Prof. Dr. S.Teki Professor and Head, Department of Management Studies

Transcription

1 Role of Afforestation on Dry and Degraded Lands & Developmental Finance in Generating Sustainable Livelihood and Strategies to Arrest Desertification: case studies-india Prof. Dr. S.Teki Professor and Head, Department of Management Studies Adikavi Nannaya University (Autonomous body under Government of Andhra Pradesh, India) Rajahmundry , India. website Phone: and , at 3rd International Congress on Planted Forests May 2013 Bordeaux, France and Estoril, Portugal

2 Prof. Dr. S. Teki Educational qualifications:ph.d., MBA, M.Com. Key Qualifications; Prior to current job Associate Professor and Controller of Examinations at NIFM, FARIDABAD, INDIA. Research Associate at Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal ( ) Lecturer in North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, ( ) Completed number of consultancy projects including two World Bank Assisted projects 9 research projects funded by institutions like UNESCO completed. Total 18 years of teaching, research and consultancy experience. Traveled all over world covered 6 continents (Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, North America and South America)

3 objectives; a) to analyze extent and causes for degradation and failure of governments to address the desertification; b) to study role of afforestation on dry and degraded forest lands for providing sustainable livelihood to the dependent communities; c) to evaluate developmental financing efforts of governments and voluntary organizations; d) to augment strategies to arrest desertification and promote afforestation activities.

4 An estimate by WWF reveals that in this world proximately 50 acres (22 hectares) of forest cut down every minute. Livelihoods of 1.2 billion people in more than 100 countries, including India, is at stake. India alone accounts for 100 million people who live in or near forest land, whose livelihood comes from forest.

5 Desertification and degradation of forest render them in starvation and threatening their subsistence. Degraded Wasteland (source: About 135 million people (Ashok B S 2006) may have to abandon their land, due to desertification; these figures are sufficient caution to gear up global efforts for combating desertification

6 Table 1 Geographical Details of India AREA (m.ha) Total Geographical Area Records available Area fit for vegetation Area under Crops Area under forest Degraded Area in villages Degraded Area with farmers Source: 329 mha. 304 mha. 264 mha. 142 mha. 67 mha. 35 mha. 20 mha.

7 Table 2 Categories of Wastelands in India Category Area (in sq.kms.) Snow Covered/Glacial Barren Rocky/Sheet Rock Sands-inland/coastal Land affected by salinity/alkalinity Gullied/or ravinous land Upland with or without scrub Water logged & Marshy Steep sloping area Shifting cultivation land Mining/Industrial Wastelands Degraded/pastures/grazing land Under utilised/degraded notified forest land Degraded land under plantation crop Grand total Source:

8 As per the reckonings of UNEP damage and losses caused by desertification amounts to $ 42 billion per annum, globally. MEASURES (SELECT) TAKEN IN INDIA In India Central and various state governments have initiated desertification combating measures through programmes like ; 1) Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) was implemented in 182 districts in 16 states width and breadth of the nation.

9 2) Dessert Development Programmes (DDP) is operational in 40 districts in seven states. 3) Joint Forest Management (JFM) implemented in most of the states. 4) Revolving Fund for Forest Operations (RFFO) activated in states like Kerala,

10 JFM is a strategic government programmes that includes local (indigenous / tribal)poor people in micro planning and decision makings about local resource management including forest and wastelands management with a well defined institutional structure. The JFM has helped Forest Department to change its image as one concerned with well-being and participation of the local people.

11 Revolving Fund for Forest Operations (RFFO) activated in states like Kerala, Kerala state [one of the states of India] forest department brought very significant public financial administration shift by way of creating a revolving fund, that is aimed at retaining 5% of teak timber sold and 50% pulpwood sold in that particular forest division area can be retained without remitting to the state consolidated fund, and depositing that amount in saving bank account that is operated by the divisional forest officer. And the necessary provision to this effect will be made in the state subsequent budget.

12 This was indeed a landmark transition in the Public Administration that is working very effectively to get necessary fund in time to grow seedlings at nurseries and plant at appropriate time.

13 Lessons learnt. JFM is serving multiple objectives of afforestation on degraded forestlands and wastelands, addressing poverty, enhancing income generating activities and protection and also regeneration of forests. Under JFM forest department acts like a Good Samaritan giving the local community substantial and transparent participation, allow common interest to prevail, instead of forest department dominance as at present.

14 The forest department should consider the JFM as a multi benefited strategy to give meaningful participation that really empowers the FD for improving livelihoods and living conditions and enable them to come out from the poverty net as well as for protection and regeneration of forest. Effective community control has been an integral part of the Indian social fabric.

15 IWDP is an effort towards its restoration & a small step in the achievement of this goal which might turn into a big leap with the support from the people. Kerala state is a transition in the Public Administration that is working very effectively to get necessary fund in time to grow seedlings at nurseries and plant at appropriate time.

16 maharastra chatshgarh

17 JFM Analytical case of Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra States of India: JFM in Chattisgarh state: total 7887 JFMCs formed and total million (1.4 million are female members and 1.3 million are male members) are members of JFM. total area covered is (55.5%) sq. km total forest area is under JFM in the state. As per the revised JFM Govt. Resolution any main felling in Bamboo/Timber Coup/Silviculture in the area allotted to JFMC.

18 JFMC would be entitled to receive 15% cash benefit of the total sale price of forest produce. A total amount of INR million have been paid to JFM under during last decade (2001 to 2010). 30% of the 15% profits due to each JFMC would be kept at Conservator level as Revolving Fund. This fund would be made available to any JFMC within the Circle but only for Income Generation Activities and that too as loan only at 4% simple interest.

19 For reducing the dependence of the members of JFMCs on forests for sustainable livelihood; various Alternate Livelihood Activities being undertaken by the Department including; a) Enhancing Agriculture productivity through Rain Water Harvesting, b) Introduction of Alternate Energy Sources, c) Support to local handicraft artisans,

20 d) NTFP & Medicinal Plantation, Pasture development For Fodder e) Alternate Livelihood Projects with the NGOs medium f) Livestock Management Project, g) High Density Pulpwood Plantation and h) Farm forestry etc.

21 Maharashtra state: total No. JFMC (as on March 2011) total members 2.6 million (29% females) total Number MOU signed is Total area under JFM is 3.9 million hectares. As per the recent reckonings monetary values of the annual benefits add up to staggering amount of Rs 1928 Crores in the 15 states.

22 Planted forest though JFM and other means enhances forest cover thus mitigates risk of Climate change and; it s a viable forest risk management strategy

23 Thank you one and all for your kind heed Thank you very much IUFRO for extending financial assistance