studies of Imidacloprid Treatment Soil Arthropods on Hemlock Canopy Arthropods 293 Phytophagous & Transient Insect Spp. Predatory arthropods Aquatic macroinvertebrates

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42 What s Happening Here?

43 Rhododendron maximum Common Associate of Eastern Hemlock Blooms Late Spring Early Summer Insect Pollinated

44 Non-Native Invasive Species ON THE HORIZON Gypsy Moth

45 Non-Native Invasive Species ON THE HORIZON Asian Longhorned Beetle

46 Non-Native Invasive Species ON THE HORIZON Sirex Wood Wasp

47 THE SOLUTION: What is the best management approach against multiple pest species?

48 What are management options? (no one answer to all species) 1. Do nothing! (Let it run its course )

49 What are management options? (no one answer to all species) 1. Do nothing! (Let it run its course ) 2. Treat chemically

50 Application Methods

51 What are management options? (no one answer to all species) 1. Do nothing! (Let it run its course ) 2. Treat chemically 3. Biological control

52 GLOBAL SEARCH for BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS

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54 What are management options? (no one answer to all species) 1. Do nothing! Let it run its course 2. Treat chemically 3. Biological control 4. Pesticides + Biological control

55 What are management options? (no one answer to all species) 1. Do nothing! Let it run its course 2. Treat chemically 3. Biological control 4. Pesticides + Biological control 5. Breeding for resistance

56 What are management options? (no one answer to all species) 1. Do nothing! Let it run its course 2. Treat chemically 3. Biological control 4. Pesticides + Biological control 5. Breeding for resistance

57 Proper Management Is Key to Viability and Productivity of Our Forests - Save the trees - Manage the natural resources - Protect the environment

58 HOW CAN WE FACE NEW THREATS AND CHALLENGES? 1. COOPERATE

59 Dorothy s presence in this world required teamwork to solve!

60 COOPERATING AGENCIES/ INSTITUTIONS/ETC. IN THE REGION U.S.D.A. Forest Ser. U.S. Park Ser. Clemson University Univ. of Georgia N.C. State Univ. NC Dept. Agric. Univ. of Tennessee TN Dept. Agric. Virginia Tech State Forestry Depts. Private Groups: Friends of the Smokies SAMAB

61 HOW CAN WE FACE NEW THREATS AND CHALLENGES? 1. COOPERATE 2. DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

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63 HOW CAN WE FACE NEW THREATS AND CHALLENGES? 1. COOPERATE 2. DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 3. EDUCATE

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65 THE NEEDS: Scarecrow A Brain

66 THE NEEDS: Tin Man A Heart

67 THE NEEDS: Cowardly Lion Courage

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69 FINAL THOUGHTS: Insect Species More than 900,000 described species in the world (ca million insects yet to describe) More than 91,000 described species in U.S. (ca. 73,000 more species yet to describe)

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