Effect of Water Stress on Seed Germination of Agropyron Elongatum, Agropyron Desertourm & Secale Montanum

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1 DESERT DESERT Online t DESERT 7 () 49-5 Effet of Wter Stress on See Germintion of Elongtum, Desertourm & Sele Montnum E. Zni Esfhn *, H. Azrnivn Assistnt Professor, Reserh Institute of Forests n Rngelns, Tehrn, Irn Professor, Fulty of Nturl Resoures, University of Tehrn, Krj, Irn Reeive: 8 April 9; Reeive in revise form: July ; Aepte: Novemer Astrt Physiologil effet of six levels of wter stress (, -., -., -.6, -.9 n -. MP) ws stuie on see germintion n plumule s well s riule growth length in three speies nmely: elongtum, esertourm n Sele montnum. Polyethylene glyol (PEG) ws use to provie pproprite wter potentils. A totl of sees in four replitions (Petri ishes) were sown from eh speies. Experimentl esign ws ftoril one of omplete rnomize esign. Mximum germintion rte ws otine t MP. Germintion rte n plumule n riule growth eline with wter potentil level. The most resistne speies to wter stress re Sele montnum, elongtum n esertorum respetively. Keywors: Wter stress; Polyethylene glyol; Germintion; Plumule; Riule. Introution Aout 45 million squre kilometers or one thir of ll ln stns re lssifie in ry lns tegory. Ari n semi ri lns of Irn were estimte out million hetres over, out 64 perent of the re of the ountry (Jvi, M. ). In these regions, wter is the min ftor whih ontrols the suess of plnts germintion. Wter stress ffets ifferent spets of plnt growth (morphology, physiology n ntomy) n uses mny hnges suh s erese or ely in germintion, eril orgn growth reution, erese in ry iomss n in rte of growth, et (Grwoo, E.A. 979, Hung, B. 997). Rte n strt of germintion my e ffete y inpproprite wter potentils in ri n semi ri lns (Young et l. 98). The Corresponing uthor. Tel.: , Fx: E-mil ress: ehsn6_8@yhoo.om extent of mge to plnt epens on wter stress perio, soil properties, environmentl hrteristis s well s plnt speie. As mtter of ft, the most sensitive life stge of plnt is germintion perio n suessful pssing of this stge seriously tht ffets plnt stility n estlishment. Mny reserhes hve een stuying the germintion of griulturl plnt speies while there re few stuies on the germintion of rngeln plnt speies s elow: Mginz (96) stuie wter stress in Lolium prenne n onlue tht perentge n rte of germintion, tigell n riule length woul e erese with reution in wter potentil. Cluff n Rouny (988) stuie the germintion responses of esert slt grss to temperture n osmoti potentil n onlue tht the erese of osmoti potentil from to - MP woul erese the totl germintion from 6 to 9 perent. Sony n Prk (99) stuie see germintion of Astrglus spp. n showe tht

2 5 Zni Esfhn & Azrnivn / DESERT 7 () 49-5 reution of wter potentil woul erese the germintion rte n tigell length. Romo et l. (99) investigte the influene of temperture n wter stress on germintion of plins rough fesue n stte tht the inrese of wter potentil woul erese the germintion rte. Qi n Remn, (99) stuie the see germintion n seeling survivl of C n C4 grsses uner wter stress n pointe out tht Boutelou grilis h the most germintion rte. Jvi () stuie wter stress in Slsol speies n inite tht slsol enroies ws the most resistne speies mong the stuie speies. He lso onlue tht wter potentil reution woul erese ll the stuie hrteristis (Zehtin, G. ). Consiering the lk of urte knowlege out the resistne of rnge speies to wter stress, it is neessry to o more reserhes on this issue to hve etter reognition of resistnt speies to wter stress. Consequently, the results of the stuies my e use in hoosing suitle speies for rnge mngement n rnge improvement in ri n semi-ri regions. This stuy hs een rrie out to etermine the wter stress resistne of elongtum, esertourm n Sele montnum uring the germintion perio. It is lso ime to nominte the most resistnt speies oring to the germintion ftors in lortory onitions. The mentione speies were selete ue to their goo forge proution use y livestok in ri n semi-ri regions.. Mterils n Methos The test ws performe in four replitions n six tretments. In eh Petri ish helthy sees were ultivte. Before ultivtion, the sees were isinfete y vit wx solution for.5 minutes n were then wshe with istille wter. Petri ishes were lso isinfete y temperture of C for two hours. For ll tretments, sees were ple in Petri ishes (TP metho). To stuy the wter stress, ifferent levels of PEG 6 were e to Petri ishes equling to, -., -., -.6, -.9 n -. Meg Psl of ryness. In orer to reue the evportion, Petri ishes were ple in plsti gs n then put in the germintor for 5 ys. The perentge of germintion n the verge length of plumule n riule were mesure for ll wter stress tretments. To hieve this gol, the numer of germinte sees from eh Petri ish ws onsiere to mesure three mentione ftors in fifteenth y.. Results Compring the replites in eh tretment for ll the speies, the meg Psl tretment enefite from the highest germintion rte tht ws 69.5 % in Sele montnum, 56% in elongtum n 45.75% in esertorum. In totl, germintion rte ereses while wter stress inreses. The lest germintion rte ws oserve in -. meg Psl tretments in ll three speies. The highest riule n plumule length ws oserve in (Zero) meg Psl tretment. Generlly, the reution of wter potentil use reution in riule n plumule length. The lest of these two prmeters were oserve in -. meg Psl tretment. The results of sttistil nlysis show tht the effets of tretments on germintion, riule length n plumule length were signifint in the proility level of %. In ition the results of Dunn's Test show signifint ifferene of germintion, riule length n plumule length mong three speies within the proility level of 5% (Figures -6). Germintion(%) Sele montnum elongtum esertorum Fig.. Dunn's test of Germintion (P<.)

3 Zni Esfhn & Azrnivn / DESERT 7 () plumule length (Cm).5.5 elongtum esertorum Sele montnum Fig.. Dunn's test of Plumule (P<.5) Rile length (Cm) elongtum esertorum Sele montnum Fig.. Dunn's test of Rile (P<.5) 6 5 Germintion(Cm) Wter Stress Potentil (MP) Fig. 4. Dunn's test of germintion uner wter stress potentils (P<.5) plumule length(cm) Wter Stress Potentil (MP) Fig. 5. Dunn's test of Plumule length uner wter stress potentils (P<.5)

4 5 Zni Esfhn & Azrnivn / DESERT 7 () 49-5 Rile length (m) Wter Stress Potentil (MP) Fig. 6. Dunn's test of rile length uner wter stress potentils (P<.5) 4. Conlusion The results of this reserh inite tht germintion rte, riule n plumule length erese with reution of wter potentil n Sele montnum h the most perentge of germintion. Doesher et l. (985) stuie the effet of wter stress on the germintion of Iho fesue n foune s wter stress erese n temperture inrese, oth germintion mount n rte for the 4 olletions eline. Kouhki n Zrifketi (997) prove the iret negtive reltionship etween wter stress rte n the perentge of germintion, riule n plumule length. Jvi () stuie three speies of Slsol n onlue tht germintion rte, riule n plumule length erese with the inrese of wter stress rte. Finh et l. () stuie the effet of wter stress on the germintion of Dus rrot n onlue tht the mximum germintion rte ws oserve in MP n with the inrese of wter stress, germintion rte, n riule n plumule length erese. Present stuy showe similr result to other reserhes, like eresing wter potentil, ereses germintion; Plumule n ril length.inresing PEG solution Conentrtion n eresing see wter sorption, restrite nturl tivities of seeling. Wter stress reserh showe ifferent results, some plnts show high resistne uring germintion stge, on the other hn some of them show high resistne uring growth stge. So high resistne in germintion stge oes not express high resistne uring growth stge. On the other hn, we rrie out our reserh uner Lortory onition n its result n e pplie in lortory onition. Knowlege of roughtresistne mehnisms n seletion of resistnt speies woul improve mngement strtegies. For this reson, we propose to sientists to rry out wter stress stuies in lortory n fiel onition n selet resistnt speies n etions for rngeln improvement n evelopment. Referenes Bsr, A. sn R.K Bsr, 997. Mehnism of environmentl stress responses in plnts. Hrwoo emi pulisher. Cluff, G.L. n B.A.Rouny.988.Germintion responses of esert slt grss to temperture n osmoti potentil. Journl of Rnge Mngement. 4():5-5. Doesher, R,D., Miller, R., n A.Winwr.985.Effet of moisture n temperture on germintion of Iho Fesue. Journl of Rnge Mngement.8(4):-. Dwyer, D.D n K. Wole-Yohnnis, 97. Germintion Emergene, Wter stress use n proution of Slsol kli- Agron. J. (64). P: Finh,W, E, Phelps, K, Stekel, J., Whler, W,R n H, R., Rowse..See reserve-epenent growth responses to temperture n wter potentil in Duus Crrot. Journl of Experimentl Botny. Vol.5, No 64, PP Grwoo, E.A., 979. Wter use y six grss speies n use of soil wter. Journl of Agriulturl Siene. Vol: 9. p: 5-5. Hung, B., 997. Drought resistne mehnisms of seven wrm seson turf grss uner surfe soil rying. Crop Siene. vol: 7. p: Jvi, M.,. Investigtion on wter stress effet on see germintion of three rngeln speies. M.S. seminr. Fulty of Nturl Resoures, University of Tehrn. Koohki, A., 99. Frming plnt germintion physiologil funmentls. Astne Ghos Rzvi Pulition.

5 Zni Esfhn & Azrnivn / DESERT 7 () Murillo_Amor, B., Lopez_Aguilr, R, Ky, C Lrnny_Moyori n Flores_Hernnez.. Germintion, Emergene n Seeling growth of Cow Pe. Journl of Agronomy n Crop siene. Vol 88, Issue 5: Nseri, H.,. Investigtion on Botnil n Eologil Chrteristis of Artemisi speies in Est Azerijn. M.S. seminr. Fulty of Nturl Resoures, University of Tehrn, 9pp. Qi, Q, M nr.e.remn.99.see germintion n seeling survivl of C n C4 grsses uner wter stress. Journl of Ari Environment, 4: Romo, J, T, Grilt, P.L., Bur, C, J n J.A. Young. 99. Influene of Temperture n wter stress on Germintion of plins rough fesue. Journl of Rnge Mngement, 44:: Seein, F., 996. Investigtion on Dry Resistne n wter use effiieny on two Rngeln Speies. M.S. seminr. Fulty of Nturl Resoures, University of Tehrn, 5pp. Souri, M., 5. Investigtion on wter stress effet on see germintion of two rngeln speies. M.S. seminr. Fulty of Nturl Resoures, University of Tehrn,pp. Young, J, A, Evns, R. A, Rouny, B, n G. Cluff. 98. Moisture stress n see germintion. USDA, Siene n Eution Aministrtion, Pulition Armw-6 Zehtin, G.,, Investigtion on wter stress effet on see germintion of three rngeln speies, Desert Journl, 5::-. Zei, I, M n El-Semty, N.A..Respones of two ifferentilly rought tolernt vrieties of Mize To rought Stress. Pkistn Journl of Biologil Sienes, 4:7: